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Sedimentary successions in the Middle-Upper Oxfordian reef deposits from the southern part of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland (Southern Poland)

Krajewski M., Olchowy P., Rudziński D.

Geological Quarterly

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2018

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Vol. 62, No. 3

653--668

EN

The sedimentary succession of the largest example of an Upper Oxfordian reef located in the southern part of the Polish sector of the northern Tethys shelf is described. Detailed sampling of exposures enabled characterization of the full succession of facies and microfacies diversity, documenting the reef evolution. The succession studied represents the maximum development of Upper Jurassic reefs in Poland corresponding to the upper Transversarium and the Bifurcatus zones, and followed by drowning of the carbonate platform in the lower Bimmamatum Zone. The reef succession comprises three types of facies, in which eight important microfacies types were distingushed, reflecting several stages of reef development. Mid-ramp, microbial-sponge frame-reefs represent a transgressive depositional sequence, up to tens of metres thick. A microbial-Crescentiella-ooid and ooid-intraclast-bioclast facies form numerous, decimetre- to metre-scale, sequences corresponding to higher-order, transgressive/regressive sea level changes. These facies represent a mid-inner ramp setting when sedimentation was dominated by bioclasts and non-skeletal grains (mainly ooids, oncoids, aggregate grains and intraclasts). The grains were stabilized by microbialites and cemented in early diagenesis, which created grain-dominated, microbial-cement supported reefs. As a result, both the mid-ramp, microbial-sponge frame-reefs and the shallow-water, grain-dominated, microbial-cement supported reefs form extensive, strongly lithified Oxfordian reef complexes in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland.

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Microbial laminites with coprolites from Upper Jurassic carbonate buildups (Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, Poland)

Kochman A., Matyszkiewicz J.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2012

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Vol. 82, No. 4

331–-347

EN

The Upper Oxfordian microbial-sponge agglutinated to open-frame reef complex of the Zegarowe Crags in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland originated upon an elevation of the Late Jurassic stable northern shelf of the Tethys. This elevation was formed, owing to a local decrease in subsidence rate during Jurassic time, induced by the presence of a Palaeozoic granitoid intrusion in the shelf substratum, and Late Jurassic, synsedimentary tectonics, which controlled the topography of the sea bottom. The Zegarowe Crags (Skały Zegarowe) complex at the top contains microbial laminites, composed of peloidal and agglutinated stromatolites, and intercalations of grainstones with indeterminable, favrenoid coprolites, occurring in large numbers. The development of stromatolites was associated with low nutrient availability. In contrast, the periodic activity of crabs, the main producers of the coprolites, forming the coprolitic grainstone intercalations, indicates periods, when nutrients were abundant in the sea water. The nutrinets most likely were associated with the occurrence of clouds of suspended matter, induced by gravity flows, generated by active, synsedimentary tectonics. The results of isotopic studies do not support the presence of warm, mineralizing solutions, connected with synsedimentary tectonics during development of the Zegarowe Crags complex in the Late Jurassic.

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Facies and depositional environments of the Nida Gypsum deposits (Middle Miocene, Carpathian Foredeep, southern Poland)

Bąbel M.

Kwartalnik Geologiczny

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1999

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Vol. 43, Nr 4

405-428

EN

Seven facies (five primary and two diagenetic) and 12 subfacies are distinguished within the Nida Gypsum deposits which are a part of the widespread Middle Miocene (Badenian) evaporites of the Carpathian Foredeep cropping out in vicinity of Busko in southern Poland. Facies are defined as products of specific mechanisms of evaporitic deposition: syntaxial bottom growth of gypsum crystals, microbial gypsum deposition (mainly gypsification of organic mats), mechanical deposition and diagenetic and weathering processes. Primary facies and subfacies, and their uncommon sedimentary structures (such as: up to 3.5 m high bottom-grown gypsum crystals, several metres high selenitic domes, gypsum stromatolite domes, halite-solution collapse breccias) record a varied shallow water (0-5 m) evaporitic environment, controlled mainly by depth, salinity and climate.

PL

W badeńskich gipsach Ponidzia wyróżniono 6 facji siarczanowych: gipsy szklicowe, rumosze kryształów gipsu, gipsy trawiaste, szablaste, mikrokrystaliczne, porfiroblastyczne i jedna fację węglanową. W obrębie 5 pierwszych facji wyróżniono 12 subfacji i scharakteryzowano środowiska ich sedymentacji, które w większości są typowe dla płytkiego, okresowo wynurzanego zbiornika ewaporacyjnego. Facje zdefiniowano jako produkty kilku podstawowych mechanizmów depozycyjnych (por. E.Mutti, F.Ricci Lucchi, 1975), m.in. takich jak: (I) syntaksjalny wzrost dużych kryształów gipsu wprost na dnie basenu (gipsy szklicowe, trawiaste i szablaste), (II) mikrobialną (sensu R.V.Burne, L.S.Moore, 1987) depozycję drobnokrystalicznego gipsu, głównie poprzez gipsyfikację mat organicznych (gipsy trawiaste), (III) depozycję mechaniczną (gipsy mikrokrystaliczne), obejmującą opadanie i osiadanie drobnych kryształów gipsu wytrąconych w tonu wodnej, oraz redepozycję osadu gipsowego. Zróżnicowanie facjalne gipsów Ponidzia wynika przede wszystkim z wahań zasolenia i głębokości basenu oraz wilgotności klimatu.