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Pochodzenie wód i gazów występujących w utworach karbonu kopalni „Pniówek”

Pluta I.

Przegląd Górniczy

2011

T. 67, nr 12

52--56

W publikacji przedstawiono rozpoznanie genezy wód i gazów występujących w utworach karbonu kopalni „Pniówek” na podstawie badań ich składu chemicznego i izotopowego. W utworach głębszego karbonu znajdują się wody pochodzące z opadów, które przebiegały, jak się przypuszcza, w etapie infiltracyjnym trzeciego (III) cyklu hydrogeologicznego, głównie w okresie wczesnego permu (czerwonego spągowca) oraz gazy powstałe w procesach termogenicznych podczas uwęglania węgla. W utworach karbonu przy stropie, często spękanych, zeszczelinowanych, przeobrażonych wietrzeniowo lub/i termicznie nastąpiło mieszanie tych wód z solankami morskimi miocenu. Procesowi temu towarzyszyły, jak należy przypuszczać, przepływy wód i gazów, a także mikroorganizmów związanymi z procesami metanogenezy. W przystropowych utworach karbonu stwierdzono biogeniczny metan powstały w efekcie redukcji dwutlenku węgla.

The publication presents the recognition of the genesis of waters and gases occurring in Carboniferous system formations of the “Pniówek” mine on the basis of their chemical and isotopic composition. In formations of the deeper Carboniferous system occur waters originating from precipitations which run, as it is supposed, at the infiltration stage of the third (III) hydrogeological cycle, mainly in the early Permian period (underlying red) and gases originated in thermogenic processes during coal carbonization. In Carboniferous system formations, at the roof, frequently cracked, fractured, transformed by weathering or/and thermically, followed mixing of these waters with Miocene sea brines. This process was accompanied, as it should be supposed, by flows of waters and gases as well as microorganisms associated with methanogenesis processes. In the roof Carboniferous system formations has been ascertained biogenic methane arisen as the effect of carbon dioxide reduction.

Origin of natural gases in the autochthonous Miocene strata of the Ukrainian Carpathian Foredeep and its Mesozoic basement

Kotarba M. J., Koltun Y. V.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

2011

Vol. 81, No 3

425-441

Methane concentrations in natural gases accumulated in the Lower and Upper Badenian and Lower Sarmatian reservoirs of the Bilche-Volytsia Unit in the western part of the Ukrainian Carpathian Foredeep usually exceed 96 vol%. Methane was generated by microbial reduction of carbon dioxide in the marine environment. Microbial methane and ethane were produced mainly during sedimentation of Miocene clays and muds. It is possible that this microbial process continues today. Higher light hydrocarbons (ethane in part, and mainly propane, butanes and pentanes) were generated during the diagenesis and the initial stage of the low-temperature, thermogenic processes from Type III and III/II kerogen deposited in Miocene strata and/or Middle and Upper Jurassic basement rocks. Limited variations in the values of geochemical hydrocarbon indices and stable isotope ratios of methane, ethane and propane with the depth indicate similar gas generation conditions within the whole Miocene succession. The microbial gases (methane and partly ethane) generated during microbial processes within the Miocene strata later migrated to the Upper Jurassic and the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) reservoirs of the Mesozoic basement, and to the bottommost Lower Badenian reservoirs of the analysed Letnia, Orkhovychi, Rudky and Vereshchytsia fields. The low hydrogen concentrations within the Miocene strata as well as within the Upper Jurassic and the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) reservoirs of the Mesozoic basement, and within the bottommost Lower Badenian reservoirs are also related to microbial processes. Carbon dioxide and nitrogen, which are common minor constituents, were generated by both microbial and low-temperature thermogenic processes. Moreover, CO2 also underwent secondary processes, mainly dissolution in water, during migration. At least part of the nitrogen accumulated in the Rudky field, which is remarkably high in N2 (96.9 vol%), is probably of atmospheric origin and was introduced to the reservoir by secondary recovery methods.