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Microbiome dynamics modeling and analysis in relation to spatio-temporal changes in physicochemical conditions of the water ecosystem

Woźnica Andrzej, Kwaśniewski Mirosław, Chwiałkowska Karolina, Łozowski Bartosz, Absalon Damian, Libera Marcin, Krzyżowski Michał, Babczyńska Agnieszka

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2022

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Vol. 48, no. 1

18--30

EN

In this paper, we consider the development of reliable tools to assess the water quality and state of aquatic ecosystems in dynamic conditions a crucial need to address. One of such tools could be devised by monitoring the taxonomic structure of reservoirs’ microbiomes. Microbial taxa’s ecological and metabolic characteristics suggest their essential roles in maintaining the water ecosystem’s environmental equilibrium. The study aimed to explain the role of diversity and seasonal variability of the microbial communities in the ecosystem stability on the example of Goczałkowice Reservoir (Poland). The structure of the reservoir microbiome was studied using bioinformatics and modeling techniques. Water was sampled periodically in July & November 2010, and April 2011 at four representative sites. The abundance and relative fraction of the limnetic taxonomic units were determined in respect to the physicochemical indices. Significant seasonal variations in the number of operational taxonomic units (OTU) were observed within the reservoir basin’s main body but not at the main tributary’s mouth. The highest values of the correlation coefficients between OTU and physicochemical variables were obtained for Burkholderiales, Pseudoanabenales, Rickettsiales, Roseiflexales, Methylophilales, Actinomycetales, and Cryptophyta. These microorganisms are proposed as indicators of environmental conditions and water quality. Metataxonomic analyses of the freshwater microbiome in the reservoir, showed that microorganisms constitute conservative communities that undergo seasonal and local changes regarding the relative participation of the identified taxa. Therefore, we propose that monitoring those variations could provide a reliable measure of the state of aquatic ecosystems.

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Soil Redox Potential and its Impact on Microorganisms and Plants of Wetlands

Tokarz E., Urban D.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 16, nr 3

20--30

EN

Although peatlands cover only 3% of the Earth’s surface, they constitute a huge reservoir of carbon. It is estimated that they accumulate one third of carbon contained in all types of soils worldwide. Therefore, knowledge of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of peat is important for prevention of peat degradation and release of carbon stored as CO2 into the atmosphere. In organic soils, water plays a very important role as a protective factor against mineralisation of organic matter. Therefore, organic soils are characterised by high specificity and dissimilarity from mineral soils. The hydrological factor induces a variety of changes in the physical and chemical properties, e.g. low redox potential or low oxygen content in soil pores. Many soil processes are determined by the soil oxygenation status, which can be measured with various indicators as well as direct and indirect measurements. One of the indirect methods is measurement of the redox potential. The oxidation-reduction potential (redox potential or Eh) is a measure of the ratio of oxidised to reduced forms in a solution. This parameter is inextricably linked to oxygen supply and the processes of consumption thereof by microorganisms and plant roots. Therefore, the redox potential is used as an indicator of the oxygenation status and the content of biogenic forms and toxins in the soil environment and sediments. In the case of submerged soils, penetration of atmospheric oxygen into the soil is limited due to low rates of oxygen diffusion and, hence, low redox potential, which inhibits plant growth through inhibition of respiration and production of toxins in reducing conditions. The aim of this article is (1) to the show soil-plant-soil microorganism interactions taking place on peatbogs in the context of redox potential, (2) to investigate the responses of plants and soil microorganisms to the changing redox potential, and (3) to demonstrate the mechanisms of plant adaptation to the reducing conditions prevailing in peatbogs.

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Enzymatic fingerprints used for comparison of physiological diversity of microbial communities in clear-water and humic lakes

Siuda W., Jasser I., Kiersztyn B.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2013

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Vol. 61, nr 4

715--728

EN

Extracellular enzymes occurring in aquatic environment are heterogeneous in respect to their origin and function, place, where they are located and their activity. They can be divided into mainly ‘bacterial-origin’ enzymes produced by heterotrophic organisms in order to obtain organic carbon, and mostly ‘phytoplankton-bacterial-origin’ enzymes, which are produced by autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms, and are responsible mainly for obtaining inorganic compounds. Enzymes activity provides information about microorganisms present in given environment and about their physiological state. We hypothesize that the patterns (‘fingerprints’) calculated on the basis of activity of several enzymes both mainly ‘bacterial-origin’ and mainly ‘phytoplankton-bacterial-origin’ may be used to characterise lake ecosystems in terms of the physiological structure of aquatic microorganisms present in these lakes. For the study we selected four lakes from Mazurian Lakes District in north-eastern Poland. Three of them were clear-water (lakes: Kuc, Mikołajskie, Tałtowisko) and ranged from oligotrophy to eutrophy, the fourth (Lake Smolak Duży) was slightly acidic (pH 5.2), highly productive and polyhumic. Activity of phosphatase (PA), L-leucine-aminopeptidase (AMP), β-glucosidase (B-Glu), esterase (EST), glucosaminidase (Glu-ami), glucuronidase (Glu-uro) and cellobiohydrolase (Cellob) were measured fluorometrically. The results were normalised and analysis of agglomerative clustering was performed to create an enzyme activity patterns characteristic for lakes. We found out that the enzymatic pattern reflected trophic differences between studied lakes. The patterns (‘fingerprints’) of enzymes were similar for three clear-water lakes, with urease (U–ase), AMP and EST dominating the overall enzymatic activity, but differed substantially for polyhumic lake, in which considerably high PA and saccharolytic enzyme activities were observed. We conclude that the analysis of enzymatic ‘fingerprints’ can be a useful tool to characterise lakes with respect to their trophic status and physiological diversity of microbial assemblages associated with each particular lake.

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Geomicrobiology of Acid Mine Drainage in the weathering zone of pyrite-bearing schists in the Rudawy Janowickie Mountains (Poland)

Borkowski A., Parafiniuk J., Wolicka D., Kowalczyk P.

Geological Quarterly

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2013

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Vol. 57, No. 4

601–-612

EN

This paper presents the geomicrobiological analysis of acid water reservoirs and Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) developed in the weathering zone of pyrite-bearing schists near the closed-down pyrite mine in Wieściszowice (south-western Poland). The analysis was focused on two reservoirs characterized by different physical and chemical properties (pH, redox potential, content of sulphates and heavy metals). The study is the first thorough report on the geomicrobiological relationships taking place in the AMD setting in Wieściszowice and enables a description of the microbiological processes that significantly influence biogeochemical cycles of sulfur and iron in the analyzed water reservoirs. The reservoir water also harbors numerous big, organized microbial structures in the form of streamers. Samples of these structures were studied in detail using optical and electron microscopy, as well as microbiological cultivation and molecular methods. According to the obtained results, the slime streamers from the Wieściszowice mine are characterized by the co-occurrence of typical chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms oxidizing sulphur and iron together with sulphate reducing bacteria. The presence of these structures probably depends on the occurrence of iron (II) in the surrounding environment.