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Microbiological Quality of Indoor and Outdoor Air in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant – A Case Study

Staszowska Amelia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2022

Vol. 23, nr 2

185--190

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been recognized as a source of odors and microbial pathogens to the outdoor air. The results of many studies revealed that high amounts of microorganisms are not only present in the stream of wastewater or sludges but also in the bioaerosols that are generated during the different stages of the wastewater treatment. Hence, possible migration of biological contaminants into the interiors cannot be excluded. However, there is a knowledge gap in an assessment of the microbiological indoor air quality of the facilities located at WWTPs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of outdoor microbial air contamination upon the indoor environment based on the determined outdoor to indoor (O/I) ratios. The sampling of airborne bacteria and fungi was conducted in three replications with the sedimentation and impaction method, during a one-year survey in ten technological and office buildings as well as their vicinity, at the municipal wastewater treatment plant of Lublin (Poland). Moreover, the cleanliness of hand contact surfaces in staff rooms was examined (Rodac plates). Additionally, API identification of bacteria and fungi was carried out. The highest concentration of total bacteria count (3617 CFU/m3) and fungi in bioaerosols (5386 CFU/m3) was detected in the air around the sewage pumping station, close to the aeration tanks. P. fluorescens was found in the air around the grit chamber (78 CFU/m3). The majority of the examined indoor air samples were characterized with different levels of microbiological contamination – from non-polluted to moderately polluted. The number of total bacteria counts ranged from 180 to 4679 CFU/m3. The highest estimated indoor fungi concentration was 4022 CFU/m3. The controlled surfaces were mostly contaminated with the Actinomycetes and Coliform bacteria. No Salmonella sp. were detected. The bacteria from the Enetrobacteriaceae family were commonly isolated from the indoor and outdoor air samples. The obtained data can be used to devise further guidelines facilitating control and management of WWTP to avoid or minimize the staff exposure.

Wentylacja komór bezpiecznej pracy. Cz. 1

Kaiser K.

Rynek Instalacyjny

2012

Nr 10

68-69

W pierwszej części artykułu omówione zostały dygestoria oraz komory I i II klasy czystości mikrobiologicznej. Zaprezentowano m.in. wymagania stawiane komorom wg klasyfikacji MSC oraz BSC. Komory bezpiecznej pracy stosowane są powszechnie w laboratoriach, np. chemicznych czy mikrobiologicznych, a także w pomieszczeniach przygotowania leków i przy pracach wymagających wysokiego stopnia czystości powietrza w obszarze roboczym. Jednym z istotnych elementów mających wpływ na przeznaczenie komory bezpiecznej pracy jest jej wentylacja. W części drugiej artykułu przedstawiono zalecenia dotyczące doboru komór BSC. Ponadto zaprezentowano obowiązujące w Stanach Zjednoczonych wymagania dla komór oraz konieczne testy, jakie należy przeprowadzić w celu zakwalifikowania danej komory do odpowiedniej klasy i typu. Na zakończenie przedstawiono wyniki badań przepływu powietrza i czystości mikrobiologicznej powietrza otrzymanych podczas kontroli działania dwóch komór bezpiecznej pracy będących na wyposażeniu laboratorium.

Fume cupboards and chambers of the I and II microbiological cleanness class are detailed in the first section of the article. Requirements for chambers in accordance with MSC and BSC classification are shown. Safe operation chambers are used in laboratories, e.g. chemical or microbiological, drug preparation facilities and works which require high purity of air in the working area. One of the significant parameters affecting the intended use of the safety chamber is its ventilation. The requirements concerning selection of BSC chambers are shown in he second section of the article. The requirements valid in the US for chambers and required tests to qualify the chamber to a specific class and type are also detailed. The results of test results for air flow and microbiological air cleanness obtained during operation control of two chambers available in the laboratory are presented.