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Method of truck crew work coordination on international routes

Taran Igor, Zhumatayeva Gaziza, Oliskevych Myroslav, Szarata Mateusz

Transport Problems

2024

T. 19, z. 2

205--218

The article deals with the problem of increasing the productivity of trucks in the performance of international road freight transportation in Eastern Europe and the European Union. There are restrictions on cabotage transportation (domestic cabotage), as well as time limits for the execution of orders and penalties for the execution of the entire volume of transportation in this case in addition to the restrictions of the European Agreement E/ECE/TRANS/564. The task of optimizing the required number of vehicles, drivers/driving crews, and route configuration was formulated and solved by mathematical programming with time constraints. At the same time, a variable method of organizing the work of drivers on adjacent routes was applied, by which drivers/crews are not assigned to a specific vehicle but are changed after a certain number of work hours. This minimized the non-productive idling of trucks, ensured compliance with the work and rest regulations of drivers, and minimized truck mileage on routes. In contrast to known methods and research results, the problem is solved with a guaranteed achievement of the optimum in an acceptable search time. This result was achieved due to the appropriate formulation of the solution conditions. The results can be applied in the logistic planning of transport processes.

Konkurencja i kooperacja w europejskim transporcie samochodowym a niemiecka ustawa Milog

Liberadzki B.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Problemy Transportu i Logistyki / Uniwersytet Szczeciński

2015

Nr 29

147--179

[...]W tym artykule chcę zwrócić uwagę na skutki jednostronnego wprowadzenia w Niemczech minimalnej stawki płacy, zaawansowanych prac legislacyjnych we Francji oraz zapowiedzi podobnych rozwiązań w co najmniej kilku następnych państwach. Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest ocena zgodności z prawem unijnym przepisu § 20 niemieckiej ustawy o płacy minimalnej (Mindestlohngesetz – MiLoG)1, nakładającego na polskich przewoźników obowiązek stosowania wobec pracowników świadczących pracę na terenie Niemiec minimalnej stawki wynagrodzenia w wysokości 8,5 euro brutto za godzinę, określonej w przepisie § 1 ust. 2 MiLoG.[...]

The study on application of new German act on minimum rates of pay ('MiLoG') to drivers employed by undertakings from outside of Germany, who perform international carriage or cabotage on the German territory ('Study') brings conclusions that such territorial application of MiLoG is contrary to certain acts of EU law: - Article 56 of Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, - Article 8 of Rome I Regulation, - Article 1 of Directive 96/71/EC concerning the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services, - Article 9 of Regulation (EC) No 1072 on common access to the international road haulage market. The key finding of the Study is that said drivers perform international carriage or cabotage operations on the German territory only on a temporary basis, so they are not workers posted to Germany. These drivers still remain employed by their original employers, and international travels are core feature of the work they conduct for their employers. Thus, Directive 96/71/EC concerning posting of workers does not apply and contracts of employment of these drivers may be examined only on the grounds of Rome I Regulation. This act lays down specific provisions regarding the freedom of choice of law governing the contract of employment but also certain limits of such freedom, applying in particularly where the work is to be conducted in several member states. Court of Justice examined cases of law applicable to employment contracts of lorry drivers (Case C-29/10 Koelzsch v. Luxembourg) and seagoing personnel of merchant navy undertakings (Case C-384/10 Voogsgeerd). Jurisprudence of Court of Justice establishes a sophisticated criteria that has to be examined in each individual case in order to determine the law governing the contract. Therefore, automatic application of MiLoG on territorial basis is contrary to said Regulations and Directive. It is also contrary to the Treaty itself, as it impedes competition on the market and is not proportional. In fact, application of MiLoG on a territorial basis is very likely to have very serious and negative impact on the transport network in EU. Higher costs of labour on the transport corridors running through the German territory may even force out the international carriage from this territory. That would not only raise the overall costs of transport (including raising of CO2 emission) but it would also mean that whole TEN-T network should be reconsidered.