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Cyrkulacja atmosferyczna nad Europą na powierzchni izobarycznej 500 hPa. Cz. 1 Zima

Wibig J.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

1999

Z. 1-2

15-24

To describe circulation fields in winter months the sets of mean monthly values of 500 hPa geopotential heights in grid points over Europe and North Atlantic were transformed into a new sets orthogonal principal components. The principal component analysis together with varimax rotation were used. Maps of correlation coefficients between a few most important components and original time series present circulation types. Four types present in all months were distinguished. There were the NAO, the scandinavian, the east-european and the blocking type. Also one type present only in December - the east-atlantic one - was distinguished. The NAO type is represented by dipol with one centre of high negative correlations over subpolar region of Atlanitc and the second centre of high positive correlations over subtropical Atlantic. It is closely connected with activities of Icelandic Low and Azorian High, which is confirmed by strong correlations with NAO index by Hurrell (1996). Dipol is also characteristic for east-european type with one centre of correlations over East Europe near Black Sea and the second one over West Europe or British Isles. Remaining type are represented by singular centres of high correlations; in scandinavian type it is over northern part of Scandinavian Peninsula, in blocking type it is over Central Europe and in east Atlantic type it is over eastern part of North Atlantic.

Cyrkulacja atmosferyczna nad Europą na powierzchni izobarycznej 500 hPa. Cz. 2 Wiosna, lato, jesień

Wibig J.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

1999

Z. 1-2

25-38

To describe circulation fields the sets of mean monthly values of 500 hPa geopotential heights in grid points over Europe and North Atlantic were transformed into a new sets of orthogonal principal components. The principal component analysis together with varimax rotation were used. Maps of correlation coefficients between a few most important components and original time series were interpreted as circulation types. Six types were distinguished. Three of them: the NAO, the scandinavian and the east-european type, are present in all months of spring, summer and fall. Next two - east-atlantic and blocking type - are on maps in eight months (the east-atlantic type is absent in June and the blocking one is absent in August). The mediterranean type is characteristic for warm months from June to September. During cold season the NAO type is represented by dipol with one centre of high negative correlations over subpolar region of Atlantic andthe second centre of high positive correlations over subtropical Atlantic. In spring and summer the correlation coefficients over subtropical Atlantic are much lower, so at figure 7 can be seen only the region of high correlations near Greenland. Type NAO is closely connected with activities of Icelndic Low and Azorian High, which is confirmed by strong correlations with NAO index by Hurrell (1996). Dipol is also characteristic for east-european type with one centre of correlations over East Europe near Black Sea and the second one over West Europe or British Isles. Remaining type are represented by singular centres of high correlations; in scandinavian type it is over northern part of Scandinavian Peninsula, in blocking type it is over Central Europe, in east Atlantic type it is over eastern part of North Atlantic.(in some months there is a second region of high correlation coefficients of opposite sign over Adriatic Sea) and in mediterranean type over southern Europe.