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In the paper, the two-dimensional numerical modelling of heat transfer in thin metal films irradiated by ultrashort laser pulses using the D2Q9 scheme is considered. In the mathematical description, the relaxation times and the boundary conditions for phonons and electrons are given as interval numbers. The problem has been formulated using the interval coupled lattice Boltzmann equations for electrons and phonons. The solution has been obtained by means of the interval lattice Boltzmann method using the rules of directed interval arithmetic. Examples of numerical computations are presented in the final part of the paper.
EN
Deep bed filtration is an effective method of submicron and micron particle removal from the fluid stream. There is an extensive body of literature regarding particle deposition in filters, often using the classical continuum approach. However, the approach is not convenient for studying the influence of particle deposition on filter performance (filtration efficiency, pressure drop) when non-steady state boundary conditions have to be introduced. For the purposes of this work the lattice-Boltzmann model describes fluid dynamics, while the solid particle motion is modeled by the Brownian dynamics. For aggregates the effect of their structure on displacement is taken into account. The possibility of particles rebound from the surface of collector or reentrainment of deposits to fluid stream is calculated by energy balanced oscillatory model derived from adhesion theory. The results show the evolution of filtration efficiency and pressure drop of filters with different internal structure described by the size of pores. The size of resuspended aggregates and volume distribution of deposits in filter were also analyzed. The model enables prediction of dynamic filter behavior. It can be a very useful tool for designing filter structures which optimize maximum lifetime with the acceptable values of filtration efficiency and pressure drop.
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