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EN
Purpose: The paper aims to assess the variation in the environmental quality of life in Poland's voivodships in 2021. The study uses indicators to monitor the links between the natural environment and society. They indicate how environmental conditions affect the quality of life and well-being of the population. Design/methodology/approach: The study used one of the taxonomic methods - the TOPSIS method, based on which the voivodships were divided into four classes characterised by similar levels of environmental quality of life. Findings: The study results showed that Podkarpackie, Lubuskie, Małopolskie and Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodships, characterised by high natural values and relatively low environmental impact ratios compared to other voivodships and the national average, were in the best group due to the environmental quality of life. The last places belonged to the Pomorskie, Opolskie, Łódzkie and Śląskie Voivodships. Most of them are industrial, which means that the indicators of environmental impact, especially air pollution and collected waste, are relatively high and exceed the national average. Social implications: The research results presented in the article may be useful for the diagnosis of current results and the revision of the environmental policy of the entire country as well as their individual regions in the future. Originality/value: The article fits into contemporary debates on the effectiveness of implementing the concept of green economy as a tool for sustainable development.
EN
Sustainable development is about creating a balance between development and environment, and it consists of three essential principles: environment, society, and economy. Today, one of the most important challenges in deep open pit mines is the transition from open pit to underground, which has positive and negative impacts on sustainable development indexes. In order to reduce these adverse impacts, the impact of various parts of the transition operation on these indexes should be evaluated, and corrective and preventive measures should be implemented. In this study, using a hybrid semi-quantitative approach, for the first time, various factors, and conditions during the transition from open pit to underground mining, and the sustainable indexes (economic, social, and environmental) sub-criteria affected by these factors and conditions were identified. After identifying various factors, conditions, and sustainable indexes sub-criteria, the positive and negative effects of various factors of the transition from open pit to underground mining on sustainable development indexes were evaluated. The obtained results showed that the transition in the Songun copper mine has the greatest impact on the economic index of sustainable development, with a value of 67.72 percent. In addition, the amount of impact of transition in this mine on the environmental and social index is 41.74 and 39.84 percent, respectively. In the meantime, the most significant impact was determined on components such as production rate and productivity, mine life, operation and capital cost, mineral value and income per ton of ore, mine closure (and reclamation) cost, Initial investment rate of returns, post-mining land use type.
EN
Road construction has been an ongoing engineering practice throughout human history. Although road construction technologies have changed over time, the raw material used has not changed for centuries, and it seems that it will not change in the upcoming centuries. Although some standards are used to determine the aggregate quality in road construction works, it is often complex and laborious to identify the aggregates that best meet the standards. Long-lasting and high-quality roads can be built and the most suitable aggregate is selected for the road. This study aims to select the most suitable aggregates used in hot-mix asphalt pavement production for road construction. In this study, multi-criteria decision-making methods were used for the selection of the aggregate that provides the best conditions. Aggregates used in constructing roads within the provincial borders of Ankara are produced from six stone quarries. To rank these aggregates and determine the ideal quarry for hot-mix asphalt production, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method, which are multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods, were used. The results obtained from the tests on aggregates and hot-mix asphalts (HMA) were compared with the the best results based on the maximum and minimum limits determined in the standards. By comparing the the best results of the standards with the test results of the aggregates, weight scores were made for each test. Weight scores were scored and classified using the AHP and TOPSIS multi-criteria decision-making methods. As a result, the aggregate with the highest score and the quarry area represented by the aggregate were determined as the most suitable for hot-mix asphalt construction.
PL
Budowa dróg była stałą praktyką inżynierską w całej historii ludzkości. Choć technologie budowy dróg zmieniały się na przestrzeni dziejów, to stosowany surowiec nie zmienia się od wieków i wydaje się, że nie zmieni się w kolejnych stuleciach. Chociaż niektóre normy są stosowane do określania jakości kruszyw w robotach drogowych, to często skomplikowane i pracochłonne jest uszeregowanie kruszyw spełniających te normy. Trwałe i wysokiej jakości drogi można budować przy użyciu najodpowiedniejszego kruszywa dobranego do drogi. Niniejsze opracowanie ma na celu wybór najodpowiedniejszych kruszyw do produkcji nawierzchni asfaltowych na gorąco do budowy dróg. W niniejszym badaniu zastosowano wielokryterialne metody decyzyjne do wyboru agregatu, który zapewnia najlepsze warunki. Kruszywa wykorzystywane do budowy dróg w granicach prowincji Ankary produkowane są w sześciu kamieniołomach. Aby uszeregować te agregaty i określić idealny kamieniołom do produkcji gorącej mieszanki asfaltowej, zostały użyte: analityczny proces hierarchiczny (AHP) i technika preferencji zamówień na podstawie podobieństwa do metody idealnego rozwiązania (TOPSIS), które są metodami wielokryterialnego podejmowania decyzji (MCDM). Wyniki uzyskane z badań kruszyw i asfaltów na gorąco (HMA) porównano z najlepszymi wynikami wynikającymi z maksymalnych i minimalnych limitów określonych w normach. Porównując najlepsze wyniki wzorców z wynikami testów agregatów, dla każdego testu wykonano oceny wagowe. Oceny wagowe zostały ocenione i sklasyfikowane przy użyciu wielokryterialnych metod podejmowania decyzji, AHP i TOPSIS. W rezultacie kruszywo z najwyższą punktacją i obszar kamieniołomu reprezentowany przez kruszywo zostały uznane za najbardziej odpowiednie do budowy gorących mieszanek mineralno-asfaltowych.
EN
Poland’s achievement of sustainable development goals, including environmental goals, requires substantial financial outlays and the necessity of incurring high expenditures by, among others, local government units (LGU). The article focuses on green investment expenditures incurred by LGU budgets. The aim is to identify and diagnose the spatial variation of these expenditures in the context of sustainable development goals and the new taxonomy for classifying economic activities as environmentally sustainable. The added value of the article is: first, to identify the structure of green investment expenditures of LGU according to the new EU taxonomy, which enables it to show their changes in the context of sustainable development goals, and second, to conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of these expenditures, including all cities with county rights and municipalities, divided into urban, rural and urban-rural types in Poland into three periods: 2004-2006, 2007-2013 and 2014-2020. The study, carried out using the TOPSIS method, showed a wide variation in the level of green investment expenditures made from the budgets of local government units.
PL
Osiągnięcie przez Polskę celów rozwoju zrównoważonego, w tym środowiskowych, wymaga ogromnych nakładów finansowych i konieczności ponoszenia wysokich kosztów, m.in. przez jednostki samorządu terytorialnego (JST). W artykule skupiono się na zielonych wydatkach majątkowych dokonywanych z budżetów JST. Celem jest identyfikacja i diagnoza przestrzennego zróżnicowania tych wydatków w kontekście celów rozwoju zrównoważonego i nowej taksonomii klasyfikowania działalności gospodarczej jako zrównoważonej środowiskowo. Wartością dodaną artykułu jest: po pierwsze – zidentyfikowanie struktury zielonych wydatków majątkowych JST według nowej taksonomii UE, co umożliwia wskazanie ich zmian w kontekście celów rozwoju zrównoważonego, po drugie – przeprowadzenie kompleksowej analizy porównawczej tych wydatków z uwzględnieniem wszystkich miast na prawach powiatu oraz gmin, z podziałem na miejskie, wiejskie i miejsko-wiejskie w Polsce w trzech okresach: 2004-2006, 2007-2013 i 2014-2020. Badanie przeprowadzone metodą TOPSIS, wykazało duże zróżnicowanie poziomu zielonych wydatków majątkowych dokonywanych z budżetów JST.
EN
Endurance capability is a key indicator to evaluate the performance of electric vehicles. Improving the energy density of battery packs in a limited space while ensuring the safety of the vehicle is one of the currently used technological solutions. Accordingly, a small space and high energy density battery arrangement scheme is proposed in this paper. The comprehensive performance of two battery packs based on the same volume and different space arrangements is compared. Further, based on the same thermal management system (PCM-fin system), the thermal performance of staggered battery packs with high energy density is numerically simulated with different fin structures, and the optimal fin structure parameters for staggered battery packs at a 3C discharge rate are determined using the entropy weight-TOPSIS method. The result reveals that increasing the contact thickness between the fin and the battery (X) can reduce the maximum temperature, but weaken temperature homogeneity. Moreover, the change of fin width (A) has no significant effect on the heat dissipation performance of the battery pack. Entropy weight-TOPSIS method objectively assigns weights to both maximum temperature (Tmax) and temperature difference (DT) and determines the optimal solution for the cooling system fin parameters. It is found that when X = 0:67 mm, A = 0:6 mm, the staggered battery pack holds the best comprehensive performance.
EN
Objective evaluation in problems considering many, often conflicting criteria is challenging for the decision-maker. This paper presents an approach based on MCDA methods to objectify evaluations in the camera selection problem. The proposed approach includes three MCDA methods, TOPSIS, VIKOR, COMET, and two criterion weighting techniques. Two ranking similarity coefficients were used to compare the resulting rankings of the alternatives: WS and rw. The performed research confirmed the importance of the appropriate selection of multi-criteria decision-making methods for the solved problem and the relevance of comparative analysis in method selection and construction of objective rankings of alternatives.
7
Content available Smart City index based on topsis method
EN
Purpose: The construction of rankings is an important element of city assessment consistent with the Smart City concept. New rankings appear periodically. New sets of variables or concepts for ranking are proposed. The article is part of this trend. Design/methodology/approach: The article combines the hierarchical structure of areas and indicators used in Smart City assessment with the concept of multidimensional assessment of facilities using the TOPSIS method. Findings: Assessment of the possibility of using the presented method to evaluate both individual areas of the city operation combined with an overall assessment. Originality/value: The most important achievement of this article is the proposal of the concept of city evaluation using the TOPSIS (SCI2T) method. An assessment of selected cities based on the proposed method is also presented.
8
Content available Linear ordering of cities in the smart city concept
EN
Purpose: Linear ordering is an important issue for evaluating multi-attribute objects. The issue of assessing cities in the context of their rating in the light of the smart city concept is a linear programming issue. The primary purpose of the article is to report the results of linear ordering obtained based on different methods and to present comparative analyses. Design/methodology/approach: The data presented in the article are based on EUROSTAT. It refers to indicators characterising selected European capitals. Findings: Based on the indicators selected from the database, the ranking of cities is determined based on the presented methods. The results obtained were used for benchmarking. Originality/value: The most significant value of the work is the benchmarking that was carried out. The analysis proved that the TOPSIS method showed that the result obtained was similar to that obtained by SCI.
PL
Analiza fundamentalna wykorzystywana do oceny spółki, w szczególności spółki giełdowej, zakłada uwzględnienie odpowiedniego czasu, z którego powinno się zaczerpnąć dane. Posługując się w tej ocenie wskaźnikami fundamentalnymi oraz rynkowymi, można się wspomóc metodą wielokryterialną. Określenie wartości uwzględnianych wskaźników za okres dłuższy niż dane są podawane implikuje odpowiednie ich przeliczenie. W artykule zaproponowano sposób, w którym do omawianego zagadnienia podchodzi się jak do problemu rozmytego – w sugerowanym ujęciu oceny kryterialne traktowane są jak trójkątne liczby rozmyte.
EN
The application of fundamental analysis for evaluation of a company, especially a quoted one, requires taking into account the historical data from a proper time (three to five years). To support the problem for evaluation of companies with the use of fundamental and market indicators we may regard multi-criteria methods. Determining the indicators’ values for the period e.g. of three years, we can use some proper techniques of calculating them. The article presents an approach of regarding the considered issue like a fuzzy problem with triangular fuzzy numbers.
EN
Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) process with copper tool electrode is used to investigate the machining characteristics of AISI D2 tool steel material. The multi-wall carbon nanotube is mixed with dielectric fluids and its end characteristics like surface roughness, fractal dimension and metal removal rate (MRR) are analysed. In this EDM process, regression model is developed to predict surface roughness. The collection of experimental data is by using L9 Orthogonal Array. This study investigates the optimization of EDM machining parameters for AISI D2 Tool steel using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and F-test are used to check the validity of the regression model and to determine the significant parameter affecting the surface roughness. Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is used to capture the machined image at micro size and using spectroscopy software the surface roughness and fractal dimensions are analysed. Later, the parameters are optimized using MINITAB 15 software, and regression equation is compared with the actual measurements of machining process parameters. The developed mathematical model is further coupled with Genetic Algorithm (GA) to determine the optimum conditions leading to the minimum surface roughness value of the workpiece.
PL
Badania charakterystyk obróbki materiału ze stali narzędziowej AISI D2 przeprowadzono w procesie obróbki elektroiskrowej (EDM) z miedzianą elektrodą narzędziową. Zastosowano wielościenną nanorurkę węglową w połączeniu z płynami dielektrycznymi. Analizowano parametry charakteryzujące wynik procesu, takie jak chropowatość powierzchni, wymiary fraktalne i szybkość usuwania metalu. Opracowano model regresyjny procesu EDM pozwalający przewidzieć chropowatość powierzchni. Dane eksperymentalne zebrano w tablicy ortogonalnej L9. Do badania optymalizacji parametrów procesu EDM zastosowano wielokryterialną metodę TOPSIS. Stosując metodę analizy wariancji ANOVA i test F sprawdzano prawidłowość modelu regresyjnego i wyznaczono parametry wpływające istotnie na chropowatość powierzchni. Obrazy powierzchni obrabianych zarejestrowano w mikroskali stosując mikroskopię sił atomowych (AFM), a chropowatości powierzchni i wymiary fraktalne analizowano używając oprogramowania do spektroskopii. W kolejnym etapie parametry te były optymalizowane przy pomocy oprogramowania MINITAB 15, a równania regresji porównywane z wynikami rzeczywistych pomiarów parametrów procesu obróbki. Opracowany model matematyczny został następnie sprzężony z algorytmem genetycznym (GA) by określić warunki optymalne prowadzące do minimalizacji szorstkości powierzchni obrabianego elementu.
11
Content available remote Improving Optical Lens Processing Parameter Design by Integrating AHP and TOPSIS
EN
Optical lenses are an integral component of optical information and optical-electric systems. Using PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) as the material for making plastic optical lenses, this study integrated AHP (analytic hierarchy process), TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) and the Taguchi quality engineering parameter design to find the optimization processing parameters that could provide effective control of the entire process. The results suggested that the proposed method could indeed achieve the optimized optical lens processing parameters.
PL
Do produkcji tworzyw sztucznych soczewek korzysta się z PMMA (polimetakrylan metylu) jako materiału. W artykule opisano proces optymalizacji projektowania i produkcji soczewek wykorzystujący model AHP (proces analityczny hierarchii) oraz TOPSIS (technika preferencji). Wyniki sugerują, że proponowana metoda rzeczywiście może osiągnąć optymalne parametry optyczne przetwarzanie obiektywu.
EN
In today's world where intensive competition exists between enterprises, it is of great importance to work in cooperation with the right suppliers. Selection of the right suppliers is a significant factor in the success of enterprises. In the selection of the best supplier (s), the strengths and weaknesses of potential suppliers should be taken into consideration. Many qualitative and quantitative criteria are included in this selection process as well as the decision-maker. One of the issues that leaves the decision maker in a difficult position is selecting the most appropriate one from the alternatives available, as traditional methods may not produce a realistic solution in this process. However, multicriteria decision making methods facilitate the process of finding a solution and enable decision makers to reach the right decisions. In this study, the fuzzy TOPSIS method, which is one of the multi-criteria decision making methods, is used in this problem area to select the most appropriate supplier of garment 'X' operating in Turkey. It is detected through analyses conducted in line with the results obtained. The ranking of the three supplier firms determined by firm X are as follows in terms of closeness index values: supplier 1, supplier 3 and supplier 2.
PL
Dla uzyskania powodzenia w prowadzeniu przedsiębiorstw bardzo ważna jest współpraca z odpowiednimi dostawcami. Decyduje o tym szereg kryteriów, które powinny być wzięte pod uwagę. Wybór oparty na tradycyjnych metodach analizy może być trudny i zawodny, dletego też zaproponowano nową multikryterialną metodę doboru opartą na analizie zbiorów rozmytych. Analizę porównawczą przeprowadzono porównując trzech zróżnicowanych dostawców.
PL
Ponieważ znalezienie odpowiedniego rozwiązania zadania optymalizacji niezawodnościowej przy wykorzystaniu metod programowania matematycznego uznaje się za trudne, coraz częściej stosuje się do tego celu metody heurystyczne. Algorytm genetyczny do optymalizacji wielokryterialnej (Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm, MGA) jest jedną z metod heurystycznych, stworzoną w celu znajdowania rozwiązań dla systemów szeregowo-równoległych, pozwalającą na uzyskanie maksymalnej niezawodności oraz minimalnych kosztów i ciężaru na poziomie systemu. Zadania takie występują powszechnie w dziedzinie projektowania i konstrukcji systemów mechanicznych i elektrycznych. Wykazano, że MGA pozwala uzyskać odpowiednie rozwiązania tego typu zadań uwzględniając przy tym funkcje celu, takie jak niezawodność, koszty i ciężar. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono połączenie metody wyszukiwania probabilistycznego oraz jednej z metod rozwiązywania problemów decyzyjnych o nazwie TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution). MGA pozwala uzyskać odpowiednie rozwiązania konstrukcyjne dając przy tym znaczną oszczędność czasu w porównaniu z niektórymi innymi metodami. Jednocześnie potraktowanie kosztów i ciężaru jako funkcji celu daje lepsze wyniki w porównaniu do metody wykorzystującej algorytm genetyczny, w której koszty i ciężar rozpatrywane są jako ograniczenia.
EN
Since developing an appropriate solution for reliability optimization problem with mathematical programming methods has been considered as difficult techniques, the heuristic approaches increasingly has been applied. Multiobjectve Genetic Algorithm (MGA) has been among heuristic methods that was developed to find solutions for series-parallel systems to obtain maximum reliability, and minimum cost and weight at the system level. These are very common problems in engineering design such as mechanical and electrical systems. It has been shown that the Multiobjectve Genetic Algorithm offers proper results to these problems while it respects to the several objective functions such as reliability, cost and weight. This paper presents the combination of probabilistic search, and one of the decision making methods called Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The Multiobjectve Genetic Algorithm, allows us to achieve a proper design solution while it saves a considerable time compared with some other approaches. At the same time as the reliability, cost and weight were chosen as objective functions, the results obtained by this method showed an overall improvement in comparison to the existing GA method considering cost and weight as constraints.
EN
There are several methods to solve multiple attribute decision making cases. These can be also used for evaluation of enterprises based simultaneously on several different criteria. This paper presents an application of the TOPSIS method for evaluation of power distribution companies. To verification of the proposed method of multiple attribute decision making was based on the data from financial reports of distribution companies.
15
Content available remote Risk evaluation of tunneling projects
EN
Tunneling industry has seen great advancements in underground construction projects. Now, it has significant difference with the last two decades. In many times, tunneling projects find themselves involved in the situation where unexpected conditions threaten the continuation of project. Managers always look for a reliable technique to overcome limitations of finance and time. TOPSIS method is widely used to solve multi criteria decision making (MADM) problems. This technique assigns the best alternative among a pool of feasible alternatives. Furthermore, due to inherent uncertainties in tunneling, using fuzzy logic in order to take into account these uncertainties can be useful. In addition, new factors are introduced to promote the accuracy of risk analysis. Finally, a real world case study is presented to show the effectiveness and the accuracy of the new risk evaluation model. The results demonstrated that collapse is the riskiest parameter in Ghomroud water conveyance tunneling project.
16
Content available remote TOPSIS and fuzzy multi-objective model integration for supplier selection problem
EN
Purpose: The problem includes the three objective functions: minimizing the total cost, the net rejected items and the inverse total value of purchasing (TVP), while satisfying capacity and demand requirement constraints. Design/methodology/approach: The model is established for supplier selection problem and later the proposed single objective model is used to calculate the optimum order quantities among the selected suppliers. A numerical example is given to illustrate how the model is applied. Findings: In this article, we proposed a single objective function to solve the fuzzy multi-item multi-objective model in order to calculate the optimum order quantities to each supplier. Practical implications: Single objective function, which is able to consider the relative importance of the goals, is proposed to solve the model. A numerical example is given to illustrate how the model is applied. Originality/value: This approach is able to help the DM evaluate the suppliers in order to find out the appropriate order to each them, and allows purchasing manager(s) to manage supply chain performance on service, cost, quality and etc. the suppliers price breaks, which depend on the sizes of order quantities, affects the selection process.
PL
W niniejszym artykule przedstawiona została modyfikacja klasycznej metody TOFS1S, umożliwiająca dokonanie najbardziej preferowanego przez decydentów wyboru, spośród wielu rozpatrywanych alternatyw w sytuacji, gdy wydajność każdej z nich względem odpowiednich kryteriów oceny wyrażona jest w postaci wartości rozmytych.
EN
Multi-criteria decision making is a process of finding the best solution(s) from among multiple available alternatives. In a real-world, the data arc usually imprecise and therefore often not so deterministic, because of the unobtainable or incomplete information. This paper presents a modified TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method, that allows for multi-criteria evaluation of the available alternatives, while using the fuzzy data.
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