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1

Contents of Sulphur, Total Protein, Methionine and Cysteine in Spring Wheat Biomass after Fertilization with Sewage Sludge

Gondek K.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2012

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Vol. 19, nr 3

203-211

EN

The aim of conducted experiments was determining the effect of fertilization with municipal sewage sludge on the contents of sulphur, total protein, methionine and cysteine in spring wheat biomass. The research was conducted in a three-year field experiment on Stagnic Gleysol soil with granulometric composition of heavy silt loam. On the basis of obtained results it was found that sulphur contents in wheat grain and straw on the treatments where fertilization was applied did not differ significantly. Applied fertilization with mineral fertilizers and farmyard manure and sewage sludge did not lead to any marked changes in weighted average contents of methionine and cysteine in spring wheat grain.

PL

Celem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie wpływu nawożenia komunalnymi osadami ściekowymi na zawartość siarki, białka ogólnego, metioniny i cysteiny w biomasie pszenicy jarej. Badania przeprowadzono w 3-letnim doświadczeniu polowym na glebie opadowo-glejowych o składzie granulometrycznym gliny ciężkiej pylastej. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników badań stwierdzono, że zawartość siarki w ziarnie i słomie pszenicy oraz zawartość białka w ziarnie z obiektów, w których zastosowano nawożenie nie różniła się istotnie. Zastosowane nawożenie nawozami mineralnymi, a także obornikiem i osadami ściekowymi nie spowodowało istotnych zmian w średniej ważonej zawartości metioniny i cysteiny w ziarnie pszenicy jarej.

2

Effect of sulphur fertilisation on yields, quality and content of arsenic in onion (Allium cepa L.)

Lošak T.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2006

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Vol. 13, nr 9

931-937

EN

The objective of the vegetation pot trial was to evaluate the effect of graded level of sulphur in the soil in combination with constant dose of nitrogen on yields, horizontal diameter, content of nitrates(V), amino acids, cysteine and methionine and the toxic element of arsenic in anion (Allium cepa, L.) variety 'Štutgartska'. The control variant was not fertilised with nitrogen (N0) and the content of sulphate sulphur (SO42 -S) in the soil was natural, ie 25 mg . kg-1 (S0). Ammonium sulphate was applied to increase this content to 40 and 60 mg S . kg-1 (S1 and S2, respectively). Ammonium nitrate was applied to balance the level of nitrogen to a uniform content of 0.9 g N (NI) per pot. The variant without nitrogen fertilisation and with a natural sulphur content (N0S0) showed a statistically highly (p = 0.01) significant lower anion yields by 46 %, smaller the horizontal diameter by 21.9 %, lower content of nitrate, cysteine and methionine by 44.3,52.9 and 50 %, respectively, and higher concentration of arsenic in the bulbs by 120.8 % compared to the nitrogen-fertilised variant (N1S0). Increasing the level of S in the soil to 40 mg S . kg-1 (S1) in combination with nitrogen (N1) statistically significantly increased the weight of one onion, ie on average by 6.6 %, at the same time reducing the nitrate content by 13 % compared with the N1S0 variant. While the content of methionine did not change, the content of cysleine dropped by 28.8 %. Further application of sulphur up to 60 mg S . kg-1 (S2) in the soil at the level or N1 had no statistically significant effect on yields and nitrate content. Similar results as when the sulphur level was S1 were achieved with amino acids. In terms of the hori-zontal diameter of onions (mm) there were no statistical differences among the fertilised variants (S0 - S1 - S2) The concentration of arsenic in the bulbs was less than 0.1 mg . kg-1 and did not exceed the hygienic standard. The As concentration in the tops was considerably higher than in bulbs and ranged between 0.23 and 0.25 mg . kg-1; no significant effect of sulphur doses was seen.

PL

W doświadczeniu wazonowym oceniano wpływ wzrastającego poziomu siarki w glebie przy stałym na-wożeniu azotem na wielkość plonu, średnicę poprzeczną cebul, zawartość azotanów(V), aminokwasów cysteiny i metioniny oraz toksycznego pierwiastka arsenu w cebuli (Allium cepa L.), odmiany 'Štutgartska' Gleba wariantu kontrolnego nie była nawożona azotem (N0) i miała naturalną zawartość siarki siarczanowej (S-SO4 2-) wynoszącą 25 mg . kg-1 (S0). W celu zwiększenia tej zawartości do 40 i 60 mg S . kg-1 (odpowiednio S1 i S2) stosowano siarczan amonu. Do uzupełnienia azotu do jednolitej dawki 0,9 g N (N1) na wazon stosowano azotan amonu. W wariancie kontrolnym (N0S0) stwierdzono wysoce statystycznie istotnie (p = 0.01) niższy plon cebuli 046 %, mniejszą średnicę poprzeczną cebulo 21,9 %, mniejszą zawartość azotanów, cysteiny i metioni-ny, odpowiednio o 44,3, 52,9 i 50 %, oraz większą zawartość arsenu w cebulach o 120,8 % w porówna-niu z wariantem nawożonych azotem (N,S0). Zwiększenie poziomu S w glebie do 40 mg S . kg-1 (S1) w kombinacji z azotem (N1) spowodowało statystycznie istotny wzrost masy jednej cebuli, średnio o 6,6 %, jednocześnie redukując zawartość azotanów o 13 % w porównaniu z wariantem N1S0. W tych warunkach zawartość cysteiny obniżyła się o 28,8 %, podczas gdy zawartość metioniny nie zmieniła się. Dalsze zwiększanie dodatku siarki do 60 mg S . kg-1 (S2) do gleby przy stałym nawożeniu azotem (N1) nie miało statystycznie istotnego wpływu na wielkość plonów i zawartość azotanów. Podobne wyniki jak przy poziomie siarki wynoszącym S1 uzyskano dla aminokwasów. Nie było istotnej różnicy w kategoriach średnicy poprzecznej cebul [mm] pomiędzy wariantami nawożenia (S0, S1 i S2). Zawartość arsenu w cebulach mieściła się poniżej 0,1 mg. kg-1 i nie przekraczała dopuszczalnego standardu. Zawartość As w pędach była istotnie wyższa niż w cebulach i wahała się od 0,23 do 0,25 mg. kg-1. Nie stwierdzono istotnego wpływu nawożenia siarką na jego zawartość.

3

Determination of Stability Constans of Copper(II)/Cobalt(II)-Methionine and Copper(II)/Cobalt(II)-Methionine-Cysteine (Binary and Mixed) Complexes by Paper Electrophoretic Technique

Tewari B.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2005

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Vol. 79 / nr 12

1853-1860

EN

The stability constants of copper(II) and cobalt(II) with methionine and cysteinewere determined by paper ionophoretic technique. Beside binary, mixed ligand complexes have also been studied, in which methionine and cysteine act as primary and secondary ligand, respectively. The stability constant of Cu(II)-methionine-cysteine and Co(II)-methionine-cysteine mixed ligand complexes were found to be 2.80+ -0.07 and 2.44+ -0.11 (logarithm of stability constant values), respectively at ionic strength 0.1 M and temperature of 35 graduate C.

4

Reaction of sulfide radical cation complexes with hydroxide, molecular oxygen and superoxide radical anion

Schoneich Ch.

Nukleonika

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2000

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Vol. 45, nr 1

51-54

EN

Sulfide radical cations must be considered as important intermediates in redox processes of sulfides in chemistry and biology. The current paper summarizes recent findings on the reactions of sulfide radical cations and their respective sulfide radical cation-nucleophile complexes with hydroxide, superoxide, and molecular oxygen. Such reactions may represent important product-forming mechanisms under various reactions conditions encountered for example, during biological oxidative stress.

5

Radiolytically induced reductive degradation of halothane in air-saturated aqueous solutions in the presence of methionine

Flyunt R., Makogon O., Schoneich Ch., Asmus K.

Nukleonika

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2000

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Vol. 45, nr 1

45-50

EN

It was established that peroxyl radicals (CF3CHClOOź) derived from halothane (CF3CHClBr) quantitatively react with methionine (MetS) to the corresponding sulfoxide (MetSO). This reaction was accompanied by the formation of oxyl radicals (CF3CHClOź), which, in a first step, appear to rearrange by 1,2-hydrogen shift to CF3Cź(OH)Cl. The latter may react via one of two pathways: direct addition of oxygen or immediate elimination of hydrochloric acid (HCl) from CF3Cź(OH)Cl. Direct addition of oxygen yields the corresponding peroxyl radical, which, upon H+/O2ź- elimination and subsequent hydrolysis of CF3COCl, could account for the formation of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), one of the major observed products. An alternative and, based on the combined evidence of our data, probably more favorable route is based on immediate elimination of HCl from CF3Cź(OH)Cl, which generates CF3Cź(OH)2 upon hydrolysis. Subsequent reaction of this radical with O2 yields CF3C(OOź)(OH)2, followed by H+/O2ź- elimination, which also leads to CF3CO2H. This route accounts for approximately 41% of the initial CF3CHClOOź radicals. To accommodate the high yields of fluoride ions and carbon dioxide, which indicate a complete breakdown of the halothane molecule, a competing reaction pathway of the CF3Cź(OH)2 radicals is proposed. In its first step elimination of one fluoride ion to yield źCF2CO2- is envisaged (possibly involving a deprotonated form of CF3Cź(OH)2). The peroxyl radicals źOOCF2CO2-, formed upon oxygen addition to źCF2CO2-, are suggested to react with MetS, yielding MetSO and alkohol radicals (źOCF2CO2-). It is proposed that the latter decompose via carbon-carbon bond cleavage to COF2, and CO2ź-. This pathway, which leads to complete halogen release (as halide ions), accounts for approximately 53% of the initially formed CF3CHClOOź radicals. The observed high MetSO yields, G=(5.6), are explained by oxidation of MetS by CF3CHClOOź and źOOCF2CO2- via 2-electron transfer mechanisms. A detailed reaction scheme and quantitative material balance is provided on the basis of the measured yields of CF3CO2H, Br-, Cl-, F- and CO2 as major components and carbon monoxide (CO) and oxalate as minor components.