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1

The effect of silage additive on the kinetics of biogas production from lignocellulosic perennial crops

Kupryś-Caruk Marta, Lisowski Aleksander, Chomontowski Chrystian

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 56

58--66

EN

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of silage additive containing heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strain of Lactobacillus buchneri species on ensiling quality, as well as methane yield and the kinetics of biogas production from ensiled perennial energy grasses: Miscanthus × giganteus (miscanthus), Spartina pectinata (cordgrass), Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) and Andropogon gerardii (big bluestem). The listed plants are not commonly used for biogas production, their susceptibility to ensiling is also little known, hence the need to investigate their suitability for these processes. Effective methods for increasing the biogas yield from biomass are still demand, hence the research on the use of LAB for this purpose. After harvesting the grasses were cut and ensiled in barrels with and without (controls) the usage of commercial silage inoculant containing Lactobacillus buchneri LN40177. After 90 days of ensiling obtained silages were analysed in order to compare their chemical composition: organic acids content, the loss of dry matter, the differences in particular fibres composition. The silages were then subjected to methane fermentation using OxiTop® sensors and exposed to air in order to check their aerobic stability. The silages prepared with LAB additive had higher concentration of acetic acid than the control silages prepared without LAB addition, which contributed to increased aerobic stability but had no effect on the methane yield of miscanthus, switchgrass and big bluestem. Using the microbial inoculant during ensiling had beneficial effect in terms of reducing the duration of biogas production process from obtained silages: lag phase was shortened, daily biogas production rate was increased and 90% of biogas was produced in a shorter period of time compared to the control silages from investigated grasses. The modified Gompertz model well reflected the kinetics of biogas production process.

2

Biomethanation Potential and Enhancement of Acacia Leaves Waste Via Pretreatment and Co-Digestion Strategy

Hirunsupachote Supachai, Kullavanijaya Pratin, Chavalparit Orathai

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 5

237--250

EN

Acacia leaves waste biomass (AcLW) is an attractive feedstock for biomethane production by its generation amounts practically. This study evaluated the methane productivity of AcLW and its enhancement via alkaline pretreatment and co-digestion strategy. The effect of pretreatment conditions and process configuration on methane yields were investigated. The results showed that raw AcLW digestion in the single-stage process generated about 41.32 m3-CH4/kg VSadded, which increased significantly by 1.94–2.51 times to be 80.05–103.85 m3-CH4/kg VSadded for alkaline and 93.31–182.26 m3-CH4/kg VSadded for alkali-thermal pre-treated samples. The increase of NaOH concentration, soaking time and thermal supplementation affected methane productivity directly, while codigestion with pulp bio-sludge at identical solid conditions promoted about 3.38 times or 162.7 m3-CH4/kg VSadded compared to raw AcLW digestion. A profitable operation of two separated stages combining leaching bed acidification and CSTR was also depicted with 152.1 m3-CH4/kg VSadded.The maximum gases productivity of AcLW digestion was promoted with alkaline-thermal pre-treated biomass for 3.60–4.41 times increase with 67.02–75.59% of total solids reduction. This finding demonstrated the biomethanation potential of AcLW and its enhancement after pretreatment and co-digestion significantly, which increased its possibility as a biogas feedstock.

3

Ocena przydatności kalkulatorów biogazowni przy planowaniu budowy biogazowni rolniczej

Sławiński K., Piskier T., Bujaczek R.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2012

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R. 16, nr 4, t. 1

369-375

PL

W pracy przedstawiono ocenę przydatności dostępnych on-line kalkulatorów biogazowni przy planowaniu budowy biogazowni rolniczej. Określono liczbę zdefiniowanych substratów oraz elementy kalkulacji dostępne w kalkulatorach biogazowni. Obliczono uzysk metanu i moc elektryczna projektowanych biogazowni przy założonym dziennym wsadzie 50 ton obornika bydlęcego i 50 ton gnojowicy świńskiej. Wykazano, że kalkulatory biogazowni na ogół nie dysponują opcją doradczą przy doborze substratów i kosubstratów. W większości kalkulatorów biogazowni pomijane są koszty pracy obsługi, składowania i wywózki substratów i masy pofermentacyjnej. W kalkulatorach biogazowni na ogół nie ma podanych metod obliczeń, a różnice w uzyskanych wynikach przekraczają 60%. Kalkulatory biogazowni należy traktować wyłącznie jako narzędzie doradcze nie decyzyjne.

EN

The paper presents an assessment of the usefulness of on-line biogas calculators when planning the construction of agricultural biogas plants. The number of defined substrates and calculation components available in biogas calculators were determined. The methane yield and electrical power of the designed biogas plants were calculated at a given charge of 50 tons of cattle manure and 50 tons of pig manure. It was proved that biogas calculators generally do not have the advisory option in the selection of substrates and co-substrates. Most biogas calculators disregard the labor costs and costs of storage and disposal of substrates and the mass remained after fermentation. The biogas calculators usually do not present the methods of calculation, and the differences in the obtained results exceed 60%. The biogas calculators should be treated only as an advisory not decisive tool.

4

Analysis of substrates from starch production in connection with biomass power plant designs

Szabó T., Vítěz T., Groda B., Mareček J.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2012

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R. 16, nr 4, t. 2

117-128

EN

An increase in demand for renewable energy sources resulting from a number of legislative orders gives rise to dynamic development of biogas production technologies. Properties of substrates suitable for anaerobic fermentation are tested by Mendel University in Brno which has built the "Biomass Transformation Reference Laboratory of the Republic" and that is where the university performs the tests. This laboratory is provided with reactors of various volumes controlling all the variables on which the course of the process, measurement of the quantity of the biogas being generated, temperature measurement, and openings for sampling the substrate and biogas depend. One group of tests was focused on waste produced by starch industry that can be used within the mesophyll anaerobic fermentation. Composition of the dosed substrate was as follows: pentose 22.57%, bran 22.57%, B-starch 4.07%, draff 5.64% and floater 45.15%. Tests were performed by means of co-fermentation with an inoculation substrate from an agricultural biomass power plant in 10 reactors of which 2 were kept without substrate additions. Biogas production out of these checked reactors was then subtracted from the total production of biogas out of the reactors with substrate. On the basis of the test results the average production of biogas or methane per one kilogram of dry matter respectively was calculated. Subsequently, on the basis of the production the biomass power plant was designed which is to become a part of the starch factory premises.

PL

Wzrost zapotrzebowania na odnawialne źródła energii, wynikający z licznych rozporządzeń legislacyjnych przyczynia się do dynamicznego rozwoju technologii produkcji biogazu. Właściwości substratów odpowiednich dla fermentacji beztlenowej badane są na Uniwersytecie Mendla w Brnie, gdzie wybudowano "Laboratorium Referencyjne Konwersji Biomasy" i gdzie przeprowadzane są badania. To laboratorium posiada reaktory o różnych wielkościach kontrolujące wszystkie zmienne, od których zależy proces, pomiary ilości wyprodukowanego biogazu, pomiary temperatury oraz otwory do umieszczania substratów. Jedna grupa badań skupiła się na odpadach pochodzących z przemysłu skrobiowego, które można zastosować do beztlenowej fermentacji mezofilicznej. Skład dozowanego substratu był następujący: pentoza - 22,57%, otręby - 22,57%, skrobia - 4.07%, wysłodki - 5.64% oraz osady - 45.15%. Badania przeprowadzono za pomocą k fermentacji z substratem do wysiewania bakterii pochodzącym z elektrowni biomasy rolniczej w 10 reaktorach, z których 2 utrzymywano bez dodatku substratów. Następnie odjęto produkcję biogazu pochodzącą z badanych reaktorów od całej produkcji biogazu z tych reaktorów lub obliczono ilość metanu na jeden kilogram suchej masy. Następnie, na podstawie produkcji wykonano projekt elektrowni biomasy, która ma stać się częścią budynków fabryki skrobi.