Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Kinetic Modeling of Methane Production from the Anaerobic Digestion of Wastewater Sludge from a Treatment Plant in Kenitra, Morocco

Lihi Khadija, Auajjar Nabila, Nizar Youness, Attarassi Benaissa

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 1

165--174

EN

It is necessary to understand the process of anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge and to find an adequate strategy to improve the efficiency of methane production. In this work, the production of methane and detailed properties of sludge are determined. The physico-chemical parameters of the digester 1 'D1' and the digester 2 'D2' remain in the optimal range of AD stability with a median value of pH (7.82; 7.93); Temperature (36.70; 37.10°C); alkalinity (3.52; 3.58 g/L); and volatile fatty acids (0.47; 0.52 g/L), respectively. This paper focuses on the performance optimization of the methane production by kinetic models of two continuous digesters in a wastewater treatment plant in Kenitra City, Morocco. Mathematical models used in anaerobic digestion are: Modified Gompertz, transference functions, and logistics functions. These kinetic models have benefitted experimental methane production for both digesters. Results show that all the models used are appropriate to optimize the kinetic parameters for producing methane, showing that the transference function is the most suitable model for predicting kinetic results.

2

Influence of Mesophilic Bacteria Inoculation with Chicken Manure for Biogas Production Enhancement in Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Process

Alkarimiah Rosnani

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

|

2023

|

Vol. 33, no. 3

33--49

EN

The objective of this study is to investigate biogas production by anaerobic digestion using mesophilic bacteria mixed with Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). This project aims to determine the volume of biogas generation and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from chicken manure via the anaerobic digestion process. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of chicken manure (CM) often faces obstacles, including high total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration, inorganic soil particles, and wood chips. The digestion process was carried under batch mode conditions in Scott bottles of 1.0 L active volume. The bottles were immersed in a water bath to control their temperature at 37℃. The characteristics of total solid, volatile solid of mass fraction, pH, and temperature on the amount of biogas produced were studied. The investigation showed that biogas production can be enhanced by inoculation of another material. The optimum biogas composition in the AD system was recorded by Inoculum I, which was achieved on Day 2 at 560 mL/L. The highest cumulative methane yield was observed in the leachate with Inoculum (I), which was 8976 mL/gVS, while the CML produced 4 mL/g VS. The anaerobic digestion (AD) process augmented with inoculum demonstrated heightened efficacy in biogas generation and VFA concentration reduction during the acidogenic phase, surpassing the observed performance in chicken manure leachate.

3

Effect of Thermal Pretreatment on the Kinetic Parameters of Anaerobic Digestion from Recycled Pulp and Paper Sludge

Habchi Sanae, Lahboubi Nabila, Karouach Fadoua, Naim Ikram, Lahlou Yahya, Bakraoui Mohammed, Sallek Brahim, El Bari Hassan

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, iss. 1

192--201

EN

This paper investigates the influence of thermal pretreatment on kinetic parameters based on four kinetic models: Modified Gompertz, transference and logistic functions and first order equation. The kinetic modeling was applied on experimental results of previous study on producing methane from anaerobic digestion of Recycled Pulp and Paper Sludge (RPPS) under mesophilic conditions. We observed that the thermal pretreatment improve considerably improved the kinetic parameters mainly the methane production rate and the lag phase. Indeed, it can be noted that methane production rate μ increases significantly from a value of 4.72 to 16.27 ml/h using logistic function for 1 g VS/L added load. Then the lag phase parameter λ has dramatically decreased from 5.46 to 1.04 h using logistic function for 1.5 g VS/L added load. This means that the thermal pretreatment of RPPS accelerates the methane production process and saves time.

4

Application of response surface methodology to improve methane production from jerusalem artichoke straw

Meng Yan, Li Yi, Chen Laisheng, Han Rui

Archives of Environmental Protection

|

2022

|

Vol. 48, no. 3

70--79

EN

Anaerobic digestion (AD) converts organic matter and biomass waste into biogas, making it an environmentally friendly technology to improve energy resources for a wide range of applications. Jerusalem artichoke straw (JAS) has an enriched content of cellulose and exhibits a high potential for methane production. AD-based production of methane can eff ectively utilize waste JAS. This study investigated the AD performance of JAS to explore the enhancement of methane yields by employing a Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM). The overall goal was to identify the optimal levels of pretreatment factors, including HCl concentration, pretreatment time, and pretreatment temperature, for producing optimal biomethane yields from JAS. The highest value of methane production achieved was 256.33 mL g-1VS by using an optimal concentration of HCl as 0.25 M, a pretreatment time of 10 h, and a pretreatment temperature of 25°C. These results inform the future application of JAS in enhanced methane production.

5

Optimization of the distribution of drilling boreholes in methane production from coal seams

Wątor Anna, Chećko Jarosław, Urych Tomasz

Journal of Sustainable Mining

|

2020

|

Vol. 19, iss. 4

272--285

EN

The paper presents an evaluation of methane production from coal seams. The Warszowice-Pawłowice Północ deposit was selected for numerical modelling of methane production. The numerical model was made for a fragment of this deposit of about 2 km2. The numerical model was constructed for 6 seams. Three deposits were selected for simulation of methane production. Three horizontal boreholes were designed within the model area, referring to the existing Suszec19 borehole. A number of simulations related to methane production from the selected deposits were performed. They included different variants of the number of boreholes and also took into account the z-pinnate method. The analyses proved that the most advantageous is the production of 3 directional boreholes simultaneously with the z-pinnate method. For this variant the degree of methane production was 21.9% of the estimated resources.

6

Mechanical Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Methane Fermentation in Innovative Reactor with Cage Mixing System

Rusanowska P., Zieliński M., Dudek M., Dębowski M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2018

|

Vol. 19, nr 5

219--224

EN

Disintegration of lignocellulosic biomass for energy purposes has been extensively studied. The study aimed to investigate the influence of crushed and uncrushed lignocellulosic biomass on the biogas production in an innovative reactor. The substrate fed to the reactor was Sida hermaphrodita silage mixed with cow manure. The bioreactor had an innovative design of the mixing cage system. The mixing system of the bioreactor consisted of two cylindrical stirrers in the form of a cage. The cages simultaneously rotate around the axis of the bioreactor at against their own axes. The bioreactor is currently presented under the Record Biomap program (Horizon 2020). The bioreactor was operated at organic compounds loading of 2 kg/(m3∙d) and 3 kg/(m3∙d) and hydraulic retention time was 50 d and 33 d, respectively. The biogas production under the organic compounds loading of 2 kg VS/(m3∙d) was 680 L/kg VS from crushed lignocellulosic biomass and 570 L/kg VS from uncrushed lignocellulosic biomass. The biogas production under the organic compounds loading 3 kg VS/(m3∙d) was 730 L/kg VS from crushed lignocellulosic biomass and 630 L/kg VS from uncrushed lignocellulosic biomass. The crushing of substrate did not influence the methane content in the biogas. In all experiments, the biogas comprised about 54% of methane. The net energy efficiency was calculated as well.

7

Optimization of the Deployment of Bioenergy by Increasing the Efficiency of Biogas Production

Dettmann S., Kanswohl N., Fras J., Schlegel M., Geick T.

Research in Logistics & Production

|

2016

|

Vol. 6, No. 1

5--14

EN

The share of renewable energy, which is used for power supply, increases worldwide steadily to avoid the threat of climate change. In the renewable energy production from renewable resources biogas plays an important role. Biogas can be provided continuously by the permanent availability of biomass and it is also easily to store. In the context of competition for land between food and feed production as well as the cultivation of renewables an efficient biogas production is extremely important. Strategies for this aim are installing biogas plants in order to increase the biogas output and take measures to increase the efficiency of existing biogas plants or of concepts of biogas digesters for the new installation.

8

Methane hydrate technologies in Ukraine: research and prospects

Zhuk H., Pyatnichko O., Krushnevich V., Fedorenko D., Klymenko V.

AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas

|

2016

|

Vol. 33, no. 4

811--818

EN

Abstract Methane production from natural gas hydrates will enable the reduction of a great part of natural gas import deliveries and to give up them completely in the future. Gas hydrate technologies compared with existing ones, also gives the possibility to transport gas, divide gas and liquid mixtures, concentrate water solutions, utilize and store СО2, etc. with greater efficiency. However, methane production technologies have not developed industrially and their study was performed with the help of experimental units and in separate gas hydrates deposits in the mode of tests and elaborations. The prospects of the hydrate technologies development in the Ukraine were determined: transportation of natural gas in the form of hydrates, long-term storage of natural gas in hydrate state, natural gas production from its hydrate deposits. Positive international experience in terms of the development of hydrate technology is studied. In order to study formation and dissociation hydrates of carbon dioxide and natural gas components, Gas Institute have made hydrate stand facility. The express method of determining thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of hydrate transformation was tested. Natural gas hydrates as well as carbon dioxide hydrates were produced with the help of the express method. It was determined that the composition of original natural gas and gas of hydrates decomposition is of great difference – it means that “selective” hydrates formation of natural gas formation is performed.A set of experiments was also performed to study the process of methane replacement with the help of carbon dioxide. According to the gaseous phase analysis, 14% increase of methane content was fixed. This fact proves its replacement in hydrates with the help of carbon dioxide.

9

Boosting production of methane from sewage sludge by addition of grease trap sludge

Neczaj E., Grosser A., Worwąg M.

Environment Protection Engineering

|

2013

|

Vol. 39, nr 2

125--133

EN

Feasibility and possible use of grease trap waste (GTW) as a co-substrate for improving biogas production in anaerobic digestion with sewage sludge has been established. Anaerobic co-digestion was studied in a semi-continuous experiment at 37 °C with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 days. The grease trap sludge accounted for 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 and 30% of the mixture based on volatile solids. The results of the present laboratory study revealed that the use of GTW as a cosubstrate is considered to be interesting option for digestion of sewage sludge due to increased methane production.

10

Biomass-biogas recycling technique studies of municipal food waste disposal: a reviw

Jin Y, Wen J, Nie Y, Chen H, Wang G

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2012

|

Tom 14

21--55

PL

Źródła energii znalazły się w centrum zainteresowania pod względem prawnym, etycznym, społecznym i gospodarczym z powodu rosnących problemów środowiska. Powszechnie wiadome, że nieodnawialne źródła energii są w coraz większym stopniu zastępowane innymi, które są odnawialne i mniej zanieczyszczające, z wykorzystaniem technologii mających na celu zrównoważony rozwój. Utylizacja stałych odpadów żywnościowych jest wciąż poważnym problemem dla wielu społeczności. Technologia beztlenowej fermentacji jest możliwa do zastosowania przy przetwarzaniu organicznych odpadów stałych i łączy odzysku materiału oraz produkcję energii. Recykling odpadów spożywczych w procesie beztlenowa fermentacja na biogaz, zawiesinę biogazu oraz nawóz organiczny jest podstawowym zadaniem utylizacji bioodpadów komunalnych. Bazując na sortowaniu odpadów spożywczych, technologia ta może zlikwidować zanieczyszczenia z odpadów spożywczych, w odniesieniu do ich źródeł. Z jednej strony złagodzić presję na środowisko pochodzące z spożywczych odpadów komunalnych oraz uniknąć wtórnego zanieczyszczenia, osiągnąć zasadę „3R” (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) w gospodarce odpadami jeszcze bardziej. Zasada ta wprowadza zasady technik, przewagę technologiczną oraz postęp w dziedzinie badań nad beztlenową fermentacją. Fermentacja beztlenowa dzieli się na mokrą i suchą. W porównaniu z oczywistymi zaletami fermentacji na mokro, jest jeszcze wiele braków w procesie fermentacji suchej. Ostatecznie stwierdzono, że technologia suchej fermentacji do produkcji metanu zmieniła tradycyjne podejście do fermentacji. W pewnym sensie, usuwanie i recykling odpadów spożywczych jest w przybliżeniu podobny do zgazowania komunalnych odpadów spożywczych, co może zamienić odpady w majątek, który ludzkość może wykorzystać do zarządzania w metropoliach. I zdecydowanie rekomenduje się fermentację typu etanolowego jako najbardziej obiecujący typ acydyfikacyjny.

11

Produkcja metanu wskaźnikiem oceny biodegradowalności substratów w procesie fermentacji metanowej

Myszograj S.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2011

|

Tom 13

1245-1259

PL

Fermentacja jest beztlenowym biologicznym procesem rozkładu (mineralizacji) złożonych wysokocząsteczkowych substancji organicznych. Technologia ta jest stosowana do stabilizacji osadów ściekowych i biofrakcji odpadów organicznych. Substraty poddawane fermentacji metanowej charakteryzują się różnymi właściwościami. Ogólnie można je podzielić na dwie zasadnicze grupy: substraty z dużą zawartością zawiesin organicznych oraz substraty zawierające głównie rozpuszczone i koloidalne związki organiczne (tabela 1) [2]. Głównymi produktami procesu jest przefermentowana biomasa oraz biogaz.

EN

Anaerobic digestion is used for stabilization of sewage sludge and biofraction of organic wastes. In spite of general applying of fermentation technology in the practice, projecting, working and the control of anaerobic processes usually is based on empirical indicators. The biodegradability of the organic matter is often estimated by the biochemical methane potential, the participation of methane in biogas and reduction of the organic mass. In this paper the biodegradability ratio of sewage sludge and biofraction of municipal wastes on anaerobic digestion were compared, on the basis of the biochemical methane potential (BMP). The efficiency of the production of bio-gas (methane) from sewage sludge and biofraction of municipal wastes depends on the chemical composition of these substrates, particularly on the content of organic carbon. Digestion of sewage sludge after 20 days resulted in BMP of 302.5 dm3/g VSS added. The participation of methane in the biogas was the lowest on beginning of process (51.3%) and increased while duration of fermentation to 72.0%. The production of biogas from the biofraction of municipal wastes in the end of the process was 367.6 dm3/g VSS. The participation of methane in the biogas on the beginning of the process was 51.3% and increased with duration of fermentation to 62.8%. The coefficient of the anaerobic bio-degradation of substrates (BD) determined on the basis of the maximum production of methane and COD value of substrates received 41.1% VSS for sew-age sludge and 38.5%VSS for municipal wastes.The values of hydrolysis rate kh for these substrates were also deter-mined. First order specific hydrolysis rate constant for sewage sludge decreased from 0.203 d-1 in third day of process to 0.179 d-1 in twentieth day of the digestion. This are typical values for the sewage sludge. Decrease of the parameter k value during anaerobic digestion proves graded reduction of accessibility of substrates for microorganisms. First order specific hydrolysis rate constant for waste in range from 0.077 d-1 to 0.137 d-1 is characteristic for biowaste. The growth of the parameter k value with the time of the process duration results from graded solubilisation and hydrolysis of the solid fraction of wastes. Fractional size of substrates has a significant influence on obtained stage of the biodegradation, beside the chemical characteristic. The size of solid particles decides about the speed of the hydrolysis of organic fraction and the accessibility of organic compounds for microorganisms.

12

Verifying the properties of grass haylage from anaerobic processing

Szabó T., Koutný T., Groda B.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

|

2011

|

R. 15, nr 7

157-161

EN

The paper focuses on the verification of grass haylage suitability as a substrate for the purposes of anaerobic processing at biogas stations. Samples from eleven biogas stations were tested; their dry matter and organic dry matter were quantified. The samples subjected to the process of mesophilic (38°C) anaerobic co-fermentation over the course of twenty-one days. Sludge from the waste water treatment plant process was used as an inoculation substrate. Biogas production and methane abundance were monitored during the test. The paper shows that grass haylage is a suitable substrate for use at a biogas station owing to its methane production and biogas quality.

PL

Celem pracy jest ustalenie czy sianokiszonka z traw stanowi odpowiedni substrat w procesie przetwarzania beztlenowego w biogazowniach. Przebadano próbki z 11 biogazowni; policzono ilość suchej masy i organicznej suchej masy. Próbki poddano procesowi beztlenowej fermentacji mezofilicznej (38°C) w ciągu 21 dni. Osad z procesu oczyszczania ścieków został użyty jako substrat do wysiewania bakterii. Podczas badań monitorowano produkcję biogazu i ilość metanu. Niniejsza praca wskazuje, iż sianokiszonka z traw stanowi odpowiedni substrat dla biogazowi dzięki produkcji metanu i jakości biogazu.

13

Anaerobic digestion of maize hybrids for methane production

Vindis P., Mursec B., Janzekovic M., Stajnko D., Cus F.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

|

2010

|

Vol. 40, nr 1

87-94

EN

Purpose: This research project was aimed at optimising anaerobic digestion of maize and find out which maturity class of corn and which hybrid of a particular maturity class produces the highest rate of biogas and biomethane. Also the chemical composition of gases was studied. Design/methodology/approach: Biogas and biomethane production and composition in mesophilic (35 degrees C) conditions were measured and compared. The corn hybrids of FAO 300 - FAO 600 maturity class were tested. Experiments took place in the lab, for 35 days within four series of experiments with four repetitions according to the method DIN 38 414. Findings: Results show that the highest maturity classes of corn (FAO 500) increases the amount of biogas and biomethane. The greatest gain of biogas, biomethane according to maturity class is found with hybrids of FAO 400 and FAO 500 maturity class. Among the corn hybrids of maturity class FAO 300 - FAO 400, the hybrid PR38F70 gives the greatest production of biogas and biomethane. Among the hybrids of maturity class FAO 400 - FAO 500, the greatest amount of biogas and biomethane was produced by the hybrid PIXXIA (FAO 420). Among the hybrids of maturity class FAO 500 - FAO 600 the hybrid CODISTAR (FAO 500) the highest production of biomethane. Production of biomethane, which has the main role in the production of biogas varied with corn hybrids from 50-60 % of the whole amount of produced gas. Research limitations/implications: Economic efficiency of anaerobic digestion depends on the optimum methane production and optimum anaerobic digestion process. Practical implications: The results reached serve to plan the electricity production in the biogas production plant and to achieve the highest biomethane yield per hectare of maize hybrid. Originality/value: Late ripening varieties (FAO ca. 600) make better use of their potential to produce biomass than medium or early ripening varieties.

14

Difference between Ukraine and USA CBM projects in terms of data quality and evaluation

Drop K., Cabanas P., Rutkowska H.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Górnictwo / Politechnika Śląska

|

2009

|

z. 287

55-59

EN

The differences in approaches to CBM play between USA CBM project (San Jfcan Basin) and Ukraine CBM/CMM in Doneck area will be discussed in the presented paper. Generally, USA play is really CBM farm focused on methane production without oUnderground mine activities. The main goal of the Ukrainian project based on research made \? the Doneck mine area is degasification of excavating coal and overburden sandstone layers which is performed for the safety purposes. The gas production is only a secondary objective

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zróżnicowanie podejście do projektów CBM w USA - projekt (San Juan Basin) i na Ukrainie CBM/CMM w Zagłębiu Donieckim. Generalnie w przypadku USA preferuje się przedsięwzięcia typu farm CBM, ukierunkowane na produkcję metanu z wyłączeniem podziemnej działalności górniczej. Zasadniczym celem projektu ukraińskiego, opartego na badaniach przeprowadzonych w Zagłębiu Donieckim, jest odgazowame eksploatowanych węgli oraz tworzących nadkład piaskowców, prowadzone dla zwiększania bezpieczeństwa. Eksploatacja gazu odgrywa tu rolę drugorzędną.