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Datowanie apatytów z żył kwarcowo-chlorytowo-apatytowych w fyllitach z Podmąchocic (Góry Świętokrzyskie)

Salwa Sylwester, Szopa Krzysztof

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 5

298--300

EN

Metamorphic rocks of greenstone facies (phyllites) have been discovered quite recently in the Łysogóry region of the Holy Cross Mountains. The following minerals predominate in the mineral composition of these rocks: bright mica (sericite), quartz, chlorites, rutile, pyrophyllite, xenotime, pyrite, tourmaline, apatite and monacite, while chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena are also present in mineral veins. The phyllites from Podmąchocice are intensely tectonically deformed, while their metamorphism displays a syndeformation character. The age of the tectonic-metamorphic processes has been initially estimated based on their relation to the silicification process. The phyllites are cut by numerous hydrothermal mineral veins, including quartz-chlorite-apatite ones. These veins occur as small post-tectonic and syntaxial forms, a few centimetres long and up to 1 cm thick. In the central parts of the veins, apatite forms colourless crystals, up to 1 mm long and up to 0.1mm thick. The age of the apatites was determined by means of the laser ablation system combined with the mass spectrometer. The results of isotopic measurements were reduced using the “Vizual Age” reduction program. The U-Pb age has been estimated to ~389 ± 18 Ma (upper intercept) that points to the maximum Devonian age (Eifelian/Givetian) of formation of the quartz-apatite veins. This is the first dating that point sto hydro thermal activity of th is age in the study area. As the veins cut discordantly the metamorphic rocks, the metamorphism itself may be older than the apatite age.

2

Structure and metamorphism of the Dardania zone in the eastern part of Gjilan region (Kosovo)

Kutllovci Festim

Mining Science

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2021

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Vol. 28

93--102

EN

The Dardanian zone represents the western part of the Rhodope crystalline basement. This zone was structured and metamorphosed during the Hercynian and post Hercynian tectonic stages. The important aspects have been identified in the structure and metamorphism from this part of western Rhodopes. The geological setting of study region has clarified the most important aspects regarding: structural geology, deformation, tectonics, and metamorphism. The studied region represents an important node in the geology of Kosovo and beyond. In this region there is the border of the Vardar unit and the Serbo-North Macedonian tectonic unit (Dardania Massif). The Serbo-North Macedonian Massif (eastern part of Kosovo) structurally represents the upper part of Dacia and the innermost whole, compared to the Carpathian-Balkanids described above. The Crystalline belt of metamorphic rocks belongs to high-grade metamorphism. The rocks of the Upper Complex represent a volcano-sedimentary sequence that is metamorphosed only under greenschist facies conditions. The Lower Complex consisting of gneiss, micaschists and to a lesser extent amphibolites, quartzites, marbles and migmatites. The main event of the Hercynian tectonic period that structured the rocks forming in the Dardania zone is associated with the regional deformation D2. Its intensity is depending on the type of rocks, but it is noted an increase of the intensity from west to east. The associated schistosity S2(penetrating schistosity)is an axial plane schistosity of the isoclinals folds S0, S1. The schistosity S2 is homogenous, with an average strike direction of 345° and dip direction of 45°. The intersection lineation (L2) and the fold axis (B2) are very homogenous with the dip azimuth toward N (350°) and dip angle of 10°. The deformation D3 is associated with the crenulations of schistosity S3. The schistosity S3 represents the axial plan of the kink fold and crenulation. The schistosity S3 is very heterogeneous and it is difficult to arrive at conclusions regarding the average direction of this planar structure also to judge the kinematic aspects of the movement. Likewise, the axis of the crenulations B3 and L3 lineation represent relative heterogeneous linear structures. The deformation D4 is associated with the fracture schistosity S4. The schistosity S4 often show the axial plan of the open parallel folds. The schistosity S4 is homogenous with the range East–West with symmetric drop (in the N and S), by proving that we are dealing with a phase of deformation with an extensional tectonic regime (with the direction N–S).

3

Petrographic characteristics and geochimstry in the part of Gjilani Region – Kosova

Kutllovci Festim

Mining Science

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2021

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Vol. 28

217--232

EN

The country of the Republic of Kosovo is situated in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula. In the Southwest, it is bordered by Albania, in the West by Montenegro, in the North and East by Serbia and in the Southeast by North Macedonia. In this scientific paper was done the identification detailed for rocks found on the researched region. it was done the identification detailed for rocks found in the researched region. The region research it’s done scale by 1:25 000 for comparison map of geology scale by 1:200 000 and paper will be treated the mineralogical content, petrography microscope preparation, and geochemistry. For the region of Gjilan, the analysis was performed: for large elements, for small elements and traces, and for rare soils. The processing of the analysis of large elements, traces, and sub-traces was performed in the geochemical-petrological software MINPET. Constructed diagrams show that we are dealing with rocks generated in differentiated geodynamic environments. Most of the rocks analyzed fall in the field of basic and acid rocks, and only a small part of them belong to the medium and ultrabasic rocks. Acid rocks are represented mainly by their Metamorphism types – gneiss and less of those ages with them younger – granite. They generally show geochemical features of volcanic type than orogenic in acid magmatism The purpose of the paper it the proposal of the paper is the identification rocks in the exploration zone for the preparation petrographic of microscope and processing of the analysis of large elements, traces, and sub-traces was performed in the geochemical-petrological software MINPET. It was done by the evidencing and detailed description of all the types of rocks found in the researched region. The samples were taken from those rocks for the preparation of petrography microscope preparation. The analyses were completed at the certified laboratory of Geology-Mining Faculty (Polytechnic University of Tirana) – Geosciences Institute.

4

Indium in polymetallic mineralisation at the Gierczyn mine, Karkonosze-Izera Massif, Poland : results of EPMA and LA-ICP-MS investigations

Foltyn Krzysztof, Bertrandsson Erlandsson Viktor, Kozub-Budzyń Gabriela Anna, Melcher Frank, Piestrzyński Adam

Geological Quarterly

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2020

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Vol. 64, No. 1

74--85

EN

Cassiterite and base-metal mineralisation from the Gierczyn mine on the Karkonosze-Izera Massif, Poland has been studied using electron microprobe and LA-ICP-MS (Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) techniques in order to determine the content of indium in the ore minerals. The main carriers of this element are sphalerite (up to 433 μ/g of In), chalcopyrite (up to 117 μ/g of In) and cassiterite (up to 0.02 wt.% In). Trace element contents of sulphides, especially Ga in chalcopyrite intergrown with sphalerite in comparison with chalcopyrite without sphalerite, may indicate metamorphic re-equlibration and suggests that the ore minerals might recrystallized and underwent metamorphism in conditions of greenschist/amphibolite facies. Although the deposits in the Stara Kamienica Schist Belt are not of economic value, they can contribute to better understanding of the relations between trace element partitioning and the formation of ore minerals.

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Petrographic characteristics of the north-western part of Kosovo

Kutllovci F.

Mining Science

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2018

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Vol. 25

49--56

EN

In the north – western part of Kosovo, the next lito stratigraphic units were separated: Palaeozoic (gneiss, mica schists, leucogneiss, amphibolite, quartzite), Jurassic (Serpentinised hazburgit, Schist serpentines with granitic intrusion, Basalts with dacite dykes, Dacite, Metamorphic sole (amphibolites), Supra ophiolite sedimentary mélange), Cretaceous (Valanginian basal conglomerates, Valanginian–Hauterivian silty – sandstone turbidity’s, Barremian–Aptian basal conglomerates, Barremian–Aptian silty – marl turbidity’s, Albian–Senomanian sandy – phillitic turbidites, Santonian sedimentary ophiolitic melange) Quaternary (alluvium, proluvium, slope wash, lower river terrace, higher river terrace, lacustrine, gravel and sand). The samples were taken from those rocks for chemical, geo-chemical and for the preparation of petrographic microscope properties. The analyses were completed at the certified laboratory of Geology-Mining Faculty (Polytechnic University of Tirana) – Geosciences Institute.

6

The Helags Mountain, Sweden: Another piece in the Caledonian puzzle

Johansson S.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2015

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Vol. 41, no. 1

90--91

EN

The Scandinavian Caledonides formed due to the closure of the Iapetus Ocean in Ordovician time, a process that likely involved several subduction-eduction events before the subsequent collision between the palaeocontinents Laurentia and Baltica in Silurian and Early Devonian time (e.g. Gee et al. 2008). However, there are still uncertainties regarding the evolution and timing of the orogenic processes involved in the formation of the Caledonian orogen. To further investigate the time constraints on the key orogenic events, detailed studies of different high-pressure lithologies and mylonites are required. Such high-pressure lithologies are found in Jämtland, central Sweden, to occur in the Lower and Middle Seve Nappe Complex (SNC). Recent studies of the SNC have revealed not only higher PT-conditions than previously thought, but also revised the time constraints on the main collision event (Majka et al. 2012, Janák et al. 2013, Klonowska et al. 2014). The Åreskutan Mountain in Jämtland, central Sweden, is a key locality in the studies of high-pressure metamorphism in the Scandinavian Caledonides. The so called Åreskutan Nappe belongs to the Seve Nappe Complex (SNC). This study focuses on the Helags Mountain area, mapped as an equivalent to the Åreskutan Nappe, but not yet studied in any detail. In order to add to the knowledge of the evolution of the Scandinavian Caledonides the aim of the study has been to formulate a P-T-t-D model for the Helags Mountain area. This is done by structural studies, P-T estimates and monazite geochronology. A total of eight samples were collected from five localities in the area, each sample representative of the mineralogical and textural variations seen within the different lithologies of the study area. Two samples of special interest were selected for detailed petrological and mineralogical studies: one mylonite sample and one representative non-sheared sample. The mylonite sample was collected from a shear (thrust) zone in the northern part of the area, and investigated for kinematic indicators on microscopic scale. The main mineral assemblage of this sample is quartz + plagioclase + biotite + white mica, with accessory rutile + zircon + monazite. The foliation is well-developed and marked by biotite and white mica. Plagioclase grains occur as deformed porphyroclasts with fine grained feldspar and quartz having crystallized in pressure the shadows. In addition, sheared out quartz lenses with elongated biotite grains outline a C-type fabric that indicates a top-to-the-northeast movement. This is in agreement with the general direction of emplacement of the nappes in the Scandinavian Caledonides. The second selected sample is a garnet bearing mica schist collected in the vicinity of the same shear zone. Based on mineralogy this sample was deemed suitable for determination of peak P-T conditions. The main mineral assemblage consists of quartz + plagioclase + biotite + muscovite + phengite + garnet + carbonates, with accessory ilmenite + monazite + zircon. The small, >0.5 mm, subhedral to anhedral garnet is of dominantly almandine composition, and occurs distributed randomly in the matrix. In general, the garnets show cores with numerous tiny inclusions, of which some give strong carbon EDS peaks. Surrounding the inner core areas of inclusions are areas free of such inclusions. These outer core areas exhibit an euhedral shape towards the rim areas. These two zones of the core are not clearly seen in the chemistry of the garnets, which in the core region is rather constant with slight variations in all end-members. This lack of zonation bet ween areas with and without inclusions may possibly be the result of homogenizing of the core regions at high temperatures (c.f. Florence & Spear 1991). The rim areas on the other hand show a distinct change in chemistry from the cores, with a decrease in almandine, spessartine, and pyrope matched by an increase in grossular. Multiphase inclusions (25–50 μm in diameter) in some garnets show negative crystal shape, and are composed of plagioclase + quartz + K-feldspar ± epidote ± chlorite ± ilmenite. These inclusions are interpreted as so called nanogranites (c.f. Cesare et al. 2009), indicative of the presence of melt at the time of garnet growth. Both selected samples carried accessory moazite and were therefore selected for dating by U-Th-total Pb method. Two different ages were obtained for the two studied samples: 426 ± 4.5 Ma and 438 ± 6.9 Ma, respectively. These ages are comparable with those obtained by Majka et al. (2012) for Åreskutan. In that study, monazites of c. 439 Ma were interpreted as recording an event of partial melting related to decompression. A younger monazite age of c. 424 Ma was believed to represent the timing of emplacement of Åreskutan onto the Lower Seve Nappe. A preliminary conclusion is therefore that the rocks of the Helags Mountain area record a similar history to that of the Åreskutan Nappe. A record of an earlier history of high-pressure metamorphism remains to be seen but so far these preliminary results points towards the Helags Mountain area indeed being equivalent to the key locality of the Åreskutan Nappe. This also shows that studies of the Helags Mountain area can shed further light on the geological history of the Seve Nappe Complex, and can add another piece to the Caledonian puzzle.

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Shock structures in the Morasko meteorite - preliminary SEM data

Brachaniec T.

Contemporary Trends in Geoscience

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2014

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Vol. 3, iss. 1

1--4

EN

This paper is a preliminary review of main shock deformations in the Morasko meteorite. Three main types of metamorphism structures occur in the investigated material: (i) brittle, (ii) plastic and (iii) thermal. Their interpretation may indicate, that Morasko meteorite reveals several stages of shock, eg.: extraterrestrial collisions and fall on the Earth.

8

Alteration of mélange-hosted chromitites from Korydallos, Pindos ophiolite complex, Greece: evidence for modification by a residual high-T post-magmatic fluid

Kapsiotis A. N.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2014

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Vol. 64, no. 4

473--494

EN

The peridotites from the area of Korydallos, in the Pindos ophiolitic massif, crop out as deformed slices of a rather dismembered sub-oceanic, lithospheric mantle section and are tectonically enclosed within the Avdella mélange. The most sizeable block is a chromitite-bearing serpentinite showing a mesh texture. Accessory, subhedral to euhedral Cr-spinels in the serpentinite display Cr# [Cr/(Cr + Al)] values that range from 0.36 to 0.42 and Mg# [Mg/(Mg + Fe2+)] values that vary between 0.57 and 0.62, whereas the TiO2 content may be up to 0.47 wt.%. The serpentinite fragment is characterized by low abundances of magmaphile elements (Al2O3: 0.66 wt.%, CaO: 0.12 wt.%, Na2O: 0.08 wt.%, TiO2: 0.007 wt.%, Sc: 4 ppm) and enrichment in compatible elements (Cr: 2780 ppm and Ni: 2110 ppm). Overall data are in accordance with derivation of the serpentinite exotic block from a dunite that was formed in the mantle region underneath a back-arc basin before tectonic incorporation in the Korydallos mélange. Two compositionally different chromitite pods are recognized in the studied serpentinite fragment, a Cr-rich chromitite and a high-Al chromitite, which have been ascribed to crystallization from a single, progressively differentiating MORB/IAT melt. Although both pods are fully serpentinized only the Al-rich one shows signs of limited Cr-spinel replacement by an opaque spinel phase and clinochlore across grain boundaries and fractures. Modification of the ore-making Cr-spinel is uneven among the Al-rich chromitite specimens. Textural features such as olivine replacement by clinochlore and clinochlore disruption by serpentine indicate that Cr-spinel alteration is not apparently related to serpentinization. From the unaltered Cr-spinel cores to their reworked boundaries the Al2O3 and MgO abundances decrease, being mainly compensated by FeOt and Cr2O3 increases. Such compositional variations are suggestive of restricted ferrian chromite (and minor magnetite) substitution for Cr-spinel during a short-lived but relatively intense, low amphibolite facies metamorphic episode (temperature: 400–700 °C). The presence of tremolite and clinochlore in the interstitial groundmass of the high-Al chromitite and their absence from the Cr-rich chromitite matrix imply that after chromitite formation a small volume of a high temperature, post-magmatic fluid reacted with Cr-spinel, triggering its alteration.

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Przemiany metamorficzne skał : badania eksperymentalne

Pawlikowski M., Strojek E.

Auxiliary Sciences in Archaeology, Preservation of Relics and Environmental Engineering

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2013

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nr 15

1-67

10

Zastosowanie analizy spektroskopowej w podczerwieni w badaniach skał z pogranicza diagenezy i anchimetamorfizmu

Kowalska S., Przelaskowska A., Mroczkowska-Szerszeń M.

Nafta-Gaz

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2012

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R. 68, nr 12

949--958

PL

W artykule przedstawiono przykład zastosowania analizy spektroskopowej w podczerwieni w badaniach skał z pogranicza diagenezy i metamorfizmu niskiego stopnia. Podstawowym założeniem przeprowadzonych badań było odniesienie względem siebie dwóch indeksów mogących służyć jako paleotermometry indeksu Flehmiga oraz indeksu Küblera. Oba indeksy umożliwiają oznaczanie stopnia diagenezy materiału pelitycznego w oparciu o analizę postępu procesu illityzacji smektytu. W rozpatrywanym zakresie temperatur analizowany jest głównie stopień rekrystalizacji materiału illitowego w muskowit.

EN

The article describes the application of spectroscopic infrared analysis for diagenetic and very low grade metamorphic rocks. The aim of the research was to compare two indices that can be used as paleothermometers – the Flehmig index and the Kübler index. Both of them allow to analyze the diagenesis grade of the pelitic rocks based on the smectite illityzation process completion (in the researched temperature range it is mainly recristallization grade of illitic material into muscovite).

11

The thermoluminescence of meteorites: a brief 2010 perspective

Sears D. W. G.

Geochronometria

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2011

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Vol. 38, no. 3

303-313

EN

Early work on meteorite thermoluminescence, influenced by pottery dating and dosimetry applications, demonstrated a relationship between natural thermoluminescence and (1) the orbital per-ihelion of a meteorite and (2) the terrestrial age (time since fall) of a meteorite. For 14 years natural TL measurements were routinely made on newly recovered Antarctic meteorites to help identify unu-sual thermal and radiation histories, and to sort them by terrestrial age and perihelion. Two examples of the value of such data are presented, an Antarctic meteorite that underwent a major orbit change prior to fall and the collection mechanics of meteorites at the Lewis Cliff collection site. A second major area of focus for meteorite TL, that has no non-meteorite heritage, is the use of their induced TL to provide an extraordinarily sensitive and quantitative means of exploring metamorphic intensity and palaeothermometry. While especially valuable for unequilibrated ordinary chondrites, these types of measurement have proved useful with virtually every major class of meteorite, asteroidal and plan-etary. The challenge now is to extend the technique to small particles, micrometeorites, interplanetary dust particles, and cometary particles.

12

Deformation structures in the gneissic exotic pebbles from the area of Wołosate (Cisna sandstone, Dukla tectonic unit, Outer Carpathians, Poland)

Kania M., Wolska A.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2009

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Vol. 79, No 1

41-52

EN

Gneissic exotic pebbles from the Cisna beds (Dukla tectonic unit) in the region of Wołosate (Bieszczady Mts., Eastern Carpathians) were investigated. These exotic pebbles are from 9.5 to 13 cm in size. Basing on the structural features, the following groups of exotic pebbles were distinguished: granitic gneisses, laminated gneisses, flaser gneisses and mylonitic gneisses. Granite - granodiorite protolith was deformed in the shear zone; strain partitioning was probably an important process during deformation. The observed structures allow to determine the temperature of metamorphism as 500-550°C. The lower limit of pressure was determined basing on phengite geobarometer as 5 kbar. The nature and localization of the source area can be similar to the Bretila sequence from the Romanian Eastern Carpathians.

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Wstępna charakterystyka strukturalno-petrograficzna fyllitów z Podmąchocic w regionie łysogórskim Gór Świętokrzyskich

Salwa S.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 6

513-520

EN

Four tectonic deformation events are recorded in the Middle Cambrian rocks from Kamecznica Podmąchocicka. The D1 event took place in Cambrian and originated from tremor. Its structural record includes synsedimentary folds and seismites. The D2–D3, and most probably also D4, events resulted from progressive deformation produced by tectonic compression initially from NE and then NNE direction. Folding was accompanied by green facies metamorphism, which resulted in development of phyllites. Composition and characteristic deformations of minerals suggest that they were produced in temperature ranging from 300ş to 400şC and differential pressure above 1.7 kbar (170 MPa). The combined deformation and metamorphism resulted in three generations of foliation — S1 to S3 defined by crenulated cleavage planes. New blasts of quartz, small scale muscovite (sericite), chlorites and sporadically biotite grew within these cleavage planes. Deformations and metamorphism took place after the Middle Cambrian, but before the Late Silurian. It is indicated by presence of the quartzitic sandstone pebbles in the Miedziana Góra Conglomerates.

14

The Variscan Orogen in Poland

Mazur S., Aleksandrowski P., Kryza R., Oberc-Dziedzic T.

Geological Quarterly

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2006

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Vol. 50, No. 1

89-118

EN

The structure and evolution of the Polish part of the Variscan Orogenic Belt is reviewed, based on published data and interpretations. The Sudetic segment of the Variscides, together with adjacent areas, experienced multi-stage accretion during successive collisional events that followed the closure of different segments of the Rheic Ocean. In SW Poland, Variscan tectono-stratigraphic units are tectonically juxtaposed and often bear record of contrasting exhumation/cooling paths, constrained by palaeontological and geochronological data. This points to the collage-type tectonics of this area. A three-partite subdivision of the Sudetes is proposed that reflects timing differences in deformation and exhumation of the respective segments. The Central,West and East Sudetes were deformed and amalgamated during the Middle/Late Devonian, at the turn from the Devonian to Carboniferous and during Early Carboniferous times, respectively. Problems in extending the classical tectono-stratigraphic zonation of the Variscides into the Sudetes are discussed and attributed to activity along Late Palaeozoic strike-slip faults and shear zones, disrupting and dispersing the initially more simply distributed tectono-stratigraphic units into the present-day structural mosaic. Relationships between the Variscan Externides and the foreland basin are explored. Sediments of the foreland basin locally onlap the external fold-and-thrust belt that had undergone an earliest Carboniferous partial tectono-thermal overprint. During the Late Carboniferous, the SW part of the foreland basin was heavily affected by thrusting and folding and incorporated into the Externides. DuringWestphalian C to Early Permian times, localized folding and thrusting affected the distal parts of the foreland basin, probably in response to dextral transpressional movements along NW–SE trending basement faults.

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Magmatyzm i metamorfizm strefy tektonicznej Kraków-Lubliniec jako przesłanki występowania złóż polimetalicznych

Truszel M., Karwowski Ł., Lasoń K., Markiewicz J., Żaba J.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2006

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nr 418

55-103

PL

Wzdłuż strefy tektonicznej Kraków-Lubliniec tworzącej kontakt pomiędzy blokami małopolskim i górnośląskim stwierdzono występowanie licznych przejawów magmatyzmu, w rejonie Myszkowa, Zawiercia, Pilicy, Doliny Będkowskiej i Koziegłów (Mysłowa) oraz Żarek. Powstanie intruzji granitoidów łączy się z wielofazową ewolucją strukturalną tej strefy, której szczególnie duża aktywność zaznaczyła się pod koniec syluru i w karbonie górnym. Mineralizacja kruszcowa występuje zarówno w skałach magmowych jak i w zmetamorfizowanych skałach osłony (wendyjskich i paleozoicznych). Skały magmowe to genetycznie różnorodna asocjacja skał intruzywnych: granitoidów (głównie granodiorytów, rzadziej granitów), porfirów (dacytów), dolerytów (diabazów) i gabr. Przeobrażenia o charakterze metamorfizmu regionalnego (facja zieleńcowa) zaznaczyły się tylko w utworach kompleksu wendyjskiego, natomiast metamorfizm termiczny i termiczno-metasomatyczny, będący efektem oddziaływania granitoidowych intruzji na skały otaczające, obejmuje utwory: wendu, ordowiku, syluru i dewonu. Okruszcowanie skał wykazuje ścisły związek z oddziaływaniem wysoko stężonych solanek zasobnych w metale, powiązanych genetycznie z kwaśnym magmatyzmem. Pierwiastkami wskaźnikowymi, które mogą mieć znaczenie prognostyczne przy poszukiwaniu zakrytych złóż porfirowych w innych obszarach tego rejonu, są: W, Mo, Cu, Ag, K, F, Sb, Hg, Au, Pb, Ba, As, Zn, Bi i Te.

EN

Numerous occurrences of magmatism are observed in the vicinity of Myszków, Zawiercie, Pilica, Będkowska Valley, Koziegłowy (Mysłów) and Żarki along the Kraków-Lubliniec tectonic zone which is a contact zone of the Małopolska and Upper Silesia blocks. The formation of granitoid intrusion is related to a multiphase structural evolution of the zone whose especially intensive activity took place at the end of the Silurian and Upper Carboniferous. Ore mineralization occurs both in igneous and metamorphic wall rocks (Vendian, Palaeozoic). Igneous rocks consist of a genetically different association of intrusive rocks: granitoids (mainly granodiorites, rare granites), dacites, dolerites (diabases) and gabbros. Alterations, which show regional metamorphic nature (greenschist facies), were recorded only in the Vendian complex formations, while thermal and thermal -metasomatic metamorphism, being the effect of influence of granitoid intrusion into wall rocks, affected Vendian, Ordovician, Silurian and Devonian formations. Ore contents of the rocks show direct relationship with highly concentrated metal-rich salinewaters, closely related to acid magmatism. W, Mo, Cu, Ag, K, F, Sb, Hg, Au, Pb, Ba, As, Zn, Bi and Te are elements-pathfinders which can be applied to searching for covered porphyry deposits in other parts of the region.

16

The tectonometamorphic evolution of the marbles in the Lądek-Śnieżnik Metamorphic Unit, West Sudetes

Jastrzębski M.

Geologia Sudetica

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2005

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Vol. 37

1-26

EN

Together with the adjacent rocks, the marbles of the Lądek-Śnieżnik Metamorphic Unit (LSMU), West Sudetes, SW Poland underwent a polyphase structural evolution that occurred in metamorphic conditions changing from medium-grade to low-grade and in deformation regimes changing from ductile to semi-brittle. The structural evolution of the marbles began with E-W subhorizontal shortening resulting in the tilting of the Cal-Dol layering (which had generally originated as a pre-tectonic and pre-metamorphic feature) and its transposition to a steeply dipping metamorphic S1 foliation. The subsequent vertical flattening occurred at the temperature peak of regional metamorphism and produced the N-S trending tight, recumbent F2 folds. This event is also documented by the subhorizontal S2 axial-plane carbonate grain shape fabric and the parallel alignment of Phl-MsšTršCzo in the marbles, and the S2 axial-plane schistosity in the adjacent mica schists. The temperature increase was associated with the progressive mineral sequence Phl › Tr › Di in the dolomite-bearing marbles, which probably initially equilibrated at low to moderate X(CO2). Under peak temperatures, the observed arrangement of the metamorphic zonation of the Stronie formation developed, overprinting the folded planes. Subsequently, under retrogressive conditions, younger deformations were localised in the dynamically recrystallised shear zones that mostly reactivated the S2 planes and were associated with a late top-to-the-N (NE) directed tectonic transport. The D3 mylonitisation was associated with the elongation and size reduction of carbonate grains within the S-C' or S-C mylonites. It produced the S3 planes and the N-S trending L3 stretching lineation. Both groups of the tectonic structures and D2-established mineral isograds (Tr-in and Di-in) were together reoriented during the late compressional stages D4 and D5, related respectively to the SW-NE (WSW-ENE) and NW-SE (NNW-SSE) directed tectonic shortenings. This is visible in the large scale F4 folds, the diversity of the D2-and D3-related mineral assemblages, and the temperature estimations related to both tectonic stages, which indicate decreasing metamorphic conditions from ? 600°C in the SE to ? 490°C in the NE of the LSMU during D2, and from ca. 510°C to 430°C for the respective domains during D3. The incomplete pattern of the Di-in and Tr-in isograds, which still refers to the geometry of gneiss-schist boundary, confirms that the macrostructures of the LSMU mainly developed in tectonic event(s) following the temperature peak of metamorphism.

17

The 40Ar/39Ar cooling ages of white micas from the Jegłowa Beds (Strzelin Massif, Fore-Sudetic Block, SW Poland)

Szczepański J.

Geologia Sudetica

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2002

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Vol. 34

1-7

EN

The metamorphic rocks of the Strzelin Massif, in the Fore-Sudetic Block, underwent polyphase tectonothermal evolution terminating with late orogenic gravitational collapse. These rocks recorded Early Permian cooling ages in the range of 279-285 Ma, obtained on white mica concentrates derived from metasediments of the Jegłowa Beds. The obtained results correspond to the youngest group of ages presented by Maluski et al. (1995) from the northern part of the Jeseník Mts, the Moravo-Silesian Zone of the East Sudetes. They suggest very low exhumation rate.

18

Mineralogical and geochemical study of thermally altered country rocks of granodiorite intrusion in the Będkowska Valley near Kraków (S Poland)

Koszowska E., Wolska A.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2000

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Vol. 70, No. 3-4

261-281

EN

Extensive zone of thermally altered sedimentary rocks occurring in the contact aureole of granodiorite intrusion has been described from the boreholes in the Będkowska Valley near Kraków. Depending on the composition of primary rocks and the distance from the intrusion the following metamorphic rocks were formed: fine-grained cordierite hornfelses, macroscopically spotted andalusite hornfelses, chlorite-bearing spotted rocks, metaconglomerates, metasandstones and metamudstones. These rocks consist of various neogenic minerals: cordierite, andalusite, biotite, muscovite, feldspars and corundum. The rocks and neogenic minerals have been investigated in details using optical and electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, EDS and chemical methods (ICP, INAA, XRF). Characteristic contact metamorphic mineral paragenesis suggests that the most altered rocks in question were formed within temperature range from 580 to 630°C and pressure about 1-2 kbar under conditions corresponding to the orthoclase-cordierite hornfels facies of thermal metamorphism.

PL

Rozległa strefa przeobrażonych termicznie skał osadowych tworzących aureolę kontaktową dookoła intruzji granodiorytu została opisana z wierceń (otwory DB-5 i WB-102A) usytuowanych w Dolinie Będkowskiej (na północny zachód od Krakowa). W zależności od odległości od intruzji oraz pierwotnego składu mineralnego i chemicznego skał osadowych, podczas metamorfizmu kontaktowego powstały następujące skały: drobnoziarniste hornfelsy kordierytowe, makroskopowo plamiste hornfelsy andaluzytowe, skały plamiste z chlorytem, metazlepieńce, metapiaskowce i metamułowce. W badanych skałach stwierdzono występowanie następujących neogenicznych minerałów: kordierytu, andaluzytu, biotytu, muskowitu, skaleni i korundu. Skały przeobrażone termicznie, oraz ich neogeniczne minerały zostały szczegółowo przebadane mikroskopowo (mikroskop polaryzacyjny i elektronowy), metodą rentgenowską oraz metodami chemicznymi (klasyczna analiza chemiczna, ICP, INAA, XRF oraz EDS i mikrosonda). Obecność w badanych skałach paragenez mineralnych charakterystycznych dla facji ortoklazowo-kordierytowo-hornfelsowej metamorfizmu kontaktowego (według terminologii Winklera) może sugerować zakres temperatur (580-630°C) i ciśnień (1-2 kbar), w którym doszło do najintensywniejszej termicznej transformacji skał osadowych.

19

The stages of thermodestruction solid fuel and organic substances by data of the derivatographic investigation.

Goryushkin V.F., Oshovsky V.V., Saranchuk V.I.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Chemii i Technologii Nafty i Węgla Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Konferencje

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1999

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Vol. 9, nr 56

389-393

EN

The investigation results of coal thermal destruction at the non-isothermal heating condition using derivatograph device Q-1500 are presented. The original method of derivatographical data processing were applied. Using elaborated software this method have allowed to determine stages of thermal destruction process organic mass of coal. Coincidence between stages maximum temperature and gas evolution maximum temperature were noted for coals of metamorphism row.

20

Petrografia i geneza paragnejsów dwułyszczykowych metamorfiku Doboszowic (Dolny Śląsk) i towarzyszących im amfibolitów

Puziewicz J., Mazur S., Papiewska C.

Archiwum Mineralogiczne

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1999

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T. 52, z. 1

35-70

PL

Wschodnia część metamorfiku Doboszowic (Dolny Śląsk) jest zbudowana z gnejsów dwułyszczykowych zawierających wkładki łupków łyszczykowych. Skałom tym towarzyszą amfibolity i gnejsy amfibolowe. Gnejsy dwułyszczykowe składają się z kwarcu, kwaśnego, jednorodnego plagioklazu, skalenia potasowego, dwóch generacji muskowitu, biotytu i podrzędnego granatu. Łupki łyszczykowe, pozbawione skaleni, obfitują miejscami w granat, staurolit i dysten. Żelazista pargasytowa hornblenda, plagioklaz o składzie andezynu, miejscami granat i młodszy od nich epidot są głównymi minerałami ambiolitów. Gnejsy amfibolowe są skałami przejściowymi między gnejsami dwułyszczykowymi a amfibolitami. Skład chemiczny i zróżnicowanie skał występujących we wschodniej części metamorfiku Doboszowic wskazują na to, że ich protolitem była ilasto-szarogłazowa seria skalna z wkładkami bazaltów i ich tufów. Gnejsy wschodniej części metamorfiku Doboszowic i towarzyszące im skały przeszły prawoskrętną ścieżkę metamorfizmu na diagramie P-T. Najstarsze zarejestrowane w tych skałach wydarzenie tektonometryczne D1 zaczęło się przy ciśnieniu 8-10 kbar i temperaturze 700-740 C i zakończyło przy ciśnieniu 5 kbar i temperaturze 600-650 C. Deformacja D1 była związana z niekoaksjalnym ścinaniem o zwrocie "strop ku E". Kolejne wydarzenie D2 charakteryzowało się stałym ciśnieniem około 5 kbar i spadkiem temperatury od 600-650 C do 350 C. W trakcie tego wydarzenia skały zostały poddane ścinaniu o zwrocie "strop ku NE". W czasie deformacji D2 w zachodniej części metamorfiku Doboszowic miała miejsce intruzja magmy granitowej. Po zastygnięciu granit został zgnejsowany. Lokalnie na obszarze metamorfiku Doboszowic występują strefy skał, w których zarejestrowane zostały efekty ekstensyjnej deformacji D3. Deformacja D3 wiązała się ze ścinaniem o zwrocie "strop ku SW", przeciwnym niż zwrot ścinania w trakcie deformacji D2. Deformacja D3 miała miejsce w warunkach P-T zbliżonych do końcowej fazy D2.

EN

The eastern part of the Doboszowice Metamorphic Unit (Sudetes, SW Poland) consists of two-mica gneisses with subordinate intercalations of mica schists. The gneisses are accompanied by amphibolites and amphibole gneisses. The two-mica gneisses are composed of quartz, homogeneous plagioclase (An10-13), potassic feldspar, two generations of muscovite, biotite and scarce garnet. The mica schists lack feldspars and, in places, are rich in garnet, staurolite and kyanite. Ferroan pargasitic hornblende, andesine, epidote, and in places garnet are the main minerals of amphibolites. Epidote is obviously younger than the other minerals. The amphibole gneisses are transitional between the two-mica gneisses and amphibolites. Chemical composition and lithological sequence of the rocks occurring in the eastern part of the Doboszowice Metamorphic Unit suggest that pelitic greywackes with subordinate basalts and basaltic tuffs were their protolith. The gneisses of the eastern part of the Doboszowice Metamorphic Unit underwent the clockwise P-T path. The oldest recorded tectonic-metamorphic event D1 began under the pressure of 8-10 kbar and at the temperature of 700-740°C, and terminated under the pressure of 5 kbar and at the temperature of 600-650°C. The D1 deformation was characterized by a top to the E sense of shear. The next tectonic-metamorphic event D2 took place under the almost constant pressure of ca 5 kbar. Temperature decreased from 600-650 to 350°C. The D2 deformation involved a top to the NE shearing along the older foliation. The granitic pluton was syntectonically emplaced and gneissified in the western part of the Doboszowice Metamorphic Unit during the D2 event. The D3 extensional deformation overprinted locally the rocks of the Doboszowice Metamorphic Unit. A top to SW shearing was opposite to the sense of shear during the D2 deformation. The D3 event took place under the conditions similar to those of the final stages of the D2 event.