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Characterization and Bioavailability of Metallic Trace Elements in Different Organic Waste

Doughmi Ayoub, Elkafz Ghizlane, Benradi Fatima, Cherkaoui Essediya, Khamar Mohamed, Nounah Abderrahman, Zouahri Abdelmjid

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 3

133--140

EN

It is important to address metabolic and heavy metal issues in organic waste through sustainable development, circular economy principles and effective solid waste management, particularly focusing on composting as a crucial approach recognized in Morocco’s Green Generation Plan to reduce waste sent to landfills and mitigate greenhouse effects and gas emissions to fight against environmental pollution. This study aims to elevate the significance of organic waste in agriculture by employing composting technics, thereby mitigating its heavy metal content and safeguarding soil and farmland against various forms of contamination. This approach aligns seamlessly with the principles of sustainable development and the circular economy, advocating for responsible waste management and the augmentation of natural resource value. The findings of the study indicated a decrease in heavy metal levels across all composts, with a minimum values at the end of the composting in Gr compost recorded in all heavy metals analyzed (Pb – 0.1125 mg·kg-1, Cd – 0.08 mg·kg-1, Cr – 2.22 mg·kg-1, Zn – 10.88 mg·kg-1, Mn – 28.85 mg·kg-1, Cu –8.30 mg·kg-1, Fe – 545.18 mg·kg-1 and Ni – 1 mg·kg-1). The findings from the assessment of heavy metal levels in the examined compost samples demonstrate their adherence to regulatory standards. Consequently, these composts can be confidently employed as organic soil enhancers, contributing to the enrichment of agricultural soils and fostering plant growth, all while avoiding the potential hazard of undue metal contamination. This study comes to confirm and consolidate previous works findings regarding the valorization of organic solid waste through composting and to minimize their major environmental risks by reducing trace metal elements through this biological process.

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Physicochemical Characterization and Metallic Contamination of the Waters of Oued Nfifikh (Morocco)

Merbouh Chaimaa, Kabriti Mohamed, Nahli Abdelmottalib, Rihane Abdeslam, Iounes Nadia

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 1

1--11

EN

Oued Nfifikh is a coastal stream of the Bouregreg and Chaouia watershed (Morocco). It passes through many rural and urban areas and receives different types of liquid and solid discharges from anthropogenic activities adopted along the watercourse. This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical quality of the water from the most accessible sites upstream and downstream of Oued Nfifikh, along with highlighting the impact of human activities on these waters’ quality. For this purpose, water samples were collected and analyzed within normalized methods. Statistical analysis of the collected data shows significant spatial variations (pvalue < 0.05) for pH, electrical conductivity, nitrate and chloride, and for metallic trace elements (Zn, Fe, Ba, Mn, Cr and Al). Unlike (temperature, Pb, Ni, Cu and Cd), whose values do not present statistically significant variations (pvalue > 0.05). The study of the physicochemical quality reveals that the waters at the upstream are classed as good quality, except for site (S2), located at the upstream part of the river, it is affected by human activities. Consequently, its physicochemical composition is quite similar to that of waters of poor quality at the downstream sites. The Principal Component Analysis of the results followed by the Ascending Hierarchical Classification on the same data matrix allowed to regroup the sampling sites with similar characteristics into three distinct groups. A group of highly mineralized waters, a second group dominated by elements indicating urban pollution, and a group of waters with low mineral content and low metallic contamination indicating agricultural pollution.

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Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of the Inaouene Watershed Upstream the Idriss 1st Dam, Northern Morocco

Laaraj Marouane, Mesnage Valerie, Nabih Soumaya, Mliyeh Mohammed Mouad, Lahmidi Ikram, Benaabidate Lahcen

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 9

157--170

EN

In order to evaluate the degree of sediment contamination by metallic trace elements in the watershed of Oued Inaouene (North-East of Morocco), samples of surface sediments were taken along the river and at the level of the Idriss 1st dam. The objective was to obtain thorough knowledge of the environment (metallic element content, organic matter content, granulometry, and pH, EC, CaCO3 content) in order to identify the degree of pollution in these sediments. The results of analysis have highlighted a contamination accentuated by Ba, Sr, P, Cu, Pb, In fact, this element is present at very high levels, with a maximum content ppm for the samples taken upstream of Oued Inaouene. This increase is related to the physicochemical conditions of the environment, despite the diversity of sources of pollutants. The analysis of hazardous heavy metals showed the values under the detection limits. The qualitative study allowed to identifying the source of contamination, it is an anthropogenic source related to the discharges of cities in vicinity of Oued Inaouene, and natural considered as the main source of pollution by trace elements of sediments that constitute an important reserve of pollutants in the environment.

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Assessment of Trace Metal Concentrations in Three Seafood Deep-Sea Fished Caught in the Moroccan Atlantic

Akhouchal Ihya, Ait Alla Aicha, Hajji Sara, Agnaou Mustapha, Moukrim Abdellatif

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 9

87--98

EN

The investigation within the framework of this study was carried out on three marine species fished off in Moroccan coasts, namely: a fish, the sole (Solea Vulgaris), a cephalopod, the cuttlefish (Sepia Officinalis) and a crustacean, the pink shrimp (Parapenaeus Longirostris). The aims of this study were assessing the level of concentration in these three marine species, of three metallic trace elements: lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) and giving a reflection on the way in which Moroccan deep-sea fishing professionals can join a food safety management system to ensure the safety of their product and promote their competitiveness. Sampling was carried out at the port of Agadir city after landing of the deep-sea fishing boats which operate beyond 10 nautical miles, offshoring the seabed of Agadir for pink shrimp (Parapenaeus Longirostris), and in Dakhla city offshore for sole (Solea Vulgaris) and cuttlefish (Sepia Officinalis). Trace metal analysis was performed on individual muscles belonging to the three species. The results of the conducted investigations show that the Pb content varies between 0.01 ppm and 0.27 ppm in Solea Vulgaris; between 0.015 ppm and 0.16 ppm in Sepia Officinalis and between 0.022 ppm and 0.38 ppm for Parapenaeus Longirostris. For Cd, the concentrations vary between 0.0047 ppm and 0.050 ppm in Solea Vulgaris; between 0.0025 ppm and 0.254 ppm in Sepia Officinalis and between 0.0065 ppm and 0.11 ppm in Parapenaeus Longirostris. Concerning Hg, the contents vary between 0.0006 ppm and 0.075 ppm in Solea Vulgaris; between 0.0008 ppm and 0.05 ppm in Sepia Officinalis and between 0.0016 ppm and 0.09 ppm in Parapenaeus Longirostris. It appears from this study that the metal contents detected at the level of the three species of seafood investigated are below the regulatory thresholds. These results can be considered as the first basis for validating the control measure linked to the absence of metallic contamination of the three species in the sites studied.