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1

The beneficial role of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in phytoremediation of wetland plants and tolerance to metal stress

Sidhoum Warda, Fortas Zohra

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2019

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Vol. 45, no. 1

103--114

EN

The potential of fi ve plants namely Atriplex halimus L., A. canescens (Pursh) Nutt., Suaeda fruticosa (Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel.), Marrubium vulgare L. and Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter from two selected wetlands in northwest Algeria subjected to house and industrial effluents were examined to assess their arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) diversity and colonization, as well as to determine their tolerance and ability in accumulating metallic trace elements (MTEs). The purpose was to investigate whether, or not, these fungi are related to metallic uptake. Arbuscular mycorrhizal association was observed in all plant species, since the dual association between AMF and dark septate endophytes (DSE) was found in roots of 80% plants species. Hence, the decreasing trend of metal accumulation in most plant organs was Zn>Cu>Pb, and the most efficient species were M. vulgare> S. fruticosa>A. canescens> D. viscosa> A. halimus. The bioaccumulator factors exceeded the critical value (1.0) and the transport factors indicated that all these species were phytoremediators. Pearson correlation showed that Cd bioaccumulation and translocation were inhibited by AMF infection; meanwhile Zn, Pb and Cd accumulation were affected by AMF spore density and species richness, DSE frequency, pH, AMF and plant host. Native halophytes showed a multi-metallic resistance capacity in polluted wetlands. M. vulgare was the most efficient in metal accumulation and the best host for mycorrhizal fungi. AMF played a major role in metal accumulation and translocation.

2

Heavy metal accumulation in leaves of Hydrocharis morsus-ranae l. and biomonitoring applications

Polechońska L., Dambiec M.

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2014

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No. 12

95--105

EN

In present study the concentrations of Hg, Mn, Zn, Fe and Cu in water, bottom sediments and leaves of Hydrocharis morsus-ranae from 11 oxbow lakes of the Odra River were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Trace metal concentration in water and bottom sediments were below the geochemical background, indicating no anthropogenic impact in the studied area. On average, the concentrations of metals in leaves of H. morsus ranae exceeded natural thresholds. A high bioaccumulation factors for metals were recorded. The significant positive correlations found between the content Zn, Fe and Hg of in water and in the H. morsus ranae indicate the potential use of the species in the biomonitoring of environmental contamination with these metals.

PL

Rośliny wodne od lat znajdują zastosowanie w bioindykacji skażenia środowiska wodnego metalami śladowymi, ze względu na istniejącą zależność między zawartością pierwiastków w ich tkankach i w otaczającym je środowisku. Stopień kumulacji metalu zależy zarówno od rodzaju metalu, jak i od gatunku rośliny. Gatunek wskaźnikowy powinien być reprezentatywny dla obszaru badań, wszechobecny oraz łatwy w identyfikacji i zbieraniu, a także charakteryzować się wysoką tolerancją na metale i wysokimi współczynnikami ich kumulacji. Celem badań była ocena zdolności do akumulacji metali ciężkich przez Hydrocharis morsus-ranae oraz określenie jego przydatności w bioindykacji. Pobrano próbki wody, osadów dennych oraz liści żabiścieku pływającego z 11 zbiorników wodnych okolic Ścinawy. W próbkach oznaczono zawartości Hg, Mn, Zn, Fe i Cu. Zawartości metali w wodzie, osadach i roślinach wykazały istotne statystycznie różnice pomiędzy stanowiskami. Stężenia metali w wodzie i osadach dennych były niższe niż tło biogeochemiczne, co wskazuje na brak antropogenicznego zanieczyszczenia tymi metalami. Wysokie stężenia metali oraz wysokie współczynniki akumulacji w roślinach, a także dodatnie korelacje między zawartościami Zn, Fe i Hg w liściach H. morsus-ranae i wodzie wskazują na możliwość wykorzystania tego gatunku w biomonitoringu. Rośliny rosnące w zbiorniach wodnych zlokalizowanych przy drogach o silnym natężeniu ruchu charakteryzują się znacznie wyższą zawartością Cu i Zn od roślin rosnących w rejonach rolniczych.

3

Heavy metal accumulation, resistance and Physiological status of some epigeic and epiphytic lichens inhabiting Zn and Pb polluted areas

Pawlik-Skowrońska B., Wójciak H., Skowroński T.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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Vol. 56, nr 2

195-207

EN

Heavy metal accumulation, physiological status and resistance against Zn and Pb were compared in lichens occurring in metalpolluted (Silesian Upland, S. Poland) and unpolluted (forest complex, NE Poland) areas. Sandy soil near Zn/Pb ore mine had significantly lower (5.35-times) metal content than dolomite-containing ground of mine tailing dump in polluted area (S. Poland). Metal contents in native lichens sampled from those sites followed the same pattern. Total Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu contents in native lichens recorded in two sites of Zn/Pb mining area varied broadly and were considerably higher than in lichens from a control unpolluted site. Independently of the sampling site, epiphytic lichens of higher surface to biovolume ratio (i.e. Candelariella Mull. Arg., Lepraria Ach.) accumulated much more metals (6.05 - 9.57 mg g[^-1] DW) than lichens of a lower ratio (e.g. 0.25 mg g[^-1]DW in Peltigera didactyla (With.) J.R.Laundon or 0.29 mg g[^-1] DW in some Cladonia Hill ex Browne). In general, the studied lichens accumulated metals in the following order: Zn>Pb>Cd=Cu, that was in agreement with the metal content in soils. However, Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrad. from tailing dump contained 2-fold more Pb than Zn. Internal Zn and Pb contents (non-exchangeable fraction) in the studied lichens ranged broadly from 17 to 90% of the total metal content. Phaeophytinisation quotients (PhQ), total chlorophyll contents and chl a/b ratios in the native lichens from polluted sites ranged 0.84 - 1.44; 0.514 - 4.858 mg g[^-1] DW and 2.09 - 5.56, respectively. Experimental exposure of selected species (Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl., Hypocenomyce scalaris (Ach.) Choisy, Lepraria elobata Tonsberg, L. incana (L.) Ach., sampled from the both polluted and unpolluted sites, to high doses of Zn[^2+] and Pb[^2+] (0.36 or 0.72 mmol g[^-1] DW) revealed higher resistance of lichens from the Zn/Pb-polluted sites than con-specific lichens from the unpolluted one. The resistance of epiphytic species from the polluted area to high doses of Zn[^2+] and Pb[^2+] increased as follows: H. physodes

4

A comparative seasonal pollution assessment study on Ennore Estuary with respect to metal accumulation in the grey mullet, Mugil cephalus

Padmini E., Vijaya Geetha B.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2007

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Vol. 36, No.4

91-103

EN

Environmental pollution is currently a major concern due to unorganised and increased industrialization and urban development. In the Tamilnadu state of India, on the Bay of Bengal, lies the Ennore estuary, which is an important industrial centre. The main industries in the region include a fertilizer company, refineries, a rubber factory, paint industry and a thermal power station. Investigations into the seasonal pollution impacts on the distribution of various metals in the waters of the Ennore estuary, situated in North Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, and the concentrations of some of the toxic metals in the tissue of the grey mullet, Mugil cephalus L., inhabiting in the same estuary were conducted during the period of April 2004 to March 2006. The results were compared to those of the Kovalam estuary, which is unpolluted. In the water at one sample site of the Ennore estuary, heavy metal concentrations ranged between: Pb 0.15-0.23, Hg 0.05-0.06, Cd 0.01-0.03, and Cr 3.33-1.093 ppm for summer and monsoon seasons, and were significantly related to the seasonal rains (p<0.01). In contrast, heavy metal concentrations in the Kovalam estuary ranged between: Pb 0.043-0.039, Hg non-detectable-0.001, Cd 0.01-0.098, and Cr 0.063-0.052 ppm, and were not significantly related to the rainy season. The metal concentrations found in the muscle tissues of Mugil cephalus L., at the same site on the Ennore estuary were: Fe 11.06 š0.29, Zn 1.67 š0.14, Cr 2.98 š0.15, and Pb 1.26 š0.11 ppm, which were also significantly related to season (p<0.01). The metal concentrations in fish inhabiting the Kovalam estuary were: Fe 2.17 š0.15, Zn 0.42 š0.05, Cr 0.63 š0.04, and Pb 0.31 š0.04, and showed no significant seasonal difference. The highest metal concentrations found in the tissues of the Ennore estuary fish which lead to the oxidative stress and shorten the lifespan of the fish are postulated to primarily result from anthropogenic activities and effluent discharge from the local industrial activities.

5

Effect of diversified calcium doses on heavy metal concentrations in broad bean plants (Vicia faba L. ssp. maior) growing in heavy metal polluted soils

Gospodarek J., Nadgórska-Socha A.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2006

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Vol. 13, nr 6

505-512

EN

The investigations aimed at determining the effect of diversified lime doses on heavy metal content in broad bean plants growing in soil polluted with heavy metals on the third level of pollution according to the IUNG Puławy, PL classification. The observations were conducted on broad beans (Vicia faba ssp. maior), White Windsor, c.v. cultivated in two series: in limed and unlimed soil. In each series the plants were cultivated in the following objects: unpolluted soil - with natural heavy metal content (Control), unpolluted soil with natural heavy metal concentrations receiving mineral fertilizers (Control + NPK), soil contaminated with cadmium dosed 4 mg o kg-' d.m., soil contaminated with 530 mg o kg-' d.m. of lead, soil polluted with 85 mg o kg-' d.m. of copper, soil polluted with zinc dosed 1000 mg o kg-' d.m. and soil contaminated with 110 mg o kg-' d.m. of nickel. Liming was conducted basing on the analysis of soil hydrolytic acidity Hh measured for individual objects. Two doses were applied: according to 1 Hh and 2 Hh. Lime doses were: Control 356 and 712 mg CaO o kg-' d.m.; Control + NPK - 420 and 840 mg CaO o kg-' d.m.; cadmium polluted soil - 504 and 1008 mg CaO o kg-' d.m.; soil contaminated with lead - 420 and 840 mg CaO - kg-' d.m.; soil contaminated with copper - 398 and 796 mg CaO o kg-' d.m.; soil polluted with zinc - 860 and 1720 mg CaO o kg-' d.m. and soil contaminated with nickel - 524 and 1048 CaO o kg-' d.m., respectively. Liming of soil contaminated with single heavy metals on the third pollution level according to the IUNG classification leads to the more limited accumulation of copper, cadmium, lead, nickel and zinc in the aerial parts and cadmium and lead accumulation in roots, the higher the lime dose applied. Liming of zinc contaminated soil leads to a limited absorption of this element by broad bean roots at lime dose calculated according to 2 Hh. Liming of copper polluted soil may cause an increase in this element concentrations in broad bean roots. Liming of soil contaminated with nickel does not affect this element content in broad bean roots.

PL

Celem podjętych badań było określenie wpływu zróżnicowanych dawek wapna na zawartość metali ciężkich w roślinach bobu rosnących w warunkach gleby zanieczyszczonej pojedynczymi metalami ciężkimi na poziomie III stopnia zanieczyszczenia wg klasyfikacji IUNG, Puławy. Obserwacje prowadzono na bobie (Vicio faba ssp. maior) odm. Windsor Biały uprawianym w dwóch seriach: na glebie wapnowanej i niewapnowanej. W każdej serii rośliny uprawiano w następujących obiektach: gleba niezanieczyszczona - o naturalnej zawartości metali ciężkich (Kontrola); gleba niezanieczyszczona - o naturalnej zawartości metali ciężkich nawożona mineralnie (Kontrola + NPK); gleba zanieczyszczona kadmem w dawce: 4 mg o kg -1 s.m.; gleba zanieczyszczona ołowiem w dawce: 530 mg o kg-1 s.m.; gleba zanieczyszczona miedzią w dawce: 85 mg o kg-1 s.m.; gleba zanieczyszczona cynkiem w dawce: 1000 mg o kg-1 s.m.; gleba zanieczyszczona niklem w dawce: 110 mg o kg-' s.m. Wapnowanie przeprowadzono korzystając z wyników analizy kwasowości hydrolitycznej Hh gleby z poszczególnych obiektów. Zastosowano dwie dawki: według 1 i 2 Hh. Dawki wapna wynosiły odpowiednio: Kontrola - 356 i 712 mg CaO o kg-' s.m.; Kontrola + NPK - 420 i 840 mg CaO o kg-1, s.m.; gleba zanieczyszczona kadmem - 504 i 1008 mg CaO o kg l s.m.; gleba zanieczyszczona oiowiem - 420 i 840 mg CaO o kg-' s.m.; gleba zanieczyszczona miedzią- 398 i 796 mg CaO o kg -' s.m.; gleba zanieczyszczona cynkiem 860 i 1720 mg CaO o kg-' s.m.; gleba zanieczyszczona niklem 524 i 1048 mg CaO - kg-' s.m. Wapnowanie gleby skażonej pojedynczymi metalami ciężkimi na poziomie III stopnia zanieczyszczenia powoduje ograniczenie kumulacji miedzi, kadmu, ołowiu, niklu i cynku w częściach nadziemnych bobu oraz kadmu i ołowiu w korzeniach, tym większe, im większa jest dawka wapna. Wapnowanie gleby skażonej cynkiem powoduje ograniczenie pobierania tego pierwiastka przez korzenie bobu przy dawce wapna obliczonej wg 2 Hh. Wapnowanie gleby skażonej miedzią może powodować wzrost zawartości tego pierwiastka w korzeniach bobu. Wapnowanie gleby skażonej niklem nie wpływa na zawartość tego pierwiastka w korzeniach bobu.

6

Selenium(IV) interactions with Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb expressed through physiology of Sinapis alba L.

Fargasova A.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2004

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Vol. 11, nr 2-3

131--141

EN

The effects of Se, Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb and pair combinations Se + Cd, Se + Cu, Se + Zn, and Se + Pb were determined during the study. The priority was to investigate how selenium influences toxicity of Cd, Zn, Cu, and Pb when the metals appear in the hydroponic solutions in pairs. As a model subject for tests mustard seedlings (Sinapis alba L.) were used. The phytotoxicity was determined through photosynthetic pigments production (chlorophyll a, b, and total carotenoids). The metal accumulation in the roots and cotyledons was also determined using AAS methods. When interactive relations between Se and other metals tested were observed the following conclusions can be drawn: In all Se - metal combinations the reciprocal antagonistic effect on chlorophylls production was observed and that indicates the reduction of single metals unfavourable effects. However, for carotenoids it was confirmed that in Se - metal combinations primarily mutual synergistic effect occurs between Se and other metals tested in used concentrations. Only in combination Se + Zn when comparison was done to Zn antagonistic effect was found out; while in contrast Se indicated synergistic effect to Zn. For metal accumulation in the roots and cotyledons it was confirmed that Se stimulate only Cd and slightly also Cu accumulation in the roots, while in cotyledons inhibited accumulation of Cd, Zn, and Pb and has indifferent effect on Cu accumulation. This fact indicates that Se generale some barriers for metal transfer from the roots to underground plant parts.

PL

Badano wpływ Se, Cd, Zn, Cu i Pb oraz kombinacji Se + Cd, Se + Cu, Se + Zn, Se + Pb na procesy fizjologiczne gorczycy białej (Sinapsis alba lo). Najważniejsze było określenie wpływu selenu na toksyczność Cd, Zn, Cu i Pb po wprowadzeniu tych par metali do roztworu hydroponicznego, w którym hodowano sadzonki badanej gorczycy. Fitotoksyczność określono na podstawie produkcji barwników fotosyntetycznych (chlorofili a i b oraz karotenoidów ogółem). Oznaczono także metodą AAS zawartość tych metali w korzeniach i liścieniach. We wszystkich kombinacjach Se - metal zaobserwowano wzajemny antagonizm w produkcji chlorofili, który zmniejszał niekorzystny wpływ działania pojedynczych metali. W przypadku karotenoidów potwierdzono, że kombinacja Se z metalem (dla badanych stężeń) ma wpływ synergetyczny. Tylko dla kombinacji Se + Zn, gdy porównywano wpływ zmiany stężenia Zn, stwierdzono działanie antagonistyczne tych metali; natomiast Se ma synergiczny wpływ na działanie Zn na Sinapsis alba L. Selen stymuluje tylko kumulację Cd w korzeniu i w liścieniu oraz w pewnym stopniu kumulację Cu w korzeniu, natomiast zatrzymuje kumulację Cd, Zn i Pb w liścieniu oraz nie ma wpływu na kumulację Cu w tym organie gorczycy. A zatem selen tworzy jakieś bariery dla translokacji metali z korzeni do nadziemnych części roślin.