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EN
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and bladder cancer (BC) are among the most frequently diagnosed urinary system cancers worldwide. They are characterized by high mortality and recurrence rates. In response to the rising incidence and mortality rates, scientists are exploring innovative diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Metabolomics, which analyzes metabolite levels, may enable early diagnosis and monitoring of therapy progress. Compared to other omics technologies, it focuses on the outcomes of metabolite activity, providing a unique perspective on processes occurring in cancer cells. Metabolomic analyses utilize techniques such as mass spectrometry. These methods allow the identification of biomarkers and precise determination of the chemical composition of biological samples. However, the most commonly used method is liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), which enables the most comprehensive screening of cancer metabolomes. Recent studies show significant progress in recognizing characteristic metabolites associated with urological cancers, although this area remains partially unexplored. Research on circulating metabolites, especially those present in easily accessible samples like blood or urine, demonstrates promising potential in clinical practice. Study results reveal differences in metabolic profiles between various stages of cancer development, which may have clinical significance. The future of this field involves an increasing number of clinical cohorts, standardization of sample preparation, and further improvements in instrument sensitivity and speed. LC-MS-based metabolomics has the potential to contribute to the improvement of diagnostics, therapy, and the quality of life of patients with some urological cancers. However, challenges, such as the lack of uniform methodologies and understanding of metabolite determinants, require further research and innovation.
EN
Metabolomics approaches allow systematic identification and quantitation of all metabolites in biological samples analyzes. As already known metabolism is directly or indirectly related to every aspect of cell function, therefore a careful observation of every changes taking place in metabolism, for example endogenous biochemical reaction products, reflectsthe phenotype of any living cell. Monitoring the metabolite profiles using metabolomics technologies, especially nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy based on cell culture, allows us to evaluate drug efficiency and outcome of experimental therapy, and most importantly, it allows us to monitor the reaction of the model cell lines to a given treatment. The continued development of metabolomic approaches, e.g. analytical technique, or chemometric software, will accelerate the widespread use of metabolomics not only in the clinical field but also in different biological fields. This work presents a use of nuclear magnetic resonance to characterize and understand the cellular metabolome in a wide range of pathophysiological and clinical contexts.
PL
Artykuł powstał na podstawie rozprawy doktorskiej pt.: 'The application of novel analytical techniques for metabolomics analysis of human breast milk samples' nagrodzonej przez Komitet chemii Analitycznej PAN w 2021 roku w konkursie na najlepsze prace doktorskie, nagroda ufundowana przez firmę Anchem.
EN
Typing microorganisms is a very important element of laboratory diagnostics. Appropriate recognition of the pathogen and determination of its sensitivity to the drugs used is necessary to start treatment. There are many types of microbial typing. The most popular division is genotypic and phenotypic typing (among which biotyping, antibiotic resistance analysis, and protein profile analysis are the most common) or phagotyping) [1, 2]. Recently, there has been a very rapid development of mass spectrometry techniques as a method for identifying microorganisms [3]. Mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) are methods that allow the comparison of metabolomic profiles of microorganisms. These are also methods commonly used in metabolomics. Metabolomics is a field of science dealing with the analysis of low-mass compounds characteristic of the studied material [4]. Therefore, the use of metabolomics in microbiology allows to identify and discriminate of microorganisms [5]. Recently, the analyzes also apply to metabolites. Many studies focus on the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that allow the analysis of samples directly from the patient without the need for isolation of a single microorganism [6, 7]. Recent studies show many possibilities for the use of NMR spectroscopy. The results of the analysis show that it is also a method that allows the identification and differentiation of strains of microorganisms. Thanks to this method it is also possible to determine the origin of the strain or to indicate its resistance to antibiotics. [10, 11]. Improvement of research algorithms used in metabolomics for biotyping microorganisms may in the future allow for the creation of a fast, accurate and cheap way to identify microorganisms. Proteomic tests using the MS method are very popular, in which protein profiles of strains are analyzed and compared. These studies are mainly conducted using MALDI-TOF MS mass spectrometry. This technique is now quite widely used in microbiological diagnostics [10]. The research confirms the high discrimination power of this method [11].
PL
Metabolomika wraz z proteomiką, transkryptomiką i genomiką zajmuje się badaniami złożonych oddziaływań zachodzących w systemach biologicznych, co umożliwia uzyskanie pełniejszego obrazu funkcjonowania organizmów żywych. Oznaczanie substancji organicznych i nieorganicznych (w tym jonowych), szczególnie w próbkach o złożonej matrycy, wymaga stosowania odpowiednich metod i technik analitycznych. Najnowsze trendy w tym zakresie dotyczą technik łączonych, w których metody separacyjne łączone są z różnymi metodami detekcji, najczęściej spektroskopowymi. Znajdują one zastosowania m.in. w: biochemii, geologii, medycynie, farmacji czy kontroli jakości produktów żywnościowych. Jedną z nich, szczególnie użyteczną w zakresie badań substancji jonowych, jest chromatografia jonowa i jej odmiany. W pracy przedstawiono możliwości ich zastosowań w badaniach metabolomicznych.
EN
Metabolomics, along with proteomics, transcriptomics and genomics, studies complex interactions that occur in biological systems, which enables to obtain a more complete representation of living organisms. The determination of organic and inorganic (including ionic) substances, especially in samples with a complex matrix, requires the use of suitable analytical techniques. The latest trends in this area relate to hyphenated techniques in which separation methods are combined with different detection methods, most often spectroscopic ones. They are used e.g. in biochemistry, geology, medicine, pharmacy, or the quality control of food products. One of them, which is especially useful in the field of ionic substance research, is ion chromatography, along with related techniques. The paper presents the possibilities of their applications in metabolomic research.
PL
Strategia analizy niecelowanej jest potężnym narzędziem umożliwiającym odkrycie wielu istotnych różnic biologicznych pomiędzy badanymi próbkami w jednym eksperymencie.
PL
Bez wątpienia naturalne mieszaniny eutektyczne mają potencjał innowacyjny i będą na coraz szerszą skalę wykorzystywane w badaniach naukowych oraz w różnych branżach przemysłowych.
PL
Badania metaboliczne wymagają stosowania czułych i zapewniających możliwość przeprowadzenia analizy w jak najkrótszym czasie procedur analitycznych pozwalających na jednoznaczną identyfikację i oznaczanie szerokiego spektrum me tabolitów obecnych w próbce.
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PL
Zbadano możliwość wykorzystania spektroskopii NMR do oceny profilu metabolicznego jaj będących surowcem dla przemysłu spożywczego. Badane próbki żółtka i białka jaj pochodziły od kur niosek karmionych paszą suplementowaną fitopreparatami zawierającymi głównie lucernę i/lub pulpę z żyworódki pierzastej. Stwierdzono, że substancje małocząsteczkowe zawarte w fitopreparatach nie są bezpośrednio transportowane do jaj, ale ich zastosowanie w paszy zmieniło skład metabolomiczny żółtka. Zaobserwowane zmiany dotyczyły przede wszystkim profilu aminokwasowego.
EN
Com. phytonutrients were mixed with Lucerne and/or Kalanchoe daigremonitana pulps and added to the fodder for laying hens. Yolk and albumen samples of eggs collected were analyzed by 1H-NMR. No direct transfer of low-mol. compds. from phytonutrient components into eggs was evidenced but some changes in amino acids profile of yolk were obsd.
11
Content available Chemiczne markery miodów odmianowych
PL
Spośród produktów pszczelich największym uznaniem konsumentów cieszą się miody. Pszczelarze polscy słyną z produkcji miodów o wysokich walorach smakowych, odżywczych i terapeutycznych. Niestety zdarza się coraz więcej przypadków fałszowania miodów i dlatego konieczne jest poszukiwanie nowych metod pomocnych w badaniu ich jakości.
EN
Among bee products, the honey is one most appreciated by consumers. Polish bee-keepers are famous for production of honey with great taste and good nutritious and therapeutic qualities. Unfortunately, there are more and more cases of honey adulteration and therefore, it is necessary to seek new methods that could be used in testing their quality.
12
EN
The aim of this study was applications of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NMR-based metabolic fingerprinting to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as possible early diagnostic tool. Two CSF sample categories were collected: 9 ALS patients and 13 age-matched control patients (without neurological disease). Metabolic profile of the CSF was determined by high resolution proton NMR spectroscopy. For statistical analysis magnitudes of 33 signals of the NMR spectrum were selected. Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal PLS-DA (OPLS-DA) modeling were used to find potential biomarkers of the disease. Those analyses showed that it was possible to distinguish the ALS patients from the control ones on the basis of the CSF metabolic profile. Significantly higher levels of metabolites observed in the patients with ALS may represent the state of anaerobic metabolism and excitotoxicity.
PL
Metabolomika jest działem nauki zajmującym się badaniem metabolu, czyli małych, endogennych, nieproteinowych substancji obecnych w organizmie, zarówno w płynach ustrojowych, jak i w tkankach. Związki te mogą być pośrednimi bądź ostatecznymi produktami metabolu komórkowego, a podstawowym zadaniem metabolomiki jest ich równoczesne oznaczenie.
EN
31P high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to examine phospholipid metabolism and to analyze the phosphate-containing compounds in the bile in the transplanted liver recipients, the cholelithiasis patients' and the living donors' groups. Three signals of NMR spectrum of raw bile were determined: inorganic phosphate (Pi), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPtdC), and phosphatidylcholine (PtdC) in all investigated groups. Pi concentration was significantly higher in the recipients' group than in the living donors' group (Mann-Whitney test, p < 0.05). LPtdC and PtdC concentrations were significantly higher (Mann-Whitney test, p < 0.05) in the cholelithiasis patients' group in comparison to the recipients' group. Between the cholelithiasis patients' group and the living donors' group no significant differences in the three analysed compounds were found. The chemometric analysis for the 31P NMR spectral data set provided good classifications between the living donors' and recipients' groups and the poor one among all groups. Results of our study suggest that 31P NMR spectroscopy in vitro may be used for assessment of graft function, for the early signs of rejection and for the predisposition to gallstone formation.
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