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Linear poly(ethylene imine) and poly (2-ethyl-2- oxazoline ) based polymers for film formation

Halacheva S., Price G., Wasbrough M., Edler K.

Polish Journal of Applied Chemistry

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2009

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Vol. 53, nr 1

23-30

EN

To assist in determining the mechanism of film formation when polymers are added to solutions of surfactants, polymers with varying structures are needed. Well-defined linear poly(ethylene imine) (LPEI) and poly(2-ethyI-2- oxazoline) (PEtOx) polymers with degrees of polymerization ranging from 11 to 96, have been prepared. Cationic ring opening polymerization of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline, initiated by methyl /j-toluene sulfonate (TsOMe), was used to prepare PEtOx; acid hydrolysis gave linear LPEIs. The polymers have been characterised by 'H NMR and GPC. The formation of mesostructured films at the air-solution interface from mixtures of these polymers with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C16TAB) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) has been investigated.

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Pre-Ordovician polyphase tectonics of the Cambrian sequences in the Kielce Unit, Holy Cross Mts. (Central Poland)

Gągała Ł.

Geological Quarterly

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2005

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Vol. 49, No. 1

53--66

EN

On a basis of tectonic mesostructures, the pre-late Tremadocian tectonic event (Sandomirian “phase”), believed to account for deformation of the Cambrian system in the Kielce Unit (Holy Cross Mts., Central Poland), has been subdivided into 3 successive tectonic episodes of different kinematics. During the first stage (D1), flat, westerly vergent thrusts originated, giving rise to gravitational sliding. Subsequently, during D2, the entire sequence was imbricated by the northerly vergent thrusts. In the terminal phase (D3), map-scale folds developed, changing inclinations of previously formed structures.Mode of deformation during the D2 stage is typical for thrust and fold belts. Absolute dating of these events remains speculative, but the pre-late Tremadocian age of the D1 and D2 phases is evident. The D3 is considered as a continuation of the D2, but alternative concepts are also acceptable in the light of the presented data.

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Tectonics of the Beskid Wyspowy Mountains (Outer Carpathians, Poland)

Konon A.

Geological Quarterly

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2001

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Vol. 45, No 2

179-204

EN

The structure of the Magura Nappe, within the zone of maximal bending of the Western Outer Carpathians, is described; investigations were concentrated mainly in the Beskid Wyspowy Subunit. A zone, bounded to the north and south by duplexes, comprises large characteristic synclines (Snieznica, Lubogoszcz, Szczebel, Klimas, Lopien, Cwilin, Lubon Wielki). These appear on maps as isolated "island mountains", in the Beskid Wyspowy Subunit. These synclines contrast strongly with the belt-like distribution of regional folds to the west and east of the area. The synclinal massifs developed gradually. Fold belts several hundred metres long developed in the first phase of overthrusting of the Magura Nappe, with horizontal N-S compression dominant. Thrusts separating the individual subunits developed when the face of the overthrusting Magura Nappe stopped and the stress continued to push its southern parts forwards. The next phase, with continuing horizontal N-S stress included the development of strike-slip faults and the bending of the Carpathian Arc, resulting in extension of this part of the orogen. The syncline zone within the Beskid Wyspowy Subunit underwent disintegration and particular blocks became independent. Rotation of blocks with individual synclines took place along fault zones. In the part of the Polish Outer Carpathians investigated this stage is also characterised by a change of compression from N-S to NNE-SSW. Due to the uplift of this part of the Carpathians, strike-slip faults changed into dip-slip faults in the terminal part of this phase. reconstruction.