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Governmental combat of migration between competing terrorist organisations

Hausken Kjell

Operations Research and Decisions

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2020

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Vol. 30, No. 3

21--46

EN

Each terrorist organisation is modelled with four coupled differential time equations for the evolution of ideologues, criminal mercenaries, captive participants, and capital sponsoring. Emigration of ideologues may cause unbounded growth of the organisation receiving ideologues. The organisation losing ideologues may reach a stationary state where ideologues are supported by capital sponsors and mercenaries. Emigration of mercenaries may cause the organisation losing mercenaries to experience growth. The organisation receiving mercenaries may lose capital sponsors permanently, allowing for the presence of mercenaries, or capital sponsors may rebound deterring mercenaries. Emigration of ideologues from one organisation to another requires more government intervention into the latter to ensure termination. Emigration of mercenaries from one organisation to another may require more government intervention into the latter, since mercenaries support ideologues. Competing terrorist organisations may facilitate their mutual extinction. Various intervention strategies are considered: the most threatening organisation is eliminated first, aided by competition from the least threatening, after which the remaining organisation is eliminated. The government’s instantaneous and accumulated utilities are analysed through time and compared, depending on emigration, competition, and government intervention strategies.

2

Zjawisko najemnictwa w czasie wojny na Ukrainie

Pokrzywińska M.

Kwartalnik Bellona

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2018

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Nr 2

95--104

PL

Bezpośrednią przyczyną kryzysu ukraińskiego, który z czasem przerodził się w wojnę, była polityka zachodnia Ukrainy oraz chęć podpisania umowy stowarzyszeniowej z Unią Europejską. Spotkało się to ze sprzeciwem Federacji Rosyjskiej. W działania zbrojne, które toczą się na terytorium Ukrainy, zaangażowane są nie tylko oficjalne siły stron konfliktu, lecz także najemnicy. Autorka analizuje zjawisko najemnictwa w wojnie rosyjsko-ukraińskiej, jego przyczyny oraz skutki. Zwraca uwagę na status najemników w świetle międzynarodowego prawa humanitarnego.

EN

The direct cause of the Ukrainian crisis, which eventually turned into a war, was the weastern policy of Ukraine and a disire to sign up an association agreement with the European Union. In military operations that take place on the territory of Ukraine, not only the official forces of the conflict parties are involved, but also mercenaries. The author of the article analyzed the phenomenon of mercenarism during the Russo-Ukrainian war, including the reasons, as well as the implications arising from the participation of mercenaries in the conflict. She also pointed to mercenary status in the light of international humanitarian law.

3

Powrót najemników ?

Czarnota Zygmunt, Moszumański Zbigniew

Wiedza Obronna

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2009

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nr 1

14--28