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1
Content available remote Electrical Impedance Tomography in medical research
Nita K., Matacz M., Filipowicz S. F.
Przegląd Elektrotechniczny
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2013
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R. 89, nr 2a
297--299
EN
This paper presents the applications of the Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) in medical imaging, selecting perfusion lung and female breast. In a study of breast to ensure a stable contact of electrodes indicated on the indirect method consisting in immersing the breast suitably measurements intermediate fluid container. Basic parameters are defined in medical imaging of impedance tomography method. The preferred method solutions of the inverse problem are linear algorithms based on finite element method approximating of the tested objects. The conductivity values in different regions are determined by the finite element method.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono zastosowania tomografii impedancyjnej w badaniach medycznych wybierając obrazowanie perfuzji płuc oraz badanie piersi kobiet. W badaniach piersi dla zapewnienia stabilnego kontaktu elektrod wskazano na metodę pośrednią polegającą na zanurzeniu piersi w odpowiednio opomiarowanym pojemniku z płynem pośrednim. Preferowaną metodą rozwiązania zagadnienia odwrotnego są algorytmy liniowe oparte na metodzie elementów skończonych przy aproksymacji badanych obiektów. Określono podstawowe parametry w obrazowaniach medycznych metodą tomografii impedancyjnej.
2
Content available Kryterium wyznaczania granic prawnych i etycznych w badaniach medycznych – w aspekcie urzeczywistnienia konstytucyjnej zasady zrownoważonego rozwoju
Letkiewicz S.
Problemy Ekorozwoju
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2009
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Vol. 4, nr 2
49-60
PL
Celem artykułu jest omówienie i ocena wybranych aksjomatów funkcjonujących w obszarze medycyny i nauk wspomagających jej rozwój oraz wskazanie - o ile to możliwe - aksjomatu o znaczeniu uniwersalnym. Sformułowanie takiego celu jest istotne z punktu konstytucyjnej zasady zrownoważonego rozwoju, której nie można pomijać w naukach medycznych. W niniejszym opracowaniu przyjmujemy hipotezę, iż aksjomat: godność człowieka najwyższą wartością w świecie przyrody powinien stanowić uniwersalne, skuteczne i ponadczasowe kryterium wyznaczania granic prawnych i etycznych w badaniach medycznych. Aksjomat ten jest również podstawowym aksjomatem dla urzeczywistniania zrównoważonego rozwoju.
EN
The aim of this article is to discuss and evaluate selected axioms functioning in the field of medicine and sciences and supporting its development and to indicate, as far as possible, an axiom of universal significance. Formulating such an aim is essential with regard to the constitutional principle of sustainable development, which cannot be ignored in medical science. In the present study we accept the hypothesis that the axiom that human dignity is the highest value in the world of nature can and should constitute the universal, effective, and timeless criterion determining legal and ethical boundaries in medical research. This axiom is also the fundamental axiom for realising sustainable development.
3
Content available remote The automatic measurement of a staining reaction level
Koprowski R., Wróbel Z.
Machine Graphics and Vision
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2006
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Vol. 15, No. 2
227-238
EN
The paper presents an application of an algorithm for automatic segmentation of biological cell structures. The algorithm, based on two morphological operations - conditional opening and con­ditional closing, is described in detail in [8]. The results of the segmentation of biological cell structure images as well as the evaluation of a staining reaction saturation level and its metrological properties are studied.
4
Content available remote Podstawy termowizji i jej zastosowanie w badaniach medycznych
Błachnio J., Bogdan M.
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Białostockiej. Budowa i Eksploatacja Maszyn
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2004
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Z. 12
7-17
PL
W niniejszej pracy skupiono się głównie na aspektach związanych z wykorzystaniem termowizji w medycynie. W skrócie omówiono teoretyczne podstawy termowizji z uwzględnieniem prawa Maxa Plancka i stałej Stefana-Boltzmana. W sposób prosty i przejrzysty scharakteryzowano podstawowe zagadnienia związane z pomiarami termowizyjnymi, aparaturą pomiarową oraz pokrótce omówiono parametry kamer termowizyjnych. Przedstawiono praktyczne zastosowanie termografii w diagnostyce zaburzeń krążenia naczyniowego w kończynach górnych i dolnych. W końcowej części artykułu przedstawiono propozycję własnej metody analizy termogramów w środowisku obliczeniowym Matlab.
EN
The present thesis focuses mainly on aspects related to use of thermovision in medicine. It presents shortly theoretic bases of thermovision, including Max Planck's law and Stefan-Boltzmann constant. The basic issues regarding thermovision measurements and the measurement apparatus are characterized in a simple clear way, including brief description of parameters of thermovision cameras. The thesis gives examples of practical application of thermography in diagnosis of disorders of vascular circulation in upper and lower limbs. The concluding part of the article deals with a proposition of the author's own method of analysis of thermograms in Matlab calculation environment.
5
Content available remote The electroporation system for cells mixture monitored by morphometric analysis of the hybrid picture
Dyszkiewicz A., Wróbel Z., Sławiec M.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2002
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Vol. 4, nr 2
91-99
EN
The outline of issues connected with contemporary application of monoclone antibodies and techniques for obtaining hybrids was presented in the study. The results of research concerning modifications of Zimmerman's methods were obtained. They prove higher efficacy and selectivity of the solution proposed. The system of electroporation with changed geometry of electrodes and parameters of current is being proposed. The procedure is controlled entirely by microprocessor, from the stage of technology parameters' control in incubators of initial cells to creation of appointed mixture of cells in a mixer, and then division into portions, pumping the mixture into hybridisation chamber and, after hybridisation, pumping the mixture over into separate sections of incubator. The hybridisation system was modified. Transparent water coat was constructed. It was connected to thermostat, on which transparent hybridisation chamber was installed. Lighting from underneath and gap lighting of chamber enable continuous observation of suspended cells by means of microscope lens being connected by picture channel to computer. The software analyses the picture with respect to hybrid selection. The cells marked are planimctrically analysed during the time which was programmed. When the morphometric criteria are met suspended cells are pumped over to separate sections of incubator, where selective breeding of hybrids is carried out. Selection of hybrids takes place in electroosmosis gradient under morphometric control of cells in microcapillary systems.
6
Content available remote Measurement of tissue pressure with symptoms of compartment syndrome
Živéak J., Šimšik D.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2002
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Vol. 4, nr 2
101-104
EN
The increase in the tissue pressure (TP) in the compartment can be due to the internal pressure (contusion, swelling, inflammation), or due to the external pressure (tight bandage, pneumatic splint). Injury and a deep thrombosis of a blood vessel lead to the stasis and subsequently to the lowering of arterial-venous gradient just the same as this associated with lowering of arterial medium pressure due to the shock with the excessive positioning of the extremity. Our aim was to establish the value of TP and thus to prevent the symptoms of the compartment syndrome. Tte above-mentioned problem can be solved by measuring the tissue pressure in a real time, where the approximation of an invasive and a non-invasive pressure is proved by a comparative measurement.
7
Content available remote 3D hand modelling and analysis using data-gloves: theory and its applications in Parkinson's disease
Allen C. R., Geng Su. D., Burn D., Brechany U.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2002
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Vol. 4, nr 1
3-30
EN
In this application, 3D electromagnetic sensors have been integrated into a data-glove to accurately model and capture the motion of the human hand. By modelling the movement of the human hand, this system has been shown to accurately measure the rest tremor evident in subjects with Parkinson's disease. It was found that 11 sensors were sufficient to model the human hand, including all the phalanges. A capture rate of 10 measurements per 1 s was achieved. A discrete Fourier analysis has been applied to extract the tremor frequency from the sensor data time series. Further an analysis of the instantaneous speed of hand motion has been used to extract clinically significant diagnosis. The technique described is seen to provide an objective and quantitative method for the analysis of clinic conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) as a way to asscss the eflect of therapeutic interventions.
8
Content available remote The estimation of structural anisotropy of trabecular and cortical bone tissues based on ultrasonic velocity and attenuation
Trębacz H., Gawda H.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2001
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Vol. 3, nr 2
41-48
EN
Velocity of ultrasound and broad-band ultrasound attenuation (BUA) were measured in three perpendicular directions in anisotropic samples of cancellous and cortical bones. The aim was to study tte influence of microarchitecture of bone tissue on ultrasound propagation in bone. The pulse transmission method (1 MHz and 3.5 MHz) and the Fourier analysis of transmitted were applied. The dependence of both ultrasonic parameters on the orientation and the correlation between the degree of the anisotropy and bone density were stated. In cancellous bone samples, both velocity and BUA had extreme value in the direction of trabeculae alingment. In cortical bone, maximal velocity was in the axial direction, while BUA in this direction was minimal. The influence of the anisotropy of bone structure, both cancellous and cortical, on ultrasonic parameters is discussed.
9
Content available remote Modelling of pulsatory flows in blood vessels
Dindorf R., Wołkow J.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2001
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Vol. 3, nr 2
15-30
EN
The paper deals with the method of modelling of blood pulsatory flow in the vessels of circulatory system. The method is based upon the solution of wave equation applied in the theory of four-pole. In a graphic presentation of a vessel of distributed parameters, a model of bond graphs with new elements of DB type ise used. Basic physiological simulation experiment using bond graphs was performed. The aim of the experiment was to model the changes of pressure and volume in a left heart-aorta segment.
10
Content available remote Experimental investigation of cervical spine fixators
Pezowicz C.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2001
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Vol. 3, nr 2
3-13
EN
The author uses a holographic interferometry technique to measure the displacement of cervical spine fixators when applied to a section of cadaveric spine which is loaded in bending and torsion. The analysis was undertaken to assess the effect of stabilizers implanted in the cervical section of the spine on the load bearing mode and the rigidity relationships.
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