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Johann Peter Frank i Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland jako pionierzy profilaktyki medycznej z XVIII i XIX wieku

Płonka-Syroka B.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

2018

R. 63, nr 4

47--70

Vienna University professor J.P. Frank and Berlin University professor Ch.W. Hufeland were pioneers of medical prophylaxis in Europe. Concepts created by them were based on the same ideological grounds (populationism, cameralism) and were in the mainstream of European clinical medicine modernization process. Both authors used the same pathology concept (humoral pathology) explaining diseases origination and their course in organisms. Most of their recommendations in line with prophylaxis were similar. However, there were also differences. J.P. Frank created his public medicine model of prophylaxis as an important factor in Austria where most of its citizens were illiterate at the end of 18th century. He focused on state activities to ensure the efficiency and he recommended police surveillance over it. Ch.W. Hufeland created his prophylaxis concept for the Prussian state where the illiterates were in the minority. He could realistically consider implementation of lifestyle rationalization and personal self-control compliant to clinical medicine in the whole population, not only among the elites. The purpose of the paper is to show the basis of both prophylaxis programmes and context of their creation.

Najważniejsze zadania wojskowej służby zdrowia w czasie pokoju

Zoń R., Szamborski R.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

1998

nr 4(33)

145-151

The development of military technology makes higher and higher demands both in the area of qualifications and in psychological and physical condition of the career officers and soldiers. The aim of military health service is to keep it on a high level. It can be achieved by effective prophylactics and effective medical help. The improvement of medical - prophylactic system is due to organisational changes and systematic qualifications raise of doctors and medical personnel. In this aspect, the decision to create integrated national health service chambers was very important. They contributed greatly to improve basic medical care and enabled a good organisation of medical support in military units. The number of patients has been growing systematically, medical help is given not only to career soldiers, to conscripts, military families but also to retired soldiers who are authorised to medical health service but also to civil workers working for the army. A special role is ascribed to a doctor of basic health care. Due to his position he is the only one who organises and realises the principle of a patient’s complete and continuous health care in his medical centre, he conducts examinations, uses prophylactics and conducts active counselling.