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Machines for Mechanical Mining of Hardly Workable and Abrasive Rocks

Bołoz Łukasz, Kalukiewicz Antoni

Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering

2020

Vol. 3, Iss. 1

150--160

Mechanical mining is a widely used method for separating material from mined rock in the mining branch, tunnelling, road and construction industries. Depending on the mechanical properties of rocks, most often defined by uniaxial compressive strength, various machines and tools are applied. Apart from rock strength, the efficiency of the mining process is determined by abrasiveness, which affects the rate of tool abrasive wear. Currently, disc mining by static pressure or rear undercutting are the most developed methods. Undercutting can be supported by high pressure water jet or disk oscillation. Mining with drills also utilizes static pressure. In addition to discs, conical picks are applied; they are mounted on cutterheads. In underground mining and tunnelling, there is an increasing need to cut abrasive rocks with a strength of more than 120 MPa in places where explosive materials cannot be used. In the article, the recently applied and developed methods of cutting abrasive rocks characterized by high strength, such as copper, gold, tungsten or platinum ores and diamond deposits, have been presented. Next, the latest machines and machine systems used for their mining are reviewed. Leaders in the mining machinery industry, such as Joy (Komatsu), Epiroc (Atlas Copco), Sandvik and Aker Wirth are developing proprietary designs of cutting machines based on both well-known and completely new ideas.

Zagrożenia generowane podczas mechanicznego urabiania skał zwięzłych – możliwości ich eliminacji lub ograniczenia

Kotwica K.

Napędy i Sterowanie

2018

R. 20, nr 12

74--83

W artykule opisano zagrożenia możliwe do wystąpienia podczas mechanicznego urabiania skał zwięzłych z wykorzystaniem narzędzi skrawających. Są to iskrzenie, zapylenie oraz zużycie narzędzi skrawających. Przedstawiono możliwe do wystąpienia skutki opisanych zagrożeń – zapłon i wybuch gazu, pogorszenie się warunków pracy w przodku oraz zwiększone zapotrzebowanie mocy. Zaprezentowano kilka możliwości pozwalających na eliminację lub duże ograniczenie skutków wyżej wymienionych zagrożeń – zraszanie wewnętrzne i zewnętrzne narzędzi, smarowane uchwyty noży styczno-obrotowych lub zastosowanie mininarzędzi dyskowych niesymetrycznych. Opisano wyniki uzyskane podczas badań realizowanych w Katedrze MGPiT, AGH Kraków.

The article describes hazards that may occur during mechanical mining of hard rock with the use of cutting tools. These are sparking, dusting and wear of cutting tools. Possible effects of the described hazards are presented – ignition and gas explosion, deterioration of working conditions in the face of employees and increased of power consumption. Several options have been presented to eliminate or greatly limit the effects of the above hazards – internal and external spraying of tools, lubricated holders for tangential – rotary picks or the use of asymmetrical mini disk tools. The results obtained during tests performed in Department of Mining Machiners AGH UST Kraków, were described.