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Fluvial architecture element analysis of the Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, western Colorado, USA

Galli K.

Volumina Jurassica

2014

Vol. 12, no. 2

69--106

The 85-m Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation in western Colorado, USA, comprises dinosaur-bearing sandstones (architectural element CHR and CH), crevasse-splay deposits and minor levee deposits (architectural element CS), mudstones, marlstones, altered ash beds and minor limestones as well as caliche paleosols and noncalcareous paleosols (architectural element FF). Channel sandstones occur at five stratigraphic levels at Trail Through Time (TT), eleven levels at Fruita Paleontological Research Area (FP), and at five levels at Echo Canyon (EC). River-channel sandstones hosted by floodplain mudstones tend to have cut down to resistant caliche paleosols. Depositional facies and architectural element analysis show that the rivers were low gradient, mainly anastomosing, with perennial flow, but seasonal with “flashy” peaks in discharge. Dinosaur bone accumulations are found in some floodplain ponds. Isolated bones are present in anastomosing channel sandstones at TT and in channel sandstone 2 at EC. At FP, major accumulations of bones were rapidly buried in the deep pools at three bends in the meandering river resulting in the formation of channel sandstone 2. There is no evidence for a large lacustrine or playa system at the three localities.

Particle simulations of dispersion using observed meandering and turbulence

Vickers D., Mahrt L., Belusić D.

Acta Geophysica

2008

Vol. 56, no. 1

234-256

A Lagrangian stochastic particle model driven by observed winds from a net-work of 13 sonic anemometers is used to simulate the transport of contaminates due to meandering of the mean wind vector and diffusion by turbulence. The turbulence and the meandering motions are extracted from the observed velocity variances using a variable averaging window width. Such partitioning enables determination of the separate contributions from turbulence and meandering to the total dispersion. The turbulence is described by a Markov Chain Monte Carlo process based on the Langevin equation using the observed turbulence variances. The meandering motions, not the turbulence, are primarily responsible for the 1-h averaged horizontal dispersion as measured by the travel time dependence of the particle position variances. As a result, the 1-h averaged horizontal concentration patterns are often characterized by streaks and multi-modal distributions. Time series of concentration at a fixed location are highly nonstationary even when the 1-h averaged spatial distribution is close to Gaussian. The results show that meandering dominates the travel-time dependence of the horizontal dispersion under all atmospheric conditions: weak and strong winds, and unstable and stable stratification.