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Structural modification of cellulose to enhance the flotation efficiency of fine copper oxide ore

Gu Guohua, Zhu Renfeng, Chen Zhixiang

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

2019

Vol. 55, iss. 1

58--69

Using more efficient collector to improve the recovery efficiency of fine copper oxide has become imperative as the shortage of copper mineral resources. In this study, the new collector 3-hydroxy butyrate-carboxy methyl cellulose xanthate (HCMCX) was synthesized by carboxy methyl cellulose, 3-hydroxy butyrate and carbon disulfide, all of which as raw materials . The structural characteristics of HCMCX was detected by both infrared spectrum and ultraviolet spectrum. Besides, the interacting behavior between HCMCX and fine malachite was investigated through particle size analysis, contact angle measurements, and flotation tests. Particle size analysis indicated that the mean size of malachite was increased by 8 μm while the HCMCX concentration at 200 mg/dm3. The contact angle measurements demonstrated that, comparing with the collector AX at a same dosage, the mineral surface of malachite showed a stronger hydrophobicity after interacting with HCMCX. Microflotation tests results exhibited that the recovery of malachite was about 94% when the pulp pH 8 and collector concentration at 200 mg/dm3. The results of practical ore flotation tests showed that HCMCX could as an excellent collector for flotation of fine malachite, finally to achieve the concentrates containing 20% Cu and 88% Cu recovery.

Universal equations for Pythagorean and Sauter-type formulas of mean value calculation and classification of the Extended Pythagorean Means

Drzymała J.

Mining Science

2017

Vol. 24

227--235

A general equation, combining the Pythagorean and Sauter-type formulas, which can be used for calculation of a mean of a set of values is given and discussed in the paper. A classification of means, forming the Extended Pythagorean Means family, including power (arithmetic, geometric, quadratic, cubic, etc.), inverted power (harmonic, inverted quadratic, inverted cubic, etc.), and Sauter-type (volumesurface, volume-length, etc.) is presented. The calculated means, depending on their type, are different. Formulas for calculating mean values for a set of values treated individually, in groups and as a fraction (weighted mean) are also given.