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Study of talented young male swimmers – scientific approach to the kinematic and physiological predictors of 400-m front crawl race

Sokołowski Kamil, Strzała Marek, Żegleń Magdalena

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2022

Vol. 24, no. 1

29--38

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of physiological and kinematic predictors on 400-m front crawl race in young male swimmers and to consider the interrelation between them. Methods: Nineteen male swimmers took part in this study (age: 13.5 ± 0.44 years, height: 168.6 ± 7.77 cm, body mass: 56.9 ± 10.57 kg). Measurements of physiological parameters were conducted using expired air analyzer (Start 2000 MES, Poland) during step-test in water flume. Kinematic indices were computed while analyzing video recording of 400-m front crawl race. To check for possible influence of biological age (BA) diversity in studied group, partial correlation with age control was computed. Results: Swimming to exhaustion in water flume defined as speed at maximum oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold ( VVO2 max and VAT) occurred to be strongly positively correlated with 400-m race speed. Speed in surface swimming zones (Vsurface) was related to ability of kinematics adjustment and significantly correlated with stroke index (SI). Vsurface at the beginning and the end of the race, i.e., at 1st, 7th and 8th lap interplayed with stroke rate (SR) measured at corresponding laps. Conclusions: Our study showed that 400-m front crawl performance of young male swimmers is strongly dependent on swimming efficiency developed with aerobic conditioning. Significant role of proper pacing strategy was also identified, which indicates that race pace training should be implemented.

Koncepcja systemu do pomiaru temperatury podczas prób wysiłkowych u dzieci

Rafiński L., Łuszczyk M.

Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola

2013

R. 59, nr 6

582--585

Odpowiednia podaż tlenu i gwarancja prawidłowego metabolizmu tlenowego organizmu należą do głównych czynników determinujących wydolność fizyczną człowieka oraz możliwość kontynuowania przez niego wysiłku fizycznego. Od lat trwają badania nad instrumentami pomocnymi w ocenie zmian przystosowawczych oraz adaptacyjnych, zachodzących pod wpływem wysiłku fizycznego oraz treningu fizycznego. W przypadku grup pediatrycznych poddawanych pomiarom w warunkach wysiłku fizycznego, pożądane są narzędzia bezpieczne, łatwe w użyciu, niezależne od wieku i płci, łatwo dostępne, przenośne, niedrogie oraz umożliwiające pomiar w czasie rzeczywistym, nieinwazyjny i powtarzalny. Prócz tych wskazań istotne jest, aby stanowiły one system umożliwiający szybką ocenę zmian i interpretację wyników, co zwiększałoby bezpieczeństwo przeprowadzania badań. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono koncepcję systemu pomiarowego do pomiaru temperatury podczas prób wysiłkowych u dzieci. System projektowano z założeniem wykorzystania w badaniach potwierdzających uzyskane z wcześniejszych badań zależności między oksygenacją tkanki mózgowej, wybranymi parametrami spiroergometrycznymi (pCO2) a temperaturą skóry w okolicach tej samej tkanki.

The response of adult organisms to physical exercise and physical training is well documented. The same, however, cannot be said about children. This situation is the result of ethical problems of measuring a child’s body response. A great deal of important information concerning the integrated pulmonary–cardiovascular–muscle metabolic response to exercise can be acquired from the breath-by-breath measurement of pulmonary gas exchange (PGE) during ramp incremental exercise tests – CPET (cardiopulmonary exercise test). The authors decided to add a temperature measurement to the standard measurement techniques when designing a measurement system. The body temperature is a parameter that differs children and adults. The physical as well as physiological differences between children and adults may explain a different response to thermal stress [7]. The paper presents the design of a new measurement system customized for measurements of human body temperature during exercise tests (CPET) for children. The temperature measurement system was designed to be used as a complementary part of the measurement system used during cardiopulmonary tests. In the paper there are also given the test results of a prototype of the temperature measurement system. Based on the tests one can conclude that the designed system allows for the temperature measurement of chosen parts of the child’s body during endurance tests using a non-invasive and fairly comfortable method. The use of the designed system should allow for further investigation of the relation between skin temperature and hemoglobin oxygenation [6] and the assumption that temperature changes, monitored in the real time, are a possible factor in determining the maximum intensity of an exercise, especially for children exercise tests. The extra information provided will allow for an increase of the safety of exercise tests, especially for children.