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1

Material Classification Method for Printed Circuit Boards Using a Spectral Imaging System

Tominaga S.

Machine Graphics and Vision

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2009

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Vol. 18, No. 2

233-250

EN

This paper proposes a method for classifying object materials on a raw circuit board into element materials by means of surface-spectral reflectance. First, we develop a spectral imaging system for observing the minute details of the board and capturing their spectral data. Second, the surface-spectral reflectance functions of the board are estimated by a direct method using narrow band sensor outputs. We investigate the reflection properties of various objects on the board under different illumination directions. Third, we find key features of the body spectral reflectances for different materials, and present a rule for classifying the objects into six element materials. Finally, experiments are executed using a real circuit board. The observed spectral reflectance image is segmented into the element material areas. The performance and robustness of the proposed method are examined in detail in comparison with other methods.

2

Supply strategy development in production enterprises

Krawczyk S.

Total Logistic Management

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2008

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no. 1

89-99

EN

The process of supply is one of the main fields of formulating and executing logistics assignments. These assignments are formulated at the managing and operational levels. The development of concepts concerning the standards of product manufacturing indicates that the process of supply should become a part of a company's strategy The paper, presents some concepts of identification of a supply strategy as a part of a company's master strategy. The classification of production elements and the market condition analysis are the start point for formulating supply strategies. The development of a supply strategy, which is only a segment of a company's strategy, requires a detailed analysis of different connections in the producing network and the system of delivery. In the author's opinion, the process of developing a supply strategy requires the identification of needs and the specification of policy connected with the requirements of marketing strategies for the products manufactured.

PL

Proces zaopatrzenia jest jednym z głównych obszarów formułowania i realizacji zadań logistycznych. Są to zadania stawiane na poziomie menedżerskim i operacyjnym. Zmiany w koncepcjach wytwarzania produktów, jakie obserwujemy współcześnie, wskazują, że proces zaopatrzenia powinien stać się segmentem strategii firmy. W artykule przedstawiono koncepcje wyróżniania strategii zaopatrzeniowej w ramach ogólnej strategii firmy. Punktem wyjściowym formułowania strategii zaopatrzeniowej jest klasyfikacja elementów produkcyjnych i analiza warunków rynkowych ich nabywania. Wypracowanie strategii zaopatrzeniowej, która jest jedynie segmentem strategii całościowej, wymaga wnikliwej analizy funkcjonujących powiązań w sieci wytwarzania produktów i systemu dostaw zaopatrzeniowych. Tworzenie strategii zaopatrzeniowej wymaga, zdaniem autora, rozpoznania potrzeb i określenia kierunków zmian sprzężonych z wymaganiami strategii marketingowych przyjmowanych dla wytwarzanych produktów.

3

Problems of present-day materials science.

Tushinsky L.I.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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1998

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R. XIX, nr 3

153-160

EN

New knowledge of fundamental science about the reality of materials structure, fractality of naturally occuring objects, wholeness of various natural and social phenomena, sinergetics and self-organization in complex systems during their evolution, single block structure of material world, information and society allow to significantly change many principal approaches to the problem of creating new materials and improving the quality of traditional ones.