W artykule omówiono różne rodzaje analiz globalnych żelbetowych konstrukcji prętowych. Na przykładzie ramy żelbetowej porównano wyniki uzyskane z analiz oceny stanu granicznego nośności i użytkowalności. W porównaniu uwzględniono cztery warianty analizy nieliniowej, a uzyskane wyniki odniesiono do powszechnie stosowanej analizy liniowo-sprężystej. We wszystkich analizach uwzględniono wpływ imperfekcji geometrycznych. Obliczenia numeryczne przeprowadzono w programie AxisVM.
EN
The paper discusses various types of global analysis for reinforced concrete structures. On the example of a reinforced concrete frame, the results were compared in the aspect of assessing the ultimate and serviceability limit states. Four types of nonlinear analysis were included in the comparison, and the results obtained were related to the linear-elastic analysis. The influence of geometric imperfections was taken into account in all analyses. Numerical calculations were performed in AxisVM.
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The paper discusses governing differential equation for determining large deflections of slender, non-homogeneous beam subjected to a combined loading and composed of a finite number of laminae, which are made of nonlinearly elastic, modified Ludwick's type of material with different stress–strain relations in tension and compression domain. The material properties are varying arbitrarily through the beam's thickness. When the thickness of laminae is sufficiently small and the variation of mechanical properties is close to continuous, the beam can be considered as made of functionally graded material (FGM). The derived equations are solved numerically and tested on several examples. From a comparison of the results obtained and those found in the literature a good agreement was observed.
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Large elongation in one definite direction of a crystal of cubic symmetry is considered. The equations of second order elasticity theory are applied. In this approximation three constants of the second order and six constants of the third order characterize the crystal. The stress is a function of the elongation direction. The elongation directions for which the stress reaches an extreme value have been analyzed.
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