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1

Wpływ dodatku krzemionki na wybrane właściwości tworzywa akrylowego stosowanego w konstrukcjach protetycznych

Kujawiak-Bartkiewicz Katarzyna, Kolasiński Karol, Krasowski Michał, Bociong Kinga, Sokołowski Jerzy

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2022

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T. 101, nr 4

252--256

PL

Przedstawiono próbę modyfikacji materiału protetycznego Castavaria za pomocą wybranych napełniaczy krzemionkowych. Do tworzywa akrylowego wprowadzono 0,5% mas. silanizowanej krzemionki, 0,5% mas. krzemionki niesilanizowanej lub 0,5% mas. mieszaniny 1:1 krzemionki silanizowanej i niesilanizowanej. W drugim etapie wprowadzono 1, 5 lub 8% mas. krzemionki po silanizacji. Mieszaninę umieszczono w polimeryzatorze ciśnieniowym i poddano polimeryzacji przez 30 min zgodnie z zaleceniami producenta. Zbadano twardość metodą Vickersa, wytrzymałość na trójpunktowe zginanie oraz udarność materiału akrylowego przed i po modyfikacji. Dodatek krzemionki w ilości 0,5% mas. (silanizowanej lub niesilanizowanej) nie powodował znaczących zmian właściwości wytworzonych kompozytów w porównaniu z materiałem wyjściowym. Dodatek 5% mas. krzemionki powodował wzrost wytrzymałości na trójpunktowe zginanie i modułu sprężystości przy zginaniu, natomiast dodatek 8% mas. krzemionki prowadził do zwiększenia twardości materiału akrylowego.

EN

Com. acrylic prosthetic material was mixed with silanized or non-silanized silica in amts. of 0.5, 1, 5 and 8% by mass, and then polymerized. The Vickers hardness, three-point bending strength and impact strength of the acrylic material were detd. before and after modification. The addn. of silica in the amt. of 0.5% by mass. (silanized or nonsilanized) did not cause significant changes in the properties of the produced composites compared to the starting material. Addn. of 5% by mass silica increased the three-point bending strength and flexural modulus, while the addn. of 8% by mass of silica led to an increase in the hardness of acrylic material.

2

Zastosowanie mikroskopu sił atomowych w badaniach materiałów stomatologicznych

Ziębowicz Bogusław, Ziębowicz Anna

LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania

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2019

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R. 24, nr 4

16--20

3

The effect of decontamination procedures on elastic polymeric materials used in dental mouthguards fabrication

Mańka-Malara Katarzyna, Panasiewicz APaulina, Kacprzyk Milena, Gawryszewska Monika, Mierzwińska-Nastalska Elżbieta, Gawlak Dominika

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2019

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Vol. 21, no. 4

63--71

EN

Mouthguards are commonly used in the prevention of head and mouth injuries in many sport disciplines. Elastic polymeric materials used in their fabrication absorb the energy of impact. However, decontamination procedures may cause damage to their surface causing deterioration of their properties and favouring pathogen colonization. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of different cleaning methods on mouthguard materials, surface quality. Methods: The material for the research consisted of 81 samples made from polymeric materials used for custom mouthguard fabrication – Impak, Corflex Orthodontic and Erkoflex. Samples were viewed under a scanning electron microscope after exposure to different cleaning methods. Results: Statistical analysis of tested decontamination procedures and disinfecting agents showed statistically important ( p < 0.05) results for the presence of small and big separated pieces, grooves and holes. Out of all the cases the lowest indicator for occurrence was in the disinfecting spray – Aftermat. Conclusions: Considering the importance of the surface material of the mouthguard, disinfection should be the method of choice for maintaining its hygiene. Impak material samples, cleaned with the Aftermat spray, showed the lowest range of damage.

4

Starzeniowe badanie siły przyczepności pomiędzy miękkimi kauczukami silikonowymi a poli(metakrylanem metylu)

Fubao Z., Li D., Lianshui S., Yongfa Z., Hongshui Z.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2018

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T. 97, nr 12

2110--2114

PL

Badano zmiany siły przyczepności w temperaturze pokojowej pomiędzy miękkim kauczukiem silikonowym a poli(metakrylanu metylu) (PMMA). Laminowane próbki wykonano z handlowych elastomerów silikonowych Ufi Gel P (UGP) i Silageum-Comfort (SLC), podzielono na grupy odpowiednio A1–A4 i B1–B4 i poddano starzeniu w sztucznej ślinie przez 1–360 dni. Siłę przyczepności tych próbek wyznaczono, wykorzystując uniwersalne urządzenie do testowania materiałów w sposób niszczący. Styk przyczepny obserwowano za pomocą skaningowego mikroskopu elektronowego. Badanie nie wykazało statystycznej różnicy w sile przyczepności w obrębie grup A i B (P > 0,05). Stwierdzono jednak statystyczne różnice w sile przyczepności pomiędzy grupami A i B (P < 0,05). Destrukcja polegała głównie na defekcie mieszania lub defekcie przyczepności. Styki przyczepne w próbkach wszystkich grup były jednorodne, lecz w grupie A sporadycznie obserwowano pęcherzyki. Po starzeniu w temperaturze pokojowej nie stwierdzono istotnych zmian w sile przyczepności UGP i SLC do PMMA. Siła ta osiągnęła wartość wymaganą do zastosowania klinicznego (0,44 MPa). Siła przyczepności UGP i PMMA była większa niż w przypadku SLC i PMMA.

EN

Forty-eight laminated specimens were made of 2 com. dental soft Si elastomers and in situ produced poly(Me methacrylate), aged at room temp. in artificial saliva for 1–360 days and studied for bonding strength in a destructive way by using a universal testing machine. The specimens were randomly divided into 8 groups differing in the soft lining materials and aging time. The adhesive interface was obsd. by scanning electron microscopy. The bonding strength depended only on the Si elastomer type. There was no statistical difference in bonding strength when the same Si elastomer was used. The bonding strength was higher than the required for clinical use (0.44 MPa).

5

Wpływ powłoki nanokompozytowej na uwalnianie jonów fluoru z cementu szkłojonomerowego

Sokołowski K., Bociong K., Nowak J., Szczesio A., Szynkowska I. M., Bołtacz-Rzepkowska E., Sokołowski J.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2017

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T. 96, nr 12

2535--2539

PL

Określono wpływ pokrycia warstwą nanokompozytową cementu szkłojonomerowego na ilość oraz dynamikę uwalnianych jonów fluorowych. W przypadku cementu bez powłoki całkowita ilość uwalnianych jonów do roztworu sztucznej śliny wynosiła 0,12-0,28 μg/mm², a materiał z powłoką uwalniał ich 0,001-0,007 μg/mm². Zastosowana warstwa zabezpieczała także cement szkłojonomerowy przed pęknięciami.

EN

Com. dental cement and composite coating were used to make dental fillings. Immediately after prepn. of the fillings, they were placed in an artificial saliva at 36.7°C for 10 days to det. the amt. of released F ions as the quality indicator of the filling. The use of the coating significantly reduced the amt. of released ions.

6

Badanie zmian temperatury podczas polimeryzacji światłoutwardzalnych dentystycznych materiałów kompozytowych

Świderski W., Malara P., Świderska J., Czech Z.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2017

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T. 96, nr 5

1179--1182

PL

Przeprowadzono badania zmian temperatury podczas polimeryzacji dwóch materiałów kompozytowych o różnych matrycach (siloranowej i metakrylanowej) w zależności od rodzaju zastosowanej lampy polimeryzacyjnej, odległości od źródła światła i czasu naświetlania. Temperatura podczas naświetlania materiału Filtek Silorane o matrycy siloranowej była istotnie wyższa od temperatury materiału Filtek P60 o matrycy metakrylanowej. Zaobserwowano też istotnie większy wpływ czasu naświetlania na zmiany temperatury podczas naświetlania lampami LED (light-emitting diodes) niż lampą halogenową.

EN

Two com. resin-based composites with silorane-and methacrylate-based matrices were photocured at varying light-curing unit and composite type, curing distance and curing time to obs. the temp. changes. The silorane-based composite was cured at significantly higher temp. when compared with the methacrylate-based one. The curing time showed a stronger effect on temp. changes when the light-emitting diode was used as the light source than when halogen lamp was used.

7

Influence of polymerization conditions on selected properties and the shrinkage stress generated during solidification of a nanohybrid universal restorative material

Domarecka M., Bociong K., Krasowski M., Szczesio A., Sokołowski J.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2017

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Vol. 38, nr 6

290--294

EN

Curing processes of resin dental composites is connected with shrinkage stresses. It might influence the quality of dental restorations. Researchers make effort to reduce generated stresses. One of the methods is physical modification performed by changing the conditions of polymerization process. In this study the effect of the curing mode and the light intensity of selected curing lamps on the properties of Filtek Z550 was investigated. For this purpose, photoelastic studies were performed. Transparent and photoelastically sensitive plates made of epoxy resin were used in evaluation of contraction stress, that generates during photopolymerization of resin composites. The study also included microhardness and diametral tensile strength testing. The results show the relationship between cure method and reduction of generated shrinkage stresses. The concentration of stresses generated by material Filtek Z550 during photopolymerization were reduced significantly (in each case not less than 35%). The conventional cured samples had the highest value of DTS and HV1. There are no statistically significant differences between DTS and HV1 of the differently (method I–V) polymerized samples.

PL

Cel pracy stanowiła analiza wpływu warunków prowadzenia polimeryzacji na wybrane właściwości uniwersalnego materiału nanohybrydowego do wypełnień.

8

Contemporary aesthetic restorative dental composite materials

Malara P., Świderski W.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 78, nr 1

32--40

EN

Purpose: This is a review paper that gives an insight into the most popular group of aesthetic dental materials - dental composite materials. This article describes the historical background, the main features of this group of materials, the cathegorization of the materials in relation to clinical applications and the polymerization proces. Design/methodology/approach: This review is based on the contemporary scientific literature most relevant to the topic. The literature search has been made in Elsevier - Science Direct. Findings: Light-curing dental composites exhibit some resemblance to the construction of the hard tissues of the tooth. They also consist of two basic components. These are: an organic matrix and an inorganic filler. The third component, which is regularly added, is so-called "binding agent". According to the composition of the materials they make a good choice for aesthetic restoration in natural dentition. Practical implications: In the clinical observations there are many complications resulting from inadequate polymerization of composite materials. This may be the result of poor quality of curing lights of a very low intensity, too long distance between the tip of the lamp and the surface of the material or improper exposure time Originality/value: Dental composite materials are the only group of dental materials in which these features are combined together, ensuring naturally looking final effect of the restoration. Easy handling of the dental composite materials together with effective polymerization process with portable light units make these materials a good choice for clinical use.

9

The properties of experimental silicones reinforced with silica fillers for dentistry

Kalamarz I., Chladek G., Pokój M., Łukowiec D., Krawczyk C., Stencel R., Jabłońska-Stencel E.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 81, nr 1

22--29

EN

Purpose: Silicone materials crosslinked during the hydrosilylation reaction are common in dental prosthetics and dentistry. These materials are characterized by a relatively very good properties. However, one of the fundamental problems associated with the use of such polymers is a low resistance to microbial colonization. Numerus fillers with antimicrobial potential have been used experimentally for a decade. Anyway point of concern in this type of work is the use of commercially available materials as the matrix. However, the composition of the matrix for this materials is not clearly known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to obtain a two-component silicone material, crosslinking at room temperature, with properties corresponding to the needs of dental prosthetics, in particular as denture soft linings. Such material would be a starting point to obtain more sophisticated compositions, however, of known composition in full. Design/methodology/approach: As the matrix the mixtures of polymers were prepared. As the “catalyst” component a vinyl polydimethylsiloxane with platinum catalyst in xylene was prepared. As the “base” component a mixture of vinyl polydimethylsiloxane with methylhydrosiloxane - dimethylsiloxane copolymer was made. One of the two fillers differing in the functionalizing was added into prepared substrates (10 or 15% by weight) and ultrasonically homogenized. The Shore A hardness, tensile strength, bond strength to denture base material, water sorption and solubility were investigated. Measurements were made after different aging periods in distilled water at 37±1°C. Findings: The study showed an increase in mechanical properties with increasing concentrations of fillers. The type of filler significantly affects the test results. Increasing the aging time effects on increasing the hardness of materials. Water absorption and solubility were within the desired range. Research limitations/implications: Research limitations/implications The results of the presented research may be generally dependent on technology of fillers introduction into polymers matrix. Practical implications: The results show promising properties of the tested materials. It can be used as starting material for further studies on soft or super soft denture lining and other materials characterized by similar requirements. Originality/value: The method of receiving silicone - based composites with properties required for the selected prosthetic materials, especially denture soft linings was presented. Their properties were similar to commercially available products.

10

The influence of silver nanoparticles introduced into RTV-silicone matrix on the activity against Streptococcus mutans

Chladek G., Mertas A., Krawczyk C., Stencel R., Jabłońska-Stencel E.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 78, nr 2

59--65

EN

Purpose: The silicone based room temperature vulcanized (RTV) polymers are commonly used materials for medicine, especially for dentures and maxillofacial prostheses. Unfortunately, the colonization of those materials by pathogenic microorganisms is wellknown problem related with their applications. The aim of presented study was to examine antibacterial properties of RTV silicone for dentistry modified with silver nanoparticles. Design/methodology/approach: The silver nanoparticles were introduced into twocomponent system silicone based materials. The presence of silver nanoparticles was investigated with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans was determined. The result were statistically analysed with a Statistica 12.5 software and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05). Findings: The silver nanoparticles introduction into RTV - silicone allowed to enhance the antimicrobial resistance against standard strain of Streptococcus mutans. Research limitations/implications: In this research only Streptococcus mutans bacterium strain was used. In future activity of presented materials against other pathogenic bacteria living in oral cavity should be determined. Additionally long term investigation should be prepared. Practical implications: The colonization of dental materials with pathogenic bacteria and fungus is one of the most important and still unresolved problems related to exposition on oral environment. The low microbiological resistance of RTV-silicones and antimicrobial potential of silver were reported in numerous studies. The gram-positive Streptococcus mutans is commonly found in the human oral cavity and it is an important factor to tooth decay. Originality/value: The resistance against Streptococcus mutans of modified material was enhanced. The investigated materials could be a potential factor a potential conducive to reducing the risk of oral cavity infections.

11

Possibilities of applying Ti (C, N) coatings on prosthetic elements : research with the use of human endothelial cells

Banaszek K., Wiktorowska-Owczarek A., Kowalczyk E., Klimek L.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2016

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Vol. 18, no. 1

129--136

EN

Purpose: The aim of our study was to examine the effect of prosthetic alloys with Ti (C, N) coatings on viability and pro life ration of human cells employing an MTT assay with the use of human microvascular endothelial cells derived from the skin – HMEC-1 (Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells-1). Methods: Cylindrical shape samples made of Ni-Cralloy were divided into S1-S5 groups and coated with Ti (C, N) layers with different content of C and N. S0 group – control group without layer. The alloys (S0-S5) were stored in an experimental medium (MCDB131 with antibiotics) for 30 days and then HMEC-1 cells were incubated in the alloy extract for 24 and 96 hours. Next, cell viability was determined using MTT method. Results: In the case of samples incubated for both 24 and 96 hours there are statistically significant differences (with p-value <0.05) between the uncoated samples (S0 group) and all the other Ti (C, N) coated samples. Higher absorbance values were observed in all coated groups than in the control S0 group, where cell growth was statistically significantly lower. Conclusions: During incubation of endothelial cells with coated samples the number of cells was significantly bigger than the number with uncoated alloys. The best viability of cells was obtained from the S = 3 (with 51.94% at. Ti, 28.22% at. C and 19.84% at. N) group of samples. Ti (C, N) coatings may be applied as protective components on prosthetic elements made of base metal alloys.

12

Strength analysis of a three-unit dental bridge framework with the Finite Element Method

Reimann Ł., Żmudzki J., Dobrzański L.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2015

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Vol. 17, no. 1

51--59

EN

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyse the strength of a prosthetic bridge with variable geometry in the connectors between the span and the retention elements on the pillar teeth crowns. Methods: Research was carried using the Finite Elements Method (FEM) on a model of the bridge in the anterior teeth arch in the field 21–22–23, obtained using a contact scanner and computer aided design (CAD) system, with four different cross-sectional areas of the connectors: 4.0, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0 mm2. For that purpose, the impact of the properties of selected metal alloys on the deflection of the prosthesis was analysed. Results: On the basis of the analyses, it was found that when the loading force acted obliquely, the stress was 19% higher compared to the stress with a loading vertical force. In the case of connectors with the smallest cross-sectional area, the stress exceeded permissible value (with safety factor n = 2) for one of the alloys. Conclusions: Deflection of the bridges tested changed depending on the connector cross-section and the elastic modulus of the selected material.

13

Comparative analysis of two methods of assessment wear of dental materials

Wojda S.

Acta Mechanica et Automatica

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2015

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Vol. 9, no. 2

105--109

EN

Wear of dental materials used for permanent dental fillings has a significant impact on their lifetime. Wear products generated during chewing process involving direct tribological contact between a composite and tooth enamel can cause damage not only to enamel itself but also to the entire tooth structure thus affecting the patient’s the health. It is essential therefore to assess the process of wear rates as well as the usefulness and effectiveness of the method used to measure these values. As there are a number of different methods used to quantify the loss of dental materials subjected to friction, eg.: scanning digital 3D models of dental casts, confocal microscope scanning or profilographometer measurements, the authors chose to analyze two selected research methods using confocal microscopy and profilographometer to assess their effectiveness. Two commercially available composite dental materials, i.e. ES and FFE previously subjected to friction tests in contact with human dental enamel, were used for the analysis.

14

The effect of abrasive blasting on the strength of a joint between dental porcelain and metal base

Pietnicki K., Wołowiec E., Klimek L.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2014

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Vol. 16, no. 1

63--68

EN

This paper presents the effect of selected parameters of abrasive blasting on the strength of a joint between dental porcelain and metal base. Experiments were conducted for different grain sizes of abrasive material and different blasting angles, with a constant blasting pressure. InLine dental porcelain was fused on samples of cobalt-chromium alloy following abrasive blasting; they were subsequently subjected to shearing forces on a testing machine. The fractures were observed under an electron scanning microscope in order to determine the character and course of fracturing. Strength tests showed that the grain size of abrasive material was a parameter with the greatest effect on the strength. The best effects were achieved for samples subjected to abrasive blasting with material with grain size of 110 μm. No statistically significant differences were found for the strength of samples worked at different angles. The results of the fractographic examinations have shown that in all the samples, fracturing occurred mainly along the porcelain–metal boundary, with few cases of fracturing through porcelain.

15

The role of friction in the mechanism of retaining the partial removable dentures with double crown system

Dąbrowa T., Dobrowolska A., Wieleba W.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2013

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Vol. 15, no. 4

43--48

EN

Cylindrical telescopic crowns belong to bolt dentures, because their adhesion strength is based on the friction force. The magnitude of static and slide friction forces depends on the strain within the contact area and properties of materials employed. Friction force value between telescope elements declines in the first phase of wearing period and, subsequently, maintains particular constant value of 8 to 10 N. In the telescopic technique, homo and heterogenic joints are used. The following prosthodontic materials have been examined: goldbase alloys (Degudent Kiss, Degulor M), cobalt-base alloy (Brealloy 270), ceramics (Zircon Oxide, Zirconia) during tribological investigations on FGP composite resin. The cooperating surfaces were moistened with synthetic saliva. The research confirmed the dependence of the static friction coefficient on the contact pressure for the analyzed pairs of materials used in prosthodontics. The biggest effect of the contact pressure on the coefficient of friction value occurs when the ceramic rubs on FGP composite resin. The most stable friction coefficient in the context of contact pressure changes as well as life has been found in the case of the cobalt alloy Brealloy 270. An interesting material is a gold alloy Degulor M, for which the coefficient of friction varies only slightly with pressure in the range of 0.6 to 0.9 MPa.

16

Disturbing effect of different dental materials on the MRI results : preliminary study

Burchardt D. V., Borysewicz-Lewicka M.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2013

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Vol. 15, no. 4

49--55

EN

The influence of different dental materials used for conserving reconstruction of teeth on the magnetic resonance imaging assessed on the basis of changes in NMR proton relaxation T1 of the physiological environment represented by the physiological salt solution has been studied. The dental materials studied varied in a wide range of chemical compositions: composites (Silux Plus made by 3M Dental, Tetric Cream made by Ivoclar-Vivadent), pH controlling composite (Ariston pHc made by Vivadent), hybrid glass ionomer (Vitremer made by 3M Dental), compomer (Hytac made by ESPE), amalgamate without the gamma phase (Septalloy made by Septodont), chemocured phosphate cement (Agatos made by Chema-Elektromet), phosphate cement with addition of silver (Argil made by Spora-Dental). The reference standard was a 0.9% physiological solution of NaCl. The relative deviations of the spin-lattice relaxation time vary from –18.5% to +24.0%. From the point of view of magnetic resonance imaging, the materials significantly disturbing the tomographic images are the amalgamate Septalloy-Septodont and glass ionomer Vitremer-3M Dental, while the composite Tetric Cream-Vivadent has insignificant effect.

17

Badania mikrotwardości i mikromorfologii powierzchni eksperymentalnych materiałów stomatologii odtwórczej

Karaś J., Szamałek K.

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2010

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Vol. 13, no. 99-101

72--75

18

Textile preforms for dental applications

Poornim A., Giridev V. R., Balaji V. R.

Autex Research Journal

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2007

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Vol. 7, no. 2

130--147

EN

Dentistry has advanced to the use of FRCs, which helps patients to live their lifetime with their dentition intact. A large number of developments in the field of fibrous composite implants and devices for orthopaedic and dental applications have taken place. The present paper discusses the applications of fibre- and textile-reinforced composites in dental practices, mainly focussing on periodontal splinting. The conventional methods of splinting and the design & use of fibre-reinforced composites as restoratives to stabilise and splint teeth have been discussed in detail. The current controversy of incorporating implants in patients requiring splinting is discussed in relation to the various fibres applied as reinforcement for the splinting material.

19

Materiały stosowane do odbudowy twardych tkanek zębowych - część II.

Karaś J.

Szkło i Ceramika

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2006

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R. 57, nr 5

28-32

20

Materiały stosowane do odbudowy twardych tkanek zębowych - część I.

Karaś J.

Szkło i Ceramika

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2006

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R. 57, nr 4

9-13