Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Air Purification in Sustainable Buildings

Staszowska Amelia

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2020

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Vol. 15, nr 2

245--252

EN

This paper concerns the issue of indoor air purification techniques in sustainable public buildings and the residential sector. One of the requirements of sustainable construction is to reduce the energy costs, minimize waste, improve the well-being of users and create green space. The most important certification systems for green (ecological) buildings such as LEED or BREEAM also include the assessment of the indoor environment in terms of the air quality, noise level, building acoustics and energy consumption. Traditional air treatment and purification systems require the use of numerous devices, air transport systems, which are energy-consuming. It is necessary to clean or replace the working elements periodically. The alternative is biophilic installations (green walls) based on the natural properties of plants for removing gaseous pollutants, particulate matter and even bioaerosols from the air. Plants improve humidity, regulate the carbon dioxide concentration, ionize the air and suppress noise. However, the processes of photocatalytic degradation of gaseous compounds are a very promising method of removing impurities, due to low costs, mild process conditions (temperature and pressure) and the possibility of complete mineralization of impurities.

PL

Praca dotyczy zagadnienia technik oczyszczania powietrza wewnętrznego w zrównoważonych budynkach użyteczności publicznej i sektorze mieszkalnym. Jednym z wymogów budownictwa zrównoważonego jest ograniczenie kosztów zużycia energii, minimalizacja powstawania odpadów, poprawa samopoczucia użytkowników oraz tworzenie zielonej przestrzeni. Najważniejsze systemy certyfikacji zielonych/ ekologicznych budynków takie jak LEED czy BREEAM obejmują również ocenę środowiska wewnętrznego w zakresie jakości powietrza, poziomu hałasu, akustyki budynku i jego energochłonności. Tradycyjne systemy uzdatniania i oczyszczania powietrza wymagają wykorzystania licznych urządzeń, systemów przesyłu powietrza świeżego i zużytego, które są energochłonne. Konieczne jest ich okresowe czyszczenie lub wymiana elementów roboczych. Alternatywą są instalacje biofiliczne (zielone ściany) oparte na naturalnych właściwościach roślin do usuwania z powietrza zanieczyszczeń gazowych, pyłów a nawet bioaerozoli. Rośliny poprawiają wilgotność, regulują stężenie dwutlenku węgla, jonizują powietrze i tłumią hałas. Natomiast procesy fotokatalitycznej degradacji związków gazowych są bardzo obiecującą metodą usuwania zanieczyszczeń, ze względu na niewielkie koszty, łagodne warunki prowadzenia procesów (temperatura i ciśnienie) i możliwość całkowitej mineralizacji zanieczyszczeń.

2

Organic Moulding Sands for Production of Large-Size Castings

Major-Gabryś K., Hosadyna-Kondracka M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2019

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iss. 3

99--105

EN

Recently, some major changes have occurred in the structure of the European foundry industry, such as a rapid development in the production of castings from compacted graphite iron and light alloys at the expense of limiting the production of steel castings. This created a significant gap in the production of heavy steel castings (exceeding the weight of 30 Mg) for the metallurgical, cement and energy industries. The problem is proper moulding technology for such heavy castings, whose solidification and cooling time may take even several days, exposing the moulding material to a long-term thermal and mechanical load. Owing to their technological properties, sands with organic binders (synthetic resins) are the compositions used most often in industrial practice. Their main advantages include high strength, good collapsibility and knocking out properties, as well as easy mechanical reclamation. The main disadvantage of these sands is their harmful effect on the environment, manifesting itself at various stages of the casting process, especially during mould pouring. This is why new solutions are sought for sands based on organic binders to ensure their high technological properties but at the same time less harmfulness for the environment. This paper discusses the possibility of reducing the harmful effect of sands with furfuryl binders owing to the use of resins with reduced content of free furfuryl alcohol and hardeners with reduced sulphur content. The use of alkyd binder as an alternative to furfuryl binder has also been proposed and possible application of phenol-formaldehyde resins was considered.

3

Influence of Silica Sand on Surface Casting Quality

Beňo J., Adamusová K., Merta V., Bajer T.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2019

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iss. 2

5--8

EN

The current casting production of castings brings increased demands for surface and internal quality of the castings. Important factors, that influence the quality of casted components, are the materials used for the manufacture of moulds and cores. For the preparation and production of moulds and cores, in order to achieve a low level of casting defects, then it used a high quality input materials, including various types of sands, modified binders, additives, etc. However, even the most expensive raw materials are not a guarantee to achieve the quality of production. It is always necessary to choose the appropriate combination of input material together with an appropriate proposal for the way of the production, the metallurgical treatment of cast alloy, etc. The aim of this paper is to establish the basic principles for the selection of the base core mixtures components – sands to eliminate defects from the tension, specifically veining. Various silica sand, which are commonly used in foundries of Middle Europe region, were selected and tested.

4

Przegląd innowacyjnych materiałów i form konstrukcyjnych w mostownictwie

Siwowski T.

Mosty

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2017

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nr 6

22--27

PL

W ostatnich kilkunastu latach budownictwo mostowe jest dziedziną gospodarki, w której ma miejsce wdrażanie licznych innowacji. Ich subiektywny przegląd, bazujący na światowych i krajowych przykładach, przedstawił autor w artykule. Innowacje podzielono na dwie główne grupy: innowacje materiałowe oraz innowacje konstrukcyjne. W pierwszej grupie zostały przedstawione nowe materiały w konwencjonalnych formach, w drugiej – nowe formy konstrukcyjne z konwencjonalnych materiałów.

EN

Bridge engineering has recently became the industry branch where innovation development is taking place. In the paper, the author’s subjective selection of the world and domestic bridge innovations has been presented. They have been divided into two groups: material innovations and structural innovations. In the first group, new materials in conventional structural forms have been described, while in the other group new structural solutions made of conventional materials have been presented.

5

The Design of Cast Technological Equipment for Heat Treatment Furnaces

Drotlew A., Piekarski B., Słowik J.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 17, iss. 3

31--36

EN

Various examples of the design of cast elements of the equipment used in furnaces for the heat treatment of machine parts are given. Shortcomings in their performance are indicated. Reasons for required stability of equipment are briefly discussed. Elements of equipment illustrate the possibilities of using a charge-carrying pallet with dimensions of 900×600×45 mm as a basis for multi-component technological equipment. Introducing additional elements, such as metal baskets, intermediate pallets or crossbars to the main pallet, it becomes possible to create different configurations of this equipment. The technological equipment presented and discussed here is offered to different plants which heat-treat a wide variety of produced parts. It was found that the reliability and durability of new designed equipment can be checked only during practical use. For large plants dealing with the heat treatment of bulk quantities of parts homogeneous or similar in shape is recommended to use the dedicated tooling.

6

Examining the Possibilities of Analyzing the Solidification Process of Al-Si Alloy with the Infrared Camera

Władysiak R., Kozuń A., Pacyniak T.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 16, iss. 1

89--94

EN

The paper presents the results of the crystallization process of silumin by the TDA thermographic method and the results of the cast microstructure obtained in the sampler ATD-10, that was cooling down in ambient air. The study was conducted for silumins AlSi8 and AlSi11 unmodified. The work demonstrated that the use of thermal imaging camera allows for the measurement and recording the solidification process of silumin. Thermal curve was registered with the infrared camera and derivative curve that was calculated on the base of thermal curve have both a very similar shape to adequate them TDA curves obtained from measurements using a thermocouple. Test results by TDA thermographic method enable quantitative analysis of the kinetics of the cooling and solidification process of hypo- and neareutectic silumins.

7

3DP Technology for the Manufacture of Molds for Pressure Casting

Skorulski G.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 16, iss. 3

99--102

EN

The paper presents the use of rapid prototyping technology of three dimensional printing (3DP) to make a prototype shell casting mold. In the first step, for identification purposes, a mold was prepared to enable different alloys to be cast. All molds being cast were designed in a universal CAD environment and printed with the zp151 composite material (Calcium sulfate hemihydrate) with a zb63 binder (2-pyrrolidone). It is designated to be used to prepare colourful models presenting prototypes or casting models and molds. The usefulness of 3DP technology for use with copper alloys, aluminum and zinc was analyzed. The strength of the mold during casting was assumed as a characteristic comparative feature in the material resistance to high temperature, the quality of the resulting casting and its surface roughness. Casting tests were carried out in vacuum – pressure casting. The casting programs applied, significantly increased the quality of castings and enabled precise mold submergence. Significant improvement was noted in the quality compared to the same castings obtained by gravity casting.

8

Zastosowanie PLA jako spoiwa w masach formierskich i rdzeniowych

Kozłowski J., Kochański A., Perzyk M., Tryznowski M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 14, iss. 2 spec.

51--54

PL

Rosnąca popularność polimerów biodegradowalnych, możliwości ich wytwarzania, przetwarzania i wykorzystania, stwarzają szansę opracowania nowych materiałów wiążących, do zastosowania w przemyśle odlewniczym. Nowe spoiwa biopolimerowe, spełniające wymagania z zakresu ochrony środowiska, mogą stanowić alternatywę dla dotychczas stosowanych spoiw do mas formierskich i rdzeniowych, w przypadku uzyskania wymaganych właściwości wytrzymałościowych i technologicznych. Prezentowane rozwiązanie, alternatywne do dotychczas opisywanych w literaturze, obejmujące badania mas otrzymywanych z piasków otaczanych spoiwem biodegradowanlym PLA, dotyczy optymalizacji właściwości wytrzymałościowych, w odniesieniu do procentowej zawartości biopolimeru, temperatury i czasu wytwarzania form i rdzeni metodą HOT-BOX. Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają sądzić, że biopolimery mogą być skutecznym zamiennikiem dotychczas stosowanych spoiw mas formierskich i rdzeniowych, a metoda wytwarzania z użyciem piasków otaczanych, może być równie skuteczna jak metody alternatywne.

EN

Currently moulding sand with biopolymers as a binding agent appears to be probably the most interesting achievement in the mould production from ecology point of view. New biopolymer materials offer the parameters comparable to those which have been in use up to now. Moulding sands with a biopolymer binder were produced. The moulding process of 2% PLA sandmix involving different fusion temperatures and times was studied and the results presented. The results of observations and ultimate tensile strength tests were offered. The obtained results point to the fact that the new sandmix moulding method offered similar results that obtained in the literature. The issue is viewed as requiring further research.

9

The Implementation of Computer Platform for Foundries Cooperating in a Supply Chain

Wilk-Kołodziejczyk D., Kluska-Nawarecka S., Rojek G., Regulski K.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 14, iss. 3

111--116

EN

This article presents a practical solution in the form of implementation of agent-based platform for the management of contracts in a network of foundries. The described implementation is a continuation of earlier scientific work in the field of design and theoretical system specification for cooperating companies [1]. The implementation addresses key design assumptions - the system is implemented using multi-agent technology, which offers the possibility of decentralisation and distributed processing of specified contracts and tenders. The implemented system enables the joint management of orders for a network of small and medium-sized metallurgical plants, while providing them with greater competitiveness and the ability to carry out large procurements. The article presents the functional aspects of the system - the user interface and the principle of operation of individual agents that represent businesses seeking potential suppliers or recipients of services and products. Additionally, the system is equipped with a bi-directional agent translating standards based on ontologies, which aims to automate the decision-making process during tender specifications as a response to the request.

10

Kształtowanie mikrostruktury i właściwości mechanicznych brązów cynowych

Rzadkosz S., Kozana J., Garbacz-Klempka A., Piękoś M., Cieślak W.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 14, iss. 4 spec.

107--110

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań nad wybraną grupą stopów z układu Cu-Sn. Przeanalizowano oddziaływanie udziału cyny w brązach cynowych w zakresie od 6 do 30 %. Kontynuując badania zmierzające do uzyskania odpornych na zużycie brązów spoza grup znormalizowanych stopów miedzi, oceniono oddziaływanie dodatku aluminium w stopach Cu-Sn. Przeprowadzono badania metalograficzne zmierzające do określenia mechanizmów oddziaływania zmiennych zawartości dodatków stopowych z uwagi na zmiany podstawowych właściwości mechanicznych. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na wyraźne zmiany mikrostruktur badanych stopów, jak również wykazują silne utwardzenie stopów Cu-Sn. Zastosowane dodatki aluminium w zakresie do 3 % w wybranych stopach powodują również poprawę właściwości mechanicznych badanych brązów cynowych z dodatkiem aluminium.

EN

During the research a chosen group of copper - tin alloys were investigated. The influence Sn in tin bronzes was analysed in the broad spectrum between 6 to 30%. Continuing the research aiming at obtaining durable bronzes outside the normalised copper alloys, the influence of chosen aluminium additive in selected Cu-Sn alloys was assessed. Metallographic tests were carried out to determine the operating mechanisms and also the influence of the varied alloying additives from the perspective of changes in the basic properties of the alloys investigated. The obtained results clearly point to the changes in microstructures and mechanical properties of the alloys investigated.

11

Granulation of Cu-Al-Fe-Ni Bronze

Pisarek B. P.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 14, iss. 3

61--66

EN

With the increase in wall thickness of the casting of iron-nickel-aluminium-bronze, by the reduction of the cooling rate the size of &κII phase precipitates increases. This process, in the case of complex aluminium bronzes with additions of Cr, Mo and W is increased. Crystallization of big κII phase, during slow cooling of the casting, reduces the concentration of additives introduced to the bronze matrix and hardness. Undertaken research to develop technology of thick-walled products (g> 6 mm) of complex aluminium bronzes. Particular attention was paid to the metallurgy of granules. As a result, a large cooling speed of the alloy, and also high-speed solidification casting a light weight of the granules allows: to avoid micro-and macrosegregation, decreasing the particle size, increase the dispersion of phases in multiphase alloys. Depending on the size granules as possible is to provide finished products with a wall thickness greater than 6 mm by infiltration of liquid alloy of granules (composites). Preliminary studies was conducted using drip method granulate of CuAl10Fe5Ni5 bronze melted in a INDUTHERM-VC 500 D Vacuum Pressure Casting Machine. This bronze is a starting alloy for the preparation of the complex aluminium bronzes with additions of Cr, Mo, W and C or Si. Optimizations of granulation process was carried out. As the process control parameters taken a casting temperature t (°C) and the path h (mm) of free-fall of the metal droplets in the surrounding atmosphere before it is intensively cooled in a container of water. The granulate was subjected to a sieve analysis. For the objective function was assume maximize of the product of Um*n, the percentage weight "Um" and the quantity of granules 'n' in the mesh fraction...

12

Experimental Modeling to Facilitate Removal of Inclusion Contaminants from the Contact Surface in Transversal Extrusion Processes

Skorulski G., Piwnik J., Hościło B.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 14, iss. 1 spec.

209--212

EN

The paper presents experimental optimization of geometrical conditions regarding the shape of billet’s end pieces in the extrusion process of aluminum alloys. The experiments were performed using appropriately pre-treated plasticine as a substitute material. A special test stand was built using a Plexiglass die in order to make it possible to conduct observations and measurements of the modeled contamination surface. To find the best solution, a great number of shape variants of the billets and of their heating temperatures were experimentally analyzed. An attempt was made to find such a solution that could not only resolve the issue of the removal of contaminants from the contact surface of the pre- heated billets but also develop the least complicated technology of billet fabrication. The test results show how to develop the design process and production technology and also offer advice how to improve the quality of the produced profiles. Finally the authors recommend such a shape for the billets that will ensure effective removal of contaminants from the contact surfaces.

13

Effect of Cooling Rate on Microstructure of Thin-Walled Vermicular Graphite Iron Castings

Górny M., Kawalec M., Sikora G.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 14, iss. 1 spec.

139--142

EN

This article addresses the effect of cooling rate and of titanium additions on the microstructure of thin-walled vermicular graphite iron (TWCI) castings as determined by changing molding media, section size and Ferro Titanium. The research work was carried out on TWCI castings and reference castings of 2-5 mm and 13-mm wall thickness, respectively. Various molding materials were employed (silica sand and insulating sand ‘‘LDASC’’) to achieve different cooling rates. Thermal analysis was implemented for determinations of the actual cooling rates at the onset of solidification. This study shows that the cooling rates exhibited in the TWCI castings varies widely (70- 14oC/s) when the wall thickness is changed from 2 to 5 mm. In turn, this is accompanied by a significant variation in the vermicular graphite fraction. The resultant cooling rates were effectively reduced by applying an insulating sand in order to obtain the desired vermicular graphite shape. In addition, good agreement was found between the theoretical predictions of the solidification process and the experimental outcome. Ti additions in combination with LDASC sand molds were highly effective in promoting the development of over 80 % vermicular graphite in castings with wall thicknesses of 2 and 3 mm as evidenced by quantitative metallographic analyses.

14

Effect of Chemical Composition of the Matrix on AlSi/SiCp+Cp Composite Structure

Dolata A. J., Dyzia M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 14, iss. 1 spec.

135--138

EN

The casting processes using mechanical stirring of composite suspension are considered for the most economical methods for manufacturing of metal matrix composites in the application and industrial practice. The most common problems during the composite suspensions production include: weak wetting between liquid Al alloy and ceramic particles and gassing of composite mixtures resulting with introducing the particles into aluminium alloy and long-term stirring process. The agglomerates and clusters of particles created among others as an effect of gas blisters absorption on the surface of ceramics causes discontinuity of composite structure and thereby they reduce properties of final products. The porosity has disadvantageous effect on mechanical properties of products, it reduces the corrosion and wear resistance, particularly under technically dry friction conditions. Therefore, to produced the casts composite possessed optimal properties, it is necessary their minimal porosity. To obtaining a good high-quality castings, the proper selection of components, particularly the chemical composition of the Al matrix and the kind of reinforcement are necessary. In this paper, the effect of chemical composition of the matrix on AlSi/SiCp+Cp composite structure were presented.

15

Casting of Hearth Plates from High-chromium Steel

Drotlew A., Garbiak M., Piekarski B.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 14, iss. 4

27--30

EN

The paper presents the results of studies on the development of manufacturing technologies to cast hearth plates operating in chamber furnaces for heat treatment. Castings made from the heat-resistant G-X40CrNiSi27-4 steel were poured in hand-made green sand molds. The following operations were performed: computer simulation to predict the distribution of internal defects in castings produced by the above mentioned technology with risers bare and coated with exothermic and insulating sleeves, analysis of each variant of the technology, and manufacture of experimental castings. As a result of the conducted studies and analysis it was found that the use of risers with exothermic sleeves does not affect to a significant degree the quality of the produced castings of hearth plates, but it significantly improves the metal yield.

16

Industrial Tests on "Formowax" Pattern Wax Under Investment Foundry Conditions

Kurdziel P., Dydak A., Robak I., Kubosz G.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 12, iss. 2s

41--44

EN

Soft pattern waxes used in investment castings are a mixture of paraffin, stearin and minor amounts of ceresin, polyethylene wax and other natural and synthetic waxes. Nowadays foundries conduct the process of pattern wax formulating on their own. However, instability of the ingredients parameters can have a negative impact on the technological characteristics of the obtained waxes. The paper presents the results of tests on applying a ready-made "FORMOWAX" pattern wax developed by Polwax Sp. z o.o. Application of the reference wax was tested for standard patterns made in Specodlew investment foundry.

17

Water mist effect on cooling process and microstructure of silumin

Władysiak R.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 9, iss. 3

205-210

EN

The paper presents the results of the process of crystallization and cooling of the AlSi11 silumin and temperature distribution in the wall of iron and bronze research casting die in the temperature field of 750 to 100oC in casting of the silumin with use of water cooling mist in the air at a pressure of 0.30 to 0.40MPa and the water from 0.35 to 0.45MPa. Showing the nature and rate of change of temperature in die casting and the formation of temperature gradient on the thickness of the die casting wall in the direction of the nozzle surface of the outer wall of the cooling die casting. Using derivation curves and regression equations there has been compared: the mean and instantaneous rates of crystallization and cooling cast in values of 750 - 200oC. In addition, there are presented the differences arising from the microstructure change of the die's type and thickness of its walls, the thickness of cast and the fact of using cooling water mist. The conduct of the changes of the hardness of the cast as a result of the applied cooling method of the die casting. It has been shown that the use of water mist with a variability of the die's wall thickness in the cooling zone gives control of the crystallization process, microstructure and mechanical properties of the final silumin cast.

18

Thin wall ductile iron casting as a substitute for aluminum alloy casting in automotive industry

Górny M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 9, iss. 1

143-146

EN

In paper it is presented thin wall ductile iron casting (TWDI) as a substitute of aluminium alloy casting. Upper control arm made of ductile iron with wall thickness ranging from 2 - 3.7 mm was produced by inmold process. Structure, mechanical properties and computer simulations were investigated. Structural analysis of TWDI shows pearlitic-ferritic matrix free from chills and porosity. Mechanical testing disclose superior ultimate tensile strength (Rm), yield strength (Rp0,2) and slightly lower elongation (E) of TWDI in comparison with forged control arm made of aluminium alloy (6061-T6). Moreover results of computer simulation of static loading for tested control arms are presented. Analysis show that the light-weight ductile iron casting can be loaded to similar working conditions as the forged Al alloy without any potential failures.

19

The thermal analysis and derivative bronzes cast to plaster moulds

Pisarek B., Pawlak M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 9, iss. 3

159-168

EN

It plaster moulds gets casted the alloys of following metals: Al, Cu, Ag, Au in precise and artistic founding. The investigation of the crystallization of bronzes in hot plaster moulds the method of the thermal analysis and derivative (TDA) was not realized out so far. Probe TDAg and tripod enabling the execution of measurements on inductive casting machine INDUTHERM-VC 500D were designed for this technology especially. It was confirmed that one the method TDA can identify the crystallization process of the bronze in hot plaster moulds. The investigations of the superficial distribution of the concentration of elements in the microstructure of the studied grades of the bronze on X-ray microanalizer were conducted. It results that they be subject to in bronze CuSn10-C (B10) and the CuSn5Zn5Pb5-C (B555) of strong microsegregation from conducted investigations: Pb, Sn and Sb. The single separates of intermetallic phase \kappa was identified in the bronze B10 rich first of all in Zn, Sn, Sb and Fe, and two intermetallic phase, one rich were identified in the bronze B555 first of all in Zn, Sb, (Nor, Fe) and second rich in Sn, Sb, (Nor, Fe). The most homogeneous microstructure from the bronze CuAl10Fe5Ni5-C (BA1055) is characterizes among the studied grades of the bronze in the cast state.

20

The influence of carbon and copper on the solidification process of the ferritic-austenitic cast steel

Stradomska J.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 9, iss. 3

177-180

EN

Technological problems which occur during the production of castings made of ferritic-austenitic (duplex) cast steel have caused that this most modern material among corrosion-resistant cast steels is seldom produced in Poland. The main reason of arising problems is the necessity of achieving a very low carbon content (Cmax = 0.03%, according to PN-EN 10283:2004) and the occurring of hot cracking. It is impossible for our domestic foundries to achieve such a low carbon content, because it demands for out-of-furnace treatment. It should be mentioned that the standards developed by international cast steel producers admit also cast steel grades with higher carbon content than the PN-EN 10283:2004 Standard. The so far produced in Poland massive castings have exhibited higher (0,05 - 0,12) carbon content, but also the significant hot cracking susceptibility. Is the increased carbon content along with about 3% copper addition, which lowers the temperature of the end of solidification process, the reason of hot cracking of produced castings? The paper presents the results of investigation performed by DDTA and ThermoCalc analyses, as well as by microstructural examination for duplex cast iron with varying carbon content.