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1

Analysis of improvements in technologicalproperties of WC-Co tool materials fabricated by sparkplasmasintering

Siwak P., Peta K., Garbiec D.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 75, nr 2

61--65

EN

Purpose: The technological properties of WC-Co tool materials fabricated by spark plasma sintering has been investigated. Design/methodology/approach: The technological properties has been investigated using instrumented indentation and a Vickers tip indenter with an applied load of 300 mN. SEM and LM methods were used to characterize the microstructure. Findings: The best results of nanohardness (2144 HV0.031), elastic modulus (673 GPa), susceptibility to brittle cracking (0.60 μm/N) and work cracking (0.09 μJ) were obtained by compacts spark plasma sintered for a holding time of 3 min and at a heating rate of 300°C/min from a WC-6Co premixed powder with a particle size of 100-200 nm. Practical implications: The nanohardness, elastic modulus, susceptibility to brittle cracking and work cracking have been studied. Originality/value: Investigations of the role of holding time and heating rate in the spark plasma sintering process of WC-6Co tool materials revealed that nanohardness, elastic modulus and susceptibility to brittle cracking increase with a decreasing holding time and heating rate in contrast to work cracking which decreased.

2

Materiały narzędziowe we współczesnych narzędziach skrawających

Sałaciński T.

Stal, Metale & Nowe Technologie

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2015

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nr 3-4

52--57

PL

W artykule omówiono postępy i trendy we współczesnych materiałach stosowanych w narzędziach skrawających z uwzględnieniem powłok ochronnych. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na materiały ceramiczne, coraz powszechniej wchodzące do praktyki przemysłowej.

3

Fractographic and structural peculiarities of laser weld-on layers with a maraging alloy

Shtarbakov V., Stavrev D.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 75, nr 1

12--17

EN

Purpose: Purpose of the present paper is to investigate the fractographical peculiarities of the layers welded-on the surface of 30CrMoV12-28 (DIN) tool steel by laser with additional material of marraging alloy. Design/methodology/approach: The operation was accomplished on an AL 200 automatic weld-on machine with an Nd:YAG pulse resonator providing a beam of 1064 nm wavelength. The mean power output of the pulse was 200 W and the maximum peak power output was 10 kW. The operating frequency was 20 Hz. The diameter of the laser beam focused on the sample surface was 0.6 mm. The weld-on maraging alloy featured contents of 0.02C - 0.2Si - 0.2Mn - 2Cr - 19.3Ni - 0.4V - 4.7Mo - 14.5Co - 0.25Al, wt%. Studied were the fractures obtained at three - point bending of the layer upon weld-on followed by two - hour age hardening at temperatures of 550 and 600°C. Findings: The nature of deformation along the weld-on layer under tensile impact strains was studied, the destruction being trans-crystalline determined by the prevailing plastic deformation.The destruction after age hardening at temperatures of 550 and 600°C was of the mixed and trans-crystalline type. The results of the processes of dispersion hardening and those of the beginning of coherent phase formation were connected with the main matrix of the inter-metallic compounds based on NiAl and NiMo. The condition of the structure was characterized by the so called “pit” curved surface of the destruction. The analysis of the fractures along with the EDS analysis showed that the inter-metallic phases formed in the process of secondary hardening of the material in the weld-on layer were of the NiAl, NiMo and Ni3Mo type. Research limitations/implications: For more correct determination of phase contents in depth of hardened layers have to be used XRD techniques. Practical implications: Taking into account the high value of the materials used for producing press-forming dies it is of vital importance to find possibilities for considerable increase of the lifecycle of casting moulds. Laser surface welding-on by using of maraging alloy as additional material is cost effective technology for repairing of press-forming dies.

4

On-line wear characterization of TiN- and CrN-coated DIN115CrV3 steel for cutting tools application

Oteyaka M. O., Yildirim M. M., Cakan C.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 65, nr 1

24--31

EN

Purpose: This study compares the material removal performance of hardened steels DIN 115CrV3 coated with TiN and CrN using PVD method. Design/methodology/approach: New on-line monitoring wear system, thermal imager, and weight loss method were used to analyze to quantify and compare with uncoated tools. Findings: The results of abrasive wear experiments showed that weight loss increased with an increase in load applied for all tools. The microstructure and chemical analysis of each of the three tools showed some traces of abrasion and galling of Manganium from the workpiece. During abrasion test, thermal imager showed lower heating on the CrN coated tools. On-line wear analysis results show that at the low cutting speed (18 m/min), TiN-coated tools performed a higher wear resistance compared to rivals while at higher cutting speed CrN slightly show superior efficiency. The microstructure analysis of the tools confirmed fracture and galling on each of the tools. Research limitations/implications: For future work, ceramic nano-coating on cutting tools can provide better wear resistance than ceramic micro coating. Practical implications: Involve to use cheaper tools with higher mechanical properties. Usually, the cutting tools made from ceramic coating show an adequate level of wear resistance against the workpiece. Those tools ,with the limited processing, can be used for machining soft steels. Originality/value: New on-line method and thermal imager used in this study and for the first time DIN 115CrV3 was evaluated as cutting tools.

5

Własności tribologiczne stopów z układu Ni-Ta-Al-M o dużej zawartości węgla

Bała P., Krawczyk J., Madej M.

Tribologia

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2012

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nr 3

21-28

PL

W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono ocenę własności tribologicznych stopów z układu Ni-Ta-Al-M o dużej zawartości węgla. Materiały te zaprojektowano do pracy w wysokich temperaturach w warunkach silnego zużycia tribologicznego oraz agresywnego chemicznie środowiska. Omówiono mikrostrukturę badanych stopów po odlaniu i po obróbce cieplnej oraz określono rodzaj i udział objętościowy węglików. Badania tribologiczne wykonano w temperaturze pokojowej, w stanie po odlaniu oraz po obróbce cieplnej celem określenia roli węglików w mechanizmie zużycia. Określono wpływ obciążenia i czasu trwania próby na parametry tribologiczne ww. stopów. Dla wszystkich wariantów testów tribologicznych wyznaczono wielkość zużycia, współczynnik tarcia oraz określono mechanizm zużycia.

EN

In the paper, the two alloys from Ni-Ta-Al-M system with high carbon content, strengthened by intermetallic compounds, are presented. The chemical compositions of the new materials were designed in such a way as to obtain matrix strengthening by means of the precipitation of intermetallic compounds rich in Ni as well as Al and Ta and having the carbide fraction above 20%. Carbides should remain stable in the microstructure, regardless of the heat treatment, since they favourably influence an abrasion resistance. Tools use for special application made of these materials should primarily have good tribological properties at elevated temperatures. The microstructures and carbides volume fraction of investigated alloys are described. The tribological tests were performed at ambient temperature to determined the role of the carbides in the wear mechanism. The wear level, coefficient of wear, and wear mechanism for all investigated alloys, are described.

6

Wykonanie płytek skrawających z monolitycznego spieku diamentowego

Jaworska L, Rozmus M, Laszkiewicz-Łukasik J, Wyżga P, Podsiadło M, Czechowski K

Mechanik

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2012

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R. 85, nr 8-9CD (SOS)

39--46

7

Modelowanie MES wpływu właściwości termofizycznych materiałów obrabianych i narzędziowych na zmiany charakterystyk procesu skrawania

Niesłony P, Laskowski P

Mechanik

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2012

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R. 85, nr 8-9CD (SOS)

207--216

8

Ceramiczne materiały narzędziowe o osnowie Al2O3 i Si3N4 kształtowane metodą elektroerozyjną

Putyra P, Ziółek J, Laszkiewicz-Łukasik J, Krzywda T, Zachorowski J

Mechanik

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2012

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R. 85, nr 8-9CD (SOS)

47--54

9

Ocena własności tribologicznych nowych materiałów narzędziowych na osnowie niklu

Bała P., Krawczyk J., Madej M.

Tribologia

|

2011

|

nr 4

11-19

PL

W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono nowe materiały na osnowie niklu umacniane związkami faz międzymetalicznych o dużej zawartości węgla. Skład chemiczny nowych materiałów zaprojektowano tak, aby umocnienie osnowy uzyskać w wyniku wydzielania związków międzymetalicznych bogatych Ni oraz Al i Ta, a udział węglików pierwotnych wynosił przynajmniej 20%. Węgliki powinny pozostać stabilne w mikrostrukturze niezależnie od obróbki cieplnej, wpływając korzystnie na odporność na ścieranie. Materiały te mają charakteryzować się przede wszystkim dobrymi własnościami tribologicznymi wykonanych z nich narzędzi do specjalnych zastosowań. Omówiono mikrostrukturę badanych stopów oraz określono rodzaj i udział objętościowy faz węglikowych. Badania tribologiczne wykonano przy temperaturze pokojowej celem określenia roli faz węglików w mechanizmie zużycia. Dla wszystkich badanych stopów wyznaczono wielkość zużycia, współczynnik tarcia oraz określono mechanizm zużycia.

EN

In the paper, the new Ni-based materials with a high carbon content, strengthened by intermetallic compounds, were presented. The chemical compositions of the new materials were designed in such a way as to obtain the matrix strengthening by means of the precipitation of intermetallic compounds rich in Ni as well as Al and Ta and to have the carbide fraction above 20%. Carbides should remain stable in microstructure, regardless of the heat treatment, since they favourably influence an abrasion resistance. Tools use for special application made of these materials should have good tribological properties at elevated temperature. The microstructures and carbides volume fraction of investigated alloys, were described. The reason the tribological test was performed at ambient temperature was to determine the role of the carbides in wear mechanism. The wear level, coefficient of wear, and wear mechanism for all investigated alloys, were described.

10

Postępy w konstrukcji narzędzi skrawających

Sałaciński T.

Obróbka Metalu

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2011

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nr 2

5-8

PL

W artykule omówiono postępy i trendy w konstrukcjach współczesnych narzędzi skrawających, dotyczące w szczególności: materiałów narzędziowych, powłok ochronnych, kształtów i mocowania płytek skrawających, mocowania narzędzi oraz narzędzi modułowych, zespołowych, wielozadaniowych i mechatronicznych.

11

Materiały na narzędzia do wydajnej wykończeniowej obróbki skrawaniem

Czechowski K., Stós J., Wronska I., Wszolek J.

Obróbka Metalu

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2011

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nr 2

26-28

PL

Obserwowany, zwłaszcza w ostatnim dziesięcioleciu, intensywny rozwój inżynierii materiałowej i wynikające z niego coraz szersze stosowanie nowych gatunków materiałów, szczególnie w przemyśle lotniczym, samochodowym oraz w technice medycznej, stwarza potrzebę dysponowania techniką ekonomicznego kształtowania wysokiej jakości wyrobów wykonywanych z nowych materiałów.

12

The investigations of (Ti,Al)N and (Al,Ti)N coatings obtained by PVD process onto sintered cutting tools

Dobrzański L. A., Staszuk M., Pawlyta M., Konieczny J.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 42, nr 1-2

148-155

EN

Purpose: The main aim of this research was an investigation of both the coatings structure and mechanical properties deposited by the cathode arc evaporation physical vapor deposition (CAE-PVD) on sintered carbides and sialon tool ceramics substrates. Design/methodology/approach: The (Ti,Al)N and (Al,Ti)N coatings were investigated. Microstructure was characterized using the scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Phases composition analysis was carried out by the XRD and GIXRD method. Investigation of surface roughness was done. The mechanical properties were determined on basis of following research: a measurement of hardness using Vickres’s method, a measurement of roughness, adhesion using Scratch Test method. The cutting ability was defined on basis of technological cutting trials. Findings: The investigations made by use of the glow discharge optical emission spectrometer indicate the existence of the transition zone between the substrate material and the coating. The results shows that (Al,Ti)N coating presents good adhesion onto booth substrates and (Ti,Al)N coating presents good adhesion onto sintered carbides substrate. All the coatings demonstrate a high hardness. Research limitations/implications: The good adhesion (Al,Ti)N coating to sialon substrate is connecting with the same type of bonding in coat and sialon substrate. Originality/value: The good properties of the PVD gradient coatings make them suitable for various engineering and industrial applications.

13

The influence of kinetics of phase transformations during tempering on high-speed steels mechanical properties

Bała P., Pacyna J.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 43, nr 1

64-71

EN

Purpose: The main purpose of the presented paper was the determination of the influence of the phase transformation kinetics, at tempering, on the properties of high-speed steels. In order to achieve this aim investigations of the influence of continuous heating and isothermal tempering from the as-quenched state on the investigated steels hardness were performed. The advancement degree change obtained by changing the heating rate and by pre-tempering was applied in strength properties studies. Design/methodology/approach: Due to a high brittleness of tested steels it was decided to test their strength by means of the static bend test. The tests were carried out on 5 samples using the INSTRON testing machine. The microstructure of investigated steels in the as-quenched state was examined by the light microscope Axiovert 200 MAT and the scanning electron microscope Hitachi 3500 N. The measurements of hardness were performed with the Vickers HPO250 apparatus. Findings: Changing heating rates for tempering one can influence steel properties. Better results are achieved when steels are heated up to the tempering temperature with the higher rate. The heating rate increased from 15°C/min to 300°C/min improved the investigated steels bending strength by 8%. Research limitations/implications: Phase transformations at tempering, being diffusive transformations, are characterised by the determined kinetics depending on a temperature and time of heating. Complexity of processes occurring at tempering, as well as the diversity of influencing factors creates the possibility of searching for prolonging the life-span of tools made of high-speed steels. Regardless that only two, well known high-speed steels HS18-0-1 and HS6-5-2 were tested, the obtained results can be referred to the whole group of high-speed steels. Practical implications: On the basis of the obtained results it is possible to select the tempering parameters in such a way as to achieve the optimal combination of strength and plastic properties needed for the anticipated application of the given high-speed steel. Originality/value: This results should be of interest to engineers concerned with designing the new technologies of high-speed steels tempering.

14

Structure and mechanical properties of PVD coatings for tool materials

Dobrzański L. A., Śliwa A., Żukowska L. W., Mikuła J., Gołombek K.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 42, nr 1-2

33-41

EN

Purpose: The goal of this work is to investigate and compare the properties of (Ti,Al)N, Ti(C,N) and (Ti,Al,Si)N coatings, deposited on cemented carbide and cermet substrates. Design/methodology/approach: Coatings deposition were carried out using the PVD method by the cathodic arc evaporation (CAE) process. Investigations of surfaces and structures of the deposited coatings were carried out with use of SEM and TEM methods. Roughness parameter measurements, adhesion evaluation of the coatings on the investigated inserts, the Vickers microhardness measurements and detailed cutting tests were carried out to compare the properties of the investigated materials. Findings: The results of the investigations carried out confirm the advantages of PVD coatings deposited onto both: cemented carbides and cermets, especially in case of (Ti,Al)N and (Ti,Al,Si)N coatings. Coatings deposited onto the investigated substrates are characterised by good adhesion, high microhardness, taking effect in very high increasing of wear resistance. Practical implications: Deposition of hard, thin, multicomponent coatings on materials surface by PVD method features one of the most intensely developed directions of improvement of the working properties of materials. Employment of introduced combinations of substrates and coatings make it possible to transit of machining of semi-products from roughing to semi-finishing or finishing in one setting. Originality/value: Coatings based on (Ti,Al)N, (Ti,Al,Si)N as well as Ti(C,N) were developed to provide better performance over titanium nitride since the incorporation of aluminum or carbon in TiN increased hardness, decreased coefficient of friction of the coatings. Tools with such coatings reveal a significant life extension in service compared to the uncoated tools or coated with simple coatings based on monolayers of nitrides or carbonitrides, improvement of the tribological contact conditions in the tool-chip-machined material contact zone, and protection of the tool edge from oxidation and extensive overheating.

15

Properties of Ti(B,N) coatings deposited onto cemented carbides and sialon tool ceramics

Dobrzański L. A., Staszuk M., Gołombek K., Pancielejko M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 41, nr 1-2

66-73

EN

Purpose: The aim of this paper was to investigate mechanical properties both of sintered carbides WC-Co type and sialon tool ceramics with wear resistance ternary coatings Ti(B,N) type deposited by the cathodic arc evaporation process (CAE-PVD). Design/methodology/approach: The microhardness tests of coatings were made using the ultra microhardness tester. The grain size of investigated coatings was determined by the Scherrer method. Tests of the coatings adhesion to a substrate material were made using the scratch test. There was investigated the roughness of both uncoated and coated surface multi-point inserts. Wear mechanism observations, after the scratch test, were carried out by the scanning electron microscope with EDS attachment. Findings: This paper presents that studied PVD coatings deposited on sintered carbides and sialon tool ceramics have an effect on increasing hardness surface of tools. Moreover, the results achieved after the investigation shown that a coating obtaining on tool ceramics has bigger grains and a smaller adhesion to substrate rather than a coating on sintered carbides. Furthermore, the investigations were shown that both single and double-sided delamination was a principal defect mechanism during the scratch test. Practical implications: The gradient Ti(B,N) coating carried out on multi point inserts (made on sintered carbides WC-Co type) can be used in the pro-ecological dry cutting processes without using cutting fluids. However, application of this coating to cover sialon ceramics demands still both elaborating and improvement adhesion to substrates in order to introduce these to industrial applications. Originality/value: The paper presents some researches of gradient Ti(B,N) nanocrystaline coatings deposited by CAE-PVD method on sintered carbides and sialon tool ceramics.

16

Methodology of high-speed steels design using the artificial intelligence tools

Sitek W.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 39, nr 2

115-160

EN

Purpose: The main goal of the research carried out was developing the design methodology for the new high-speed steels with the required properties, including hardness and fracture toughness, as the main properties guaranteeing the high durability and quality of tools made from them. It was decided that hardness and fracture toughness KIc are the criteria used during the high-speed steels design. Design/methodology/approach: In case of hardness, the statistical and neural network models were developed making computation possible of the high-speed steel hardness based solely on the steel chemical composition and its heat treatment parameters, i.e., austenitizing- and tempering temperatures. In this case results of own work on the effect of alloy elements on the secondary hardness effect were used, as well as data contained in catalogues and pertinent standards regarding the high-speed steels. In the second case - high-speed steels fracture toughness, the neural network model was developed, making it possible to compute the KIc factor based on the steel chemical composition and its heat treatment parameters. The developed material models were used for designing the chemical compositions if the new high-speed steel, demonstrating the desired properties, i.e., hardness and fracture toughness. Methodology was developed to this end, employing the evolutionary algorithms, multicriteria optimisation of the high-speed steels chemical composition. Findings: Results of the research carried out confirmed the assumption that using the data from catalogues and from standards is possible, which - would supplement the set of data indispensable to develop the assumed model - improving in this way its adequacy and versatility. Practical implications: Solutions presented in the work, based on using the adequate material models may feature an interesting alternative in designing of the new materials with the required properties. The practical aspect has to be noted, resulting form the developed models, which may successfully replace the above mentioned technological investigations, consisting in one time selection of the chemical composition and heat treatment parameters and experimental verification of the newly developed materials to check of its properties meet the requirements. Originality/value: The presented approach to new materials design, being the new materials design philosophy, assumes the maximum possible limitation of carrying out the indispensable experiments, to take advantage of the existing experimental knowledge resources in the form of databases and most effective computer science tools, including neural networks and evolutionary algorithms. It should be indicated that the materials science knowledge, pertaining oftentimes to the multi-aspect classic problems and described, or - rather - saved in the existing, broadly speaking, databases, features the invaluable source of information which may be used for discovery of the unknown so far relationships describing the material structure - properties relations.

17

Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on substructure of HS6-5-2 high speed steel

Jeleńkowski J., Ciski A., Babul T.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 43, nr 1

80-87

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this study was using of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in order to reveal the changes in substructure of speed steel made with deep cryogenic treatment (DCT), in comparison with substructure formed by conventional heat treatment for secondary hardness. Design/methodology/approach: The HS6-5-2 high speed steel was heat treated in a conventional mode for secondary hardness or was processed in a mode with use of DCT, with and without next tempering. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy observations were carried out. Studies of thermal stability in range of temperatures from -196 °C to 400 °C were performed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Findings: Observations made with aid of SEM-TEM microscope revealed the presence of high density of globular clusters situated at dislocations, and precipitations of the fine carbide plates, located in twinned crystals of martensite. Thermal analysis (DSC) showed an occurrence of higher exothermic effects in specimens treated with use of DCT, than in specimens heat treated conventionally. In steel samples after quenching and DCT the additional exothermic effect was observed. Electron diffraction in TEM studies of these specimens allowed to observe reflections of which indexing exhibited that the precipitated carbide phase has crystallographic structure of B1 type. Research limitations/implications: Extremely high dispersion of carbide phases and a high state of stress that accompanies the stage of precipitation, make difficult the identification of the lattice structure of precipitations, its crystallographic relationships and the degree of coherence with the matrix. Identification of the type of carbides (ĺ, ç, B1, and others) and their coherence with matrix become time-consuming. This important issue requires detailed studies using high-resolution microscopes. Conditions of the early stage of the precipitation process affect the stability of induced strengthening and service-life of tools. Practical implications: Research of HS6-5-2 high speed steel allowed concluding that DCT, besides refinement of martensite grain size, causes an increase of quantity of sites for nucleation of clusters, in which during tempering the B1 carbides are formed. These fine, coherent with matrix and stable carbides are found to be responsible for enhancement of toughness and wear resistance of HSS tools. Originality/value: The issue of DCT is a niche topic in Poland, there are no detailed studies on the changes taking place during this process.

18

Carbide alloyed composite manufactured with the Powder Injection Moulding method and sinterhardened

Matula G.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2010

|

Vol. 42, nr 1-2

164-171

EN

Purpose: Development of a new generation tool materials on the basis of M2 high speed-steel reinforced with the mixture of carbides and with their structure and mechanical properties, fill the gap in tool materials between the high-speed steels and cemented carbides. Design/methodology/approach: Powder metallurgy, powder injection moulding, sintering, sinter hardening, heat treatment, microstructure and porosity examination, X-ray analysis, TEM, bending test, hardness test. Findings: Powder injection moulding processes were used to fabricate the proposed carbide alloyed composite materials. The addition of hard particles increase hardness after heat treatment and slightly reduces the ductility of these materials. Compared with M2 high-speed steel the bending strength of carbide alloyed composite decrease. The main advantage of the presented experimental tool materials is application of powder injection moulding to produce tool materials in a mass scale with relative low cost of production. Moreover the cost of production reduce application of sinterhardening. Practical implications: Application of heat treatment and especially sinterhardening to improve the mechanical properties of presented experimental tool materials gives the possibility to obtain tool materials with the relative high ductility and high hardness typical for cemented carbides. Originality/value: The essential advantage of the investigated injection moulded material and sintered is the broad range of the optimum sintering temperatures and the relatively small effect of the sintering temperature growth on the carbides growth makes using the industrial heating equipment possible.

19

New tool materials based on Ni alloys strengthened by inter-metallic compounds

Bała P.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2010

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Vol. 31, nr 3

633-636

EN

The concept of new tool materials, based on Ni alloys strengthened by intermetallic compounds, intended for operations in high temperatures is presented in the hereby paper. The proposed chemical composition and the results of microstructure investigations as well as hardness testing in as-cast condition - are given. The chemical composition of this new material was designed in such a way as to obtain the matrix strengthening by means of the precipitation of intermetallic compounds rich in Ni and to have the carbide fraction of 8÷12%. Carbides should remain stable in the microstructure - regardless of the heat treatment - since they favourably influence an abrasion resistance. The type of phases appearing in the microstructure was determined and their morphology described.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono koncepcję nowych materiałów narzędziowych na osnowie niklu, umacnianych związkami faz międzymetalicznych, przewidywanych do pracy w wysokiej temperaturze. Zamieszczono projekt ich składu chemicznego i wyniki badań mikrostruktury oraz twardości w stanie lanym. Skład chemiczny nowego materiału zaprojektowano tak, aby umocnienie osnowy uzyskać w wyniku wydzielania związków metalicznych bogatych w Ni, a udział węglików wynosił 8÷12%. Węgliki powinny pozostać stabilne w mikrostrukturze niezależnie od obróbki cieplnej, wpływając korzystnie na odporność na ścieranie. Określono rodzaj faz występujących w mikrostrukturze oraz opisano ich morfologię.

20

Tribological properties of CrNx coatings

Warcholinski B., Gilewicz A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 37, nr 2

498-504

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this work is the characterization of the tribological properties thin Cr-N coatings, both monolayer Cr2N, CrN coatings and multilayer Cr/CrN, Cr2N/CrN coatings, deposited by cathodic arc physical vapour deposition (CAPVD). Design/methodology/approach: The deposition parameters of Cr2N and CrN were determined. Structure of the coatings were investigated using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD examination was carried out to specify the phase structure, EDS to define the chemical composition of the coatings. The investigation includes also microhardness, roughness tests, adhesion, friction coefficient and wear rate. Findings: Basing on the scratch test it was shown that the influence of the architecture on the coating’ adhesion is dominant. It was found that the all tested coatings show high critical load Lc2 >70 N. The multilayer coatings show higher critical load when compared to monolayer coatings. Research limitations/implications: The main limitation of this work is linked to the deposition technique itself.It is difficult to avoid surface defects and pinholes that strongly influence the tribological results. Practical implications: Chromium based coatings present good mechanical properties which allow them to be used in several applications; from decorative to protective coatings. Originality/value: The comparison of adhesion and wear resistance of mono- and multilayer coatings based on chromium. The deposition technology enable to obtain the coatings with high adhesion to the substrate. This may be important to advanced coatings industry.