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Hard coal modified with silanes as polyamide filler

Rojek M., Stabik J., Suchoń Ł.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 39, nr 1

43-51

EN

Purpose: This paper shows the influence of coupling agents, especially silanes, on mechanical properties of polyamide 6 filled with hard coal dust. Design/methodology/approach: Before preparing compositions, pulverised filler surface was modified with coupling agents. Then, it was compounded using a twin-screw extruder composite consisting of modified hard coal and polyamide 6. A blend was granulated later and test samples were subjected to injection moulding. Afterwards, mechanical properties were evaluated. These properties have essential meaning for applications of new composites as structural materials. Findings: Tests demonstrated that modification of powdered hard coal surface with coupling agents had not significant effect on mechanical properties of polyamide/hard coal composites. Research limitations/implications: Applied compounding procedure did not allow to achieve good compositions homogenisation. A new method to be applied is planned in future research. Simultaneously, it is necessary to investigate composites with other coupling agents which will improve filler’s adhesion to a polymer. Long-term test are also planned. Practical implications: Hard coal, cheap and widely available filler, used to modify thermoplastic polymers, enable to obtain new materials with attractive properties and many applications. Originality/value: Paper represents innovative polymer filler and methods to modify it.

2

Morphological aspect of multilaminar PP composite

Bilewicz M., Dobrzański L. A., Viana J. C.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 37, nr 2

598-606

EN

Purpose: Analyzing and observing the obtained multi-laminar structure of polymer nanocomposites performed by non-conventional technique of injection moulding. Design/methodology/approach: Basing on DOE conventional technique was evolved and fitted out with additional mould externally operated by computer and pressure machine (generating 150 bar hydraulic pressure). Findings: Chosen method brings advantage of final highly developed and reinforced structure during manufacturing. Research limitations/implications: Polymer-layered silicate and silica nanocomposites are nowadays very important engineering materials showing their noticeable impact among composites. Practical implications: Nanocomposites with created layered structure on nano and micro level are undoubtedly high performance engineering materials with promising growth and with continuous interests and developing branch in science and industry. Originality/value: Non-conventional technique allows for the manipulation through reversing of the melted polymer and polymer blends while the cooling phase starts, creating self-reinforced polymer composite.

3

Investigation of processing properties of polyamide filled with hard coal

Stabik J., Suchoń Ł., Rojek M., Szczepanik M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 33, nr 2

142-149

EN

Purpose: The aim of this article is to present the influence of contents and kind of hard coal used as powder filler on rheological properties (viscosity) of polyamide 6. Design/methodology/approach: Preparation of composite of polyamide 6 with hard coal was carried out on laboratory twin screw extruder. Extruded composite was granulated and in this form was used for MFR analysis. Taking into account MFR results viscosity was calculated. The influence of filler content on viscosity was next searched. Findings: Results of research showed that addition of powdered hard coal to polyamide 6 matrix cause pronounced decrease of MFR index. In this way significant increase of viscous flow was observed. It is often observed phenomenon for polymer composite filled with powder materials. Research limitations/implications: It is necessary to carry out the research with surface modified hard coal with coupling agents which provide better adhesion of polymer matrix to filler. Practical implications: Hard coal used as a filler in composites makes it possible to gain new and cheaper polymeric materials with many possible applications. Originality/value: Investigation described in article shows possibility of hard coal application as innovatory filler of polymers. The influence of this filler on rheological properties indicate that processing of these new materials may be accompanied with some problems.