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  1. 12 Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
  2. 2 Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
  3. 2 Journal of Technical Physics
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  1. 9 Nowosielski R.
  2. 6 Babilas R.
  3. 4 Griner S.
  4. 2 Nabiałek M.
  5. 2 Raszka T.
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1
Elementy indukcyjne i transformatory chłodzone wodą
Łukiewski Mirosław, Łukiewska Agnieszka
Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne
|
2022
|
R. 90, nr 3
20--23
PL
W artykule omówiono wybrane zagadnienia konstrukcyjne i technologiczne stosowane w produkcji elementów indukcyjnych i transformatorów z chłodzeniem wodnym. Przedstawiono wyniki symulacji wpływu rodzaju materiału magnetycznego rdzenia na wymiary dławika filtru sinusoidalnego typu SinECOTM, pracującego przy częstotliwości sieciowej oraz dla transformatora mocy typu 1TTFW, pracującego przy częstotliwości 10 kHz. Przedstawiono również konstrukcję dławika z odczepami typu 1RTFW przeznaczonego do pracy z częstotliwością 25 kHz. Parametry obliczeniowe wyznaczono, wykorzystując oprogramowanie projektowe firmy RALE Engineering GmbH.
EN
In this article selected issues related to the construction and technology of the water cooling transformers and induction elements were discussed. The impact of the magnetic core material type on the size of the SinECOTM type choke working with 50Hz frequency and 1TTFW type power transformer working with 10kHz frequency was simulated. Moreover, the construction of the 1RTFW type choke working with 25 kHz frequency was introduced. The parameters were simulated using design software by RALE Engineering GmbH.
2
Content available Influence of glass components on the properties and structure of sand-lime materials
Kwiatkowska Milena, Stepien Anna
Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym
|
2022
|
Vol. 11
129--136
EN
The use of recycled glass sand in building materials requires the assessment of its strength and thermodynamic properties. The paper presents the results of research on the influence of glass sand on the structure and properties of silicate brick and the composition of the material modified by introducing a glass composite. The structure of the sand-lime material was assessed on the basis of scanning electron microscopy analyzes using the SEM QUANTA FEG 250 microscope. From the obtained results, it was found that glass sand had a positive effect on the compressive strength, keeping the material at a level not exceeding 20 MPa. Research based on SEM shows that the modification with glass sand leads to the crystallization of the C-S-H phase towards gyrolite and natrolite in the modified brick and tobermorite in the reference brick. Silicates, as natural materials, fit into the criteria of ecological construction and due to this fact, the work has relevance on the subject of sustainable construction.
3
Content available Electric aircraft - present and future
Nagy Andras
Production Engineering Archives
|
2019
|
Vol. 23
36--40
EN
In this paper, an outlook about the present of electrical aviation is given. The relatively small energy density of current battery technologies is adequate to build usable electric car, but not suitable for electric aircraft. Because of the very limited amount of energy available on-board, a couple of percent in efficiency can give significant increase in range and flight time, hence the development of more efficient propulsion system and E-motor is as important as the development of battery technologies. Current research results at the University of Dunaujvaros show, that building E-motors from amorphous materials is possible, and can easily increase the efficiency of high speed E-motors.
4
Content available remote Koncepcja rozwojowa przekładników prądowych do elektronicznych liczników energii elektrycznej
Kozłowski A.
Przegląd Elektrotechniczny
|
2015
|
R. 91, nr 11
254-261
PL
W pracy przedstawiono rozwój konstrukcji przekładników prądowych stosowanych do pomiaru prądu elektrycznego w elektronicznych licznikach energii elektrycznej. Ze względu na zastosowanie nowoczesnych materiałów na rdzenie magnetyczne przekładników, oprócz poruszanych zagadnień z dziedziny elektrotechniki i miernictwa, artykuł nawiązuje także do zagadnień z dziedziny inżynierii materiałowej. Przedstawiono wyniki badań własnych obróbki termomagnetycznej oraz opisano propozycję wdrożenia przemysłowego modułów przekładnikowych.
EN
The paper describes design development of current transformers used for measurement of electrical current in electronic watt-hour meters. Because of modern magnetic materials used in magnetic cores of current transformers, besides description of issues from the scope of electrotechnics and measurements, article describes also materials science issues. Results of own research of thermo-magnetic treatment is presented and proposal of current transformers modules industrial implementation is described.
5
Content available Wpływ wielkości frakcji proszku amorficznego Fe60Co10Y8W1B20 na właściwości magnetyczne i mechaniczne kompozytu w osnowie polimerowej
Pietrusiewicz P., Nabiałek M., Dośpiał M., Bukowska A.
Przetwórstwo Tworzyw
|
2014
|
[R.] 20, nr 1 (157)
76--81
PL
W pracy badano wpływ wielkości frakcji amorficznego proszku wiązanego polimerem na właściwości magnetycznie miękkie i mechaniczne. Proszek został otrzymany poprzez niskoenergetyczne mielenie amorficznej płytki wytworzonej metodą wtłaczania ciekłego stopu do miedzianej formy. Na podstawie badań dyfrakcji promieni rentgenowskich stwierdzono, że kompozyty miały strukturę amorficzną. Wykorzystując magnetometr wibracyjny zmierzono statyczne pętle histerezy magnetycznej, na podstawie których wyznaczono parametry takie jak: magnetyzacja nasycenia (μoMs.) oraz pole koercji (Hc). Zmierzono mikrotwardość wykorzystując metodę Vickersa. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że wielkość amorficznych cząstek istotnie wpływa na zmianę parametrów magnetycznych jak i mechanicznych badanych kompozytów. Dodatkowo stwierdzono, że osnowa polimerowa izolująca amorficzne cząstki wpłynęła na pogorszenie parametrów magnetycznie miękkich w porównaniu do masywnych płytek.
EN
In the paper investigates the effect of the volume fraction of amorphous powders on the soft magnetic and mechanical properties. The powder was obtained by low-energy milling of amorphous plates produced by the injection of a liquid alloy into a copper mold. On the basis of X-ray diffraction, it was found that the composites had an amorphous structure. Using the vibrating sample magnetometer, the static hysteresis loops were measured, on which basis the basic magnetic parameters such as saturation magnetization (μoMs) and the coercive field (Hc) were determined. Microhardness was measured using the Vickers method. From the examinations, it was found that the size of the amorphous particles significantly influences the change of magnetic and mechanical parameters of the studied composites. Additionally it was found that the polymeric matrix insulating the amorphous particles affected the deterioration of soft magnetic parameters in comparison to the massive plates.
6
Content available Właściwości magnetyczne i mikrostruktura kompozytów wytworzonych na bazie amorficznego stopu Fe60Co10Y8Zr1B20 spajanego żywicą epoksydową
Nabiałek M.
Przetwórstwo Tworzyw
|
2014
|
[R.] 20, nr 1 (157)
56--61
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań kompozytów wykonanych na bazie stopu amorficznego o składzie chemicznym Fe60Co10Y8Zr1B20 i żywicy epoksydowej. Badane próbki miały kształt walców o takich samych wymiarach i takiej samej zawartości Epidianu 100. Amorficzny stop objętościowy został niskoenergetycznie rozkruszony i rozdzielony na trzy frakcje: 20 - 50 μm, 50 - 100 μm i 100 - 200 μm a następnie zespolony przy użyciu Epidianu 100. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań mikrostruktury stwierdzono, że kompozyt na bazie metalicznego stopu jest amorficzny. Stwierdzono również, że rozwinięcie powierzchni dla kompozytu złożonego z metalicznych drobin o frakcji 20 - 50 μm było najmniejsze. Mikrotwardość badanych próbek, niezależnie od wielkości metalicznych drobin była porównywalna. Na podstawie analizy badań magnetyzacji w funkcji natężenia pola magnetycznego wykazano, że wartość pola koercji dla badanych kompozytów rośnie wraz z rozkładem wielkości cząstek metalicznych. Pokazano również, że wielkość frakcji ma znikomy wpływ na wartość magnetyzacji nasycenia.
EN
The paper presents the studies of composites, made from amorphous alloy particles with the chemical composition of Fe60Co10Y8Zr1B20 and epoxy resin. The investigated samples had cylindrical shapes of the same size and contained the same weight content of Epidian 100. The volumetric amorphous alloy was low energy-grinded and separated into three fractions: 20 - 50 μm, 50 - 100 μm and 100 - 200 μm. According to the microstructure studies, it was found that the metal-based alloy is amorphous. It was also found, that the development of the surface of the composite, made up of particles of metallic fraction of 20 - 50 microns, was the lowest. The microhardness of the studied samples, regardless of the size of the metallic particles, was comparable. Based on the analysis of the studies of magnetization as a function of magnetic field strength it was shown that the coercivity field value for the analyzed composites increases with increasing fractions of the metal particles. It was also shown that the fraction size has little effect on the value of the saturation magnetization.
7
Content available remote The study of structure and glass forming ability of Zr-based amorphous alloy
Pilarczyk W.
Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
|
2013
|
Vol. 63, nr 1
19--25
EN
Purpose: This paper tends to present the structure and thermal analysis of selected Zr-based amorphous alloy for welding processes. Design/methodology/approach: The studies were performed on Zr-Cu-Ni-Al system alloy in form of plate. The structure analysis of the studied materials in as-cast state was carried out using XRD method. The thermal properties of the as-cast alloy were examined by DSC and DTA methods. The parameters of GFA included Trg, ΔTx, α, β, γ, δ and S were calculated. Findings: The Zr-based amorphous alloy in form of plate with good GFA was produced by die pressure casting method. The investigation methods revealed that the studied as-cast alloy was amorphous. Although, there is probability of crystallites existence which could not be detected by XRD method. The literature study and calculated GFA parameters indicated that the Zr55Cu30Ni5Al10 alloy exhibits good GFA and thermal stability. It is confirmed that these parameters could be used to determine GFA of tested amorphous alloy for welding processes. This Zr-based BMG could be used as tested material for laser welding process. Research limitations/implications: It is very difficult to obtain a Zr-based BMG with large sizes. Usually, the difficulties of the production of zirconium amorphous alloy are connected with the fact that the constituent elements of the analyzed materials have a high chemical affinity for oxygen, and have different melting points. For this reason, the process of producing BMG in zirconium matrix require the using of additional technology to provide specific conditions for the melting and casting. Practical implications: These obtained values of GFA parameters can suggest that studied alloys are suitable materials for further practical application at welding process. Originality/value: The success formation and investigation of the casted Zr-based BMG. The chemical composition of Zr55Cu30Ni5Al10 alloy was tested first time in our laboratory.
8
Content available remote Preparation and glass-forming ability of Mg-based bulk amorphous alloys
Babilas R., Zajączkowski A., Głuchowski W., Nowosielski R.
Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
|
2013
|
Vol. 62, nr 2
78--86
EN
Purpose: The work presents preparation methods, structure characterization and glass-forming analysis of Mg-based bulk metallic glasses in as-cast state. Design/methodology/approach: The studies were performed on Mg60Cu30Y10 and Mg60Cu29Y10Si1 glassy alloys in the form of plates and rods. The amorphous structure of tested samples was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thermal properties associated with solidus and liquidus temperature of master alloys were measured using the differential thermal analysis (DTA). The crystallization behavior of the studied plates and rods was also examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The fracture morphology of the rods in as-cast state was analyzed using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Findings: The X-ray diffraction investigations revealed that the tested samples with different thickness and shape were amorphous. The single exothermic peaks describing crystallization process of studied alloys were observed for all examined samples with different thickness. The endothermic and exothermic peaks observed on DTA curves of master alloys allowed to determine the solidus and liquidus temperatures. The characteristics of the fractured surfaces showed different zones, which might correspond with different amorphous structures. The changes of glass transition and crystallization temperatures as a function of sample thickness were stated. Practical implications: The pressure die casting method are useful technique to fabricate bulk amorphous materials in the form of plates and rods. Proposed casting technology could open new possibilities to easier preparation of Mg-based nanostructured materials and forming their properties that is essential for further applications. Originality/value: The Mg-based bulk amorphous alloys are regarded as promising engineering materials with high strength, low density and good corrosion resistance in contrast to the crystalline alloys, due to their different atomic configurations
9
Content available remote Structure, thermal and magnetic properties of Fe43Co14Ni14B20Si5Nb4 bulk metallic glass
Nowosielski R., Babilas R., Griner S., Czeppe T.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
|
2010
|
Vol. 38, nr 2
123-130
EN
Purpose: The paper presents structure characteristics, thermal stability and soft magnetic properties analysis of Fe-based bulk metallic glass in as-cast state and after crystallization process. Design/methodology/approach: The studies were performed on Fe43Co14Ni14B20Si5Nb4 metallic glass in a form of plates and rods. The amorphous structure of tested samples was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. The thermal stability of the glassy samples was measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The soft magnetic properties examination of tested material contained initial magnetic permeability and magnetic permeability relaxation measurements. Findings: The XRD and TEM investigations revealed that the studied as-cast plates and rods were amorphous. Broad diffraction halo could be observed for all tested samples, indicating the formation of a glassy phase with the diameters up to 3 mm for rods. The fracture surface of rod samples appears to consist of two different zones which might correspond with different amorphous structures of studied materials. The thermal stability parameters of rod with diameter of 3 mm, such as glass transition temperature, onset crystallization temperature and supercooled liquid area were measured by DSC to be 797 K, 854 K, 57 K, respectively. The heat treatment process of rod samples involved in crystallization of á-Fe phase and formation of iron borides at temperature above 873 K. Practical implications: The appropriate increase of annealing temperature significantly improved soft magnetic properties of examined alloy by increasing the initial magnetic permeability and decreasing the magnetic permeability relaxation. Originality/value: The success of fabrication of studied Fe-based bulk metallic glass in a form of plates and rods is important for the future progress in research and practical application of those glassy materials.
10
Content available remote Preparation, structure and properties of Fe-based bulk metallic glasses
Nowosielski R., Babilas R.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
|
2010
|
Vol. 40, nr 2
123-130
EN
Purpose: The work presents preparation methods, structure characterization and chosen properties analysis of Fe-based bulk metallic glasses in as-cast state. Design/methodology/approach: The studies were performed on Fe43Co14Ni14B20Si5Nb4 metallic glass in form of rings, plates and rods. The amorphous structure of tested samples was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. The thermal properties of the glassy samples was measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The soft magnetic properties examination of tested material contained coercive force, initial magnetic permeability and magnetic permeability relaxation measurements. Findings: The XRD and TEM investigations revealed that the studied as-cast samples were amorphous. Broad diffraction halo is typical for metallic amorphous structures that have a large degree of short-range order. The characteristics of the fractured surfaces showed different zones, which might correspond with different amorphous structures of studied materials. The temperature interval of the supercooled liquid region (ÄTx) defined by the difference between Tg and Tx, is as large as 56 K for the rod with diameter of 3 mm. Differences in coercivity and magnetic permeability between samples with different thickness might be resulted by some difference of amorphous structure. Practical implications: The centrifugal casting method and the pressure die casting method are useful to produce bulk amorphous materials in form of rings, plats and rods. Originality/value: The preparation of studied Fe-based bulk metallic glass in form of rings, plates and rods is important for the future progress in research and practical application of that glassy materials.
11
Content available remote Magnetic properties of Co-based amorphous ribbon under cyclic heating and cooling
Konieczny J., Borisjuk A., Pashechko M., Dobrzański L. A.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
|
2010
|
Vol. 42, nr 1-2
42-49
EN
Purpose: The aim of the work is to investigate the changes of magnetic properties of the cobalt based Co68Fe4Mo1Si13.5B13.5 alloy under cycling heating and cooling. Design/methodology/approach: The amorphous metallic ribbons were manufactured by planar-flow-casting method. Investigations of the magnetic properties were observed under permanent heating amorphous and partially crystallized alloy. Observations of the structure were made on the JOEL transmission electron microscope (TEM). Using the HFQS program the distributions of the magnetic hyperfine P(H) fields were determined for spectra smoothed in this way, employing the Hesse-Rübartsch method. Findings: The analysis of the magnetic properties under permanent heating and structure of the Co-based amorphous ribbons obtained in the by planar-flow-casting process proved that the permanent heating caused the crystallization of second magnetic phase after transition near to paramagnetic state. Research limitations/implications: The appropriate cyclic heating and cooling significantly decreasing soft magnetic properties of examined amorphous alloy. The cyclic heating beginning of elementary crystallization processes and the end of crystallization alloy. Practical implications: According to the results presented in the paper the examined Co-based glassy alloys as a soft ferromagnetic material may be utilized in construction of magnetic cores such as choke coils, common mode and noise filter and is of great technological interest. Originality/value: The paper presents influence of permanent heating on structural changes of metallic ribbons. Results and discussion of the influence of permanent heating on magnetic properties of metallic ribbon are presented.
12
Content available remote Influence of nickel on structure and hardness of Fe-Co bulk metallic glasses
Nowosielski R., Januszka A.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
|
2010
|
Vol. 38, nr 1
15-23
EN
Purpose: In the present paper, influence of Ni addition on structure and hardness Fe-based bulk metallic glass were investigated. Design/methodology/approach: The studies were performed on Fe36+xCo36-x-yNiyB19.2Si4.8Nb4 ( x= 0;1, y=0;10;15) glassy alloy in a form of rods with diameter up to 5 mm. The tests, carried out to obtain amorphous metallic glasses, were realized with the use pressure die casting method. The system includes a copper mould, high frequency power supply, quartz nozzle and a source of inert gas as argon. The following experimental techniques were used for the test of structure: X-ray diffraction (XRD) phase analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Microhardness was examined by Vickers diamond testing machine. Findings: The X-ray diffraction revealed that all samples with thickness 2 mm were amorphous. The structural studies revealed that amorphous structure depended on thickness and nickel contents in a preliminary alloy. Research limitations/implications: The relationship between structure and microhardness can be useful for practical application of these alloys. Practical implications: The Fe-based bulk metallic glasses attracted great interest for a variety of application fields, for example structural materials, electric applications, precision machinery materials. These amorphous alloys exhibit high strength, a high elastic strain limit, high fracture toughness, and other useful mechanical properties which are attractive to many engineering applications. Originality/value: The originality of this paper are studies of changes of structure and hardness of Fe36+xCo36-x-yNiyB19.2Si4.8Nb4 ( x= 0;1, y=0;10;15) mainly depending on Ni addition in this alloy.
13
Content available remote Influence of geometry of rapidly solidified rods on properties of Fe-Co-based alloy
Lesz S., Griner S., Nowosielski R.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
|
2010
|
Vol. 41, nr 1-2
16-25
EN
Purpose: The main aim of the paper was investigation of influence of geometry of rapid solidified rods on properties (structure, fracture morphology, microhardness) of Fe36Co36B19Si5Nb4 alloy. Design/methodology/approach: The following experimental techniques were used: differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy (LM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) method, Vickers microhardness. Findings: Changes of mechanical properties (microhardness) and different fracture morphology of rapidly solidified rods were presented. Research limitations/implications: Obtained structures are depended on cooling rate and glass forming ability of the alloy. Practical implications: The rapidly solidified bulk alloys have been commercialized in magnetic application and high strength materials. Originality/value: Diverse fracture morphology as well as changes of microhardness in amorphous regions of differently relaxated rate are observed.
14
Content available remote Glass-forming ability analysis of selected Fe-based bulk amorphous alloys
Nowosielski R., Babilas R.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
|
2010
|
Vol. 42, nr 1-2
66-72
EN
Purpose: The paper mainly aims to present the structure and thermal stability of selected Fe-based bulk metallic glasses: Fe72B20Si4Nb4 and Fe43Co14Ni14B20Si5Nb4. Design/methodology/approach: The investigated samples were cast in form of the rods by the pressure die casting method. The structure analysis of the studied materials in as-cast state was carried out using XRD and TEM methods. The thermal stability associated with glass transition temperature (Tg), onset (Tx) and peak (Tp) crystallization temperature was examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Several parameters have been used to determine the glass-forming ability of studied alloys. The parameters of GFA included reduced glass transition temperature (Trg), supercooled liquid region (deltaTx), the stability (S) and (Kgl) parameter. Findings: The XRD and TEM investigations revealed that the studied as-cast metallic glasses were fully amorphous. Changes of the onset and peak crystallization temperature and the glass transition temperature as a function of glassy samples thickness were stated. The good glass-forming ability (GFA) enabled casting of the Fe72B20Si4Nb4 and Fe43Co14Ni14B20Si5Nb4 glassy rods. Practical implications: The obtained examination results confirm the utility of applied investigation methods in the thermal stability analysis of examined bulk amorphous alloys. It is evident that parameters Trg, deltaTx, Kgl, S could be used to determine glass-forming ability of studied bulk metallic glasses. Originality/value: The success of fabrication of studied Fe-based bulk metallic glasses in form of rods with diameter up to 3 mm is important for the future progress in research of this group of materials.
15
Content available remote Structure and properties of selected Fe-based metallic glasses
Nowosielski R., Babilas R.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
|
2009
|
Vol. 37, nr 2
332-339
EN
Purpose: The paper presents a structure characterization, thermal and soft magnetic properties of Fe-based bulk amorphous materials in as-cast state and after crystallization process. Design/methodology/approach: The studies were performed on Fe72B20Si4Nb4 metallic glass in form of ribbons and rods. The amorphous structure of tested samples was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. The thermal properties of the glassy samples were measured using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The soft magnetic properties examination of tested material contained magnetic permeability and magnetic after-effects measurements. Findings: The X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy investigations revealed that the studied as-cast materials were amorphous. Broad diffraction halo could be seen for all tested samples, indicating the formation of a glassy phase with the diameters up to 2 mm. The fracture surface of rod samples appears to consist of two different zones, which probably inform about different amorphous structures of studied glassy materials. A two stage crystallization process was observed for studied alloy. The first stage of crystallization corresponding to the partial crystallization of á-Fe phase was followed by the formation of iron borides. It has shown that appropriate increasing of annealing temperature, significantly improved soft magnetic properties of examined alloy. Practical implications: The studied Fe-based metallic glass has good glass-forming ability and thermal stability for casting in form of ribbons and rods. The soft magnetic properties of studied alloy could be improved by applying the appropriate conditions of heat treatment (crystallization process). Originality/value: The applied investigation methods are suitable to determine the changes of structure in function of sample thickness and the improvement of its magnetic properties after crystallization in comparison with as-cast state.
16
Content available remote Optical properties and morphology of PECVD deposited titanium dioxide films
Kowalski J., Sobczyk-Guzenda A., Szymanowski H., Gazicki-Lipman M.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
|
2009
|
Vol. 37, nr 2
298-303
EN
Purpose: The purpose of the present work is to compare the structure and optical properties, with respect to their potential optical applications, of titanium dioxide films synthesized with the PECVD method from two different precursor materials, namely titanium tetrachloride and titanium tetraethoxide (TEOT). Design/methodology/approach: Optical properties as well as thickness of the films were analyzed by means of Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (VASE). Morphology studies were carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and chemical composition characterisation was performed with the help of Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) unit coupled with the electron microscope. Findings: Optical parameters approaching those of titanium dioxide were achieved for both precursors. Studies of morphology show that the films produced from TEOT have favourable, smooth surface in contradiction to broccoli-like structure obtained for the chloride precursor. The type of substance used for titanium oxides synthesis determined chemical composition of the films resulting in their enrichment with either chlorine or carbon, depending on the precursor composition. Practical implications: The optical quality of the films is good enough to suggest their applications in stack multilayer interference filters. The refractive index values of these films advocate their use as high refractive index materials while their low extinction coefficients assure the devices transparency. Originality/value: The work presents deposition rates as well as the films optical properties, chemical composition and morphology in relation to operational parameters of their synthesis. It also provides a comparison of these characteristics for two competitive precursor compounds. Finally, it presents the capability of PECVD method for the deposition of optical coatings onto polymer substrates.
17
Content available remote Crystallization of Fe72B20Si4Nb4 metallic glasses ribbons
Nowosielski R., Babilas R., Griner S., Dercz G., Hanc A.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
|
2009
|
Vol. 34, nr 1
15-22
EN
Purpose: The paper presents a crystallization process of Fe-based amorphous materials. The aim of work is presentation of the influence of annealing temperature on structural changes and magnetic properties of Fe72B20Si4Nb4 metallic glasses. Design/methodology/approach: The studies were performed on metallic glasses as ribbons. Crystallization behaviour of the studied alloy was examined by differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Mössbauer spectroscopy methods. The soft magnetic properties examination of tested material contained magnetic permeability, coercive field, saturation induction and magnetic after-effects measurements. Findings: The XRD, TEM and Mössbauer spectroscopy investigations revealed that the studied alloy in as-cast state was amorphous. A two stage crystallization process was observed for studied material. The first stage of crystallization corresponding to the partial crystallization of .-Fe phase was followed by the formation of iron borides. It has shown that appropriate increasing of annealing temperature, significantly improved soft magnetic properties of examined alloy. The maximum of initial magnetic permeability is correlated with a minimum of coercive field. Practical implications: The soft magnetic properties of metallic glasses can be optimized by applying the appropriate conditions of heat treatment. Originality/value: The applied investigation methods are suitable to determine the changes of structure and the improvement of soft magnetic properties of examined Fe-based alloy in comparison with as-cast state.
18
Content available remote Przenikalność magnetyczna zespolona taśm anizotropowych
Roman A., Gil A.
Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Edukacja Techniczna i Informatyczna
|
2008
|
T. 3
49-57
EN
In the paper the frequency characteristics of complex permeability of amorphous material have been defined. The achieve this Polivanovs model has been used. Polivanov determined complex permeability by solving Laplace'a equation. Such a solution does not take into consideration skin effect. Therefore in the paper Helmholtz equation has been solved. Obtained results have been compared with Polivanovs ones.
19
Zastosowanie energetycznego kryterium Rychlewskiego do oceny wytężenia anizotropowych cienkich warstw wykazujących efekt różnicy wytrzymałości
Kordzikowski P.
Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne
|
2007
|
R. 52, nr 11
689-695
PL
Celem artykułu jest zastosowanie energetycznego kryterium J. Rychlewskiego [1, 2], służącego do określenia sprężystych stanów granicznych, do oceny wytężenia w anizotropowych cienkich warstwach. Wykorzystano wyniki badań doświadczalnych dla kartonu [3, 4, 5] oraz rezultaty atomowych obliczeń numerycznych symulujących deformację materiałów amorficznych [6, 7]. Wspólną cechą wymienionych materiałów są różne własności wytrzymałościowe, tzw. efekt różnicy wytrzymałości — ang. Strength Differential Effect, a w konsekwencji asymetria zakresu sprężystego, w zależności od sposobu obciążenia wywołującego dany stan naprężenia w ciele. W pracy sformułowano zatem energetyczne kryterium wytężenia dla anizotropowych cienkich warstw wykazujących SDE, czyli z asymetrią zakresu sprężystego. Specyfikację takiego warunku energetycznego przeprowadzono na podstawie analizy warunków wytężenia dla cienkich warstw [8] w połączeniu ze zmierzonymi charakterystykami sprężystymi i wytrzymałościowymi dla kartonu [3, 4, 5] oraz dla metalu amorficznego [6, 7]. Przedstawiono również graficzną interpretację asymetrycznego warunku energetycznego w układzie osi własnych (w przestrzeni stanów własnych). Wykazano, że w każdej ćwiartce tego układu może być inna krzywa graniczna, odpowiadająca wytrzymałościowym własnościom materiału określonym na drodze doświadczenia w układzie osi głównych (w przestrzeni naprężeń głównych). Przeprowadzona analiza daje podstawę do wyznaczenia tensora stanu granicznego dla anizotropowych cienkich warstw.
EN
The aim of the paper is application of Rychlewski energy-based criterion of limit elastic states [1, 2] for the assessment of material effort in anisotropic thin layers. The available experimental data for paperboard [3, 4, 5], as well as, the results of atomic numerical calculations simulating deformation of amorphous metals [6, 7] were used by that. The common feature of the mentioned above materials are differential strength properties, so called SDE (strength differential effect), and asymmetry of the resulting elastic range depending on the loading mode and the corresponding state of stress in the body. The energy-based criterion of elastic limit states in thin anisotropic layers revealing the SDE, which means with asymmetry of the elastic range was formulated. The specification of such a criterion was based on the analysis of material effort conditions for thin layers [8] in relation with measured experimentally elastic and strength characteristics for paperboard [3, 4, 5] and amorphous metals [6, 7]. The graphical interpretation of the asymmetric energy-based was also displayed in the plane system of eigen-axes (within the space of elastic eigen states). It was shown that in each quarter of the coordinate system it can be different limit curve corresponding to the strength properties, which were determined experimentally in the system of principal axes of stress tensor. The conducted analysis provides the basis for obtaining a limit state tensor for thin anisotropic layers.
20
Content available remote Shielding of electromagnetic fields by mono- and multi-layer fabrics made of metallic glasses with Fe and Co matrix
Nowosielski R., Griner S.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
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2007
|
Vol. 20, nr 1-2
45-54
EN
Purpose: In the work, influence of chemical composition, as well as magnetic and electric properties on ability of metallic glass screens for shielding of not ionizing electromagnetic fields were analyzed. Design/methodology/approach: The groups of amorphous metallic alloys with iron, iron and nickel and cobalt matrix were selected for research. Samples of afore-mentioned metallic glasses were examined from the point of view of structure, magnetic, electric and mechanical properties. Findings: There is possibility of utilization of metallic amorphous materials for screens of not ionizing, electromagnetic fields especially in range of broad-band multi-layers screens with high efficiency of shielding in wide range of frequencies. Research limitations/implications: Very good magnetic properties and parallel low electric conductivity of metallic glasses are not enough for construction of multi-layer broadband screen. Therefore for constructing broadband screen, which would attenuate much better in wider range of frequencies, we should seek solutions in multi layers systems consisting of metallic glass fabrics, layers of large conductivity materials and nonmagnetic isolating layers. Problems of determining the number of layers, individual thickness of layer, materials in relation to optimum costs of multi-layers screen metallic glasses are unsolved. Practical implications: Attenuation of metallic glass screens show very high possiblilities of metallic glasses in solution of problem of shielding electromagnetic fields. Originality/value: There are two general direction of improvement of suppression efficiency of electromagnetic fields screens: research of new constructions of elastic screens, and investigation of new materials for screens join higher magnetic properties at high conductivity. In this second area, any possibilities exist in metallic nanomaterials in form of tapes and nanocomposites consisting magnetic powders with amorphous and nanocrystalline structure.
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