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EN
A new method of commutation diagnosing based on the investigation of processes that appear at the junction between a brush and a commutator, as well as the results of the investigation are presented in the present article. Additional sparking was observed when disordering the commutation poles. Simultaneously, based on the author's original method, real-time research was conducted with the use of a brushes' sparking analyser connected to a computer system. The numeric research results were presented in the form of two cases' characteristics, the former being the case of non-sparking commutation area immaterially exceeded, the latter- of so-called commutation fire on the commutator's circuit formed by the sparks.
EN
The paper presents mathematical apparatus in the form of indicators that makes possible to describe sparking processes forming at the moving contact of brush bridges with commutator bars at the 'oncoming' and 'leaving' sides in direct-current commutating machines. The formulated mathematical dependences make possible to observe and analyze sparking distribution of each single commutator bar in the course of a whole measuring cycle or during an arbitrarily selected revolution or a few successive revolutions of the commutator within the measuring cycle. Boundary values of the proposed sparking indicators have also been given.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono nową metodę oceny komutacji opierającą się nie na doświadczeniu obserwatora a na wskazaniach opracowanego optoelektronicznego analizatora iskrzenia wspomaganego systemem komputerowym. Analizator umożliwia kontrolę identyfikacji poszczególnych działek komutatora, kontrolę obwodu komutatora z punktu widzenia nierówności każdej indywidualnej działki, kontrolę prędkości obrotowej, wybór czasu trwania cyklu pomiarowego, ocenę iskrzenia poszczególnych działek komutatora, kontrolę iskrzenia każdej działki w każdym kolejnym obrocie cyklu pomiarowego.
EN
Computer aided optoelectronic analyzer of sparking is a device to be used for the identification of sparking of individual commutator sections, for the registration of sparking intensity, and for direct processing of the registered signals. The results obtained by means of the analyzer confornted witch numerical calculations of current in commutating coils (detailed parameters of a machine known) confirm good applicability of the analyzer to comparatively "objective" assessement of commutation quality of d.c.machines. Meter circuit of the analyzer that operates contactlees with regard to the tested machine ensures its immunity to parasite interference of electromagnetic character caused by commutation phenomenon. Electronic systems and wide-band amplifiers process the observed spark light spectrum into output electrical signals proportionally to the sparking intensity. The spectrum of the registered light signals well corresponds to the impression of human eyes observing brush sparking that used to be the basis for subjective assesment of communication quality.
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