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Influence of abiotic factors in mass occurrence of Agrotis segetum (Schiff.) and Agrotis exclamations L. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris)

Jakubowska M.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2007

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Vol. 14, nr 8

799-804

EN

The studies on cutworms infesting sugar beet crops were carried out in the years 2003-2005 in three locations: Poznan (Institute of Plant Protection - IOR), Winna Góra (Agricultural Experimental Farm of Institute of Plant Protection - RZD IOR) and Więcławice near Inowrocław (formerly Sugar Beet Breeding Research Station). The observations performed during the moth flights from May to October included two cutwonn species, turnip moth (Agrotis segetum Schiff.) and heart and dart cutworm (A. exclamalonis L.). The dynamic of butterfly flights was recorded in reference to the readings of climatic conditions registered with the field meteorological stations set up near the light traps. Moreover, additional studies were conducted under control conditions in the growth chambers. The following factors regarding biology development of these two species were examined: deposition of eggs, incubation period of eggs and caterpillar development at three programmed temperatures (16 °C, 20 °C, 24 °C) and humidity (40-50, 50-60 and 60-70 %). Based on the data the forecasting of short-term control of cutworms (Noctuinae) could be improved as a result of better understanding of the relationship between meteorological factors and incubation of eggs of turnip moth as well as heart and dart cutworm.

PL

Badania nad rolnicami zasiedlającymi plantacje buraka cukrowego prowadzono w latach 2003-2005 w trzech miejscowościach: Poznań (IOR), Winna Góra (RZD-IOR) i Więcławice koło Inowrocławia (teren byłej Stacji Hodowli Buraka Cukrowego). Obserwacje dotyczyły dwóch gatunków rolnic, rolnicy zbożówki (Agrotis segetum Schiff.) i rolnicy czopówki (A. exclamationis L.) w okresie lotów motyli od maja do października. Dynamikę lotu motyli rejestrowano na tle warunków meteorologicznych, wykorzystując do tego celu polowe stacje meteorologiczne zainstalowane w pobliżu samołówek. Ponadto prowadzono doświadczenia w warunkach kontrolowanych w komorach fitotronowych. Obserwacje dwóch badanych gatunków rolnic, dotyczące składania jaj i okresu inkubacji jaj oraz rozwoju gąsienic, prowadzono w trzech zaprogramowanych temperaturach (16, 20 i 24 °C) i wilgotności (40-50, 50-60 i 60-70 %). W wyniku badań prowadzonych w tym projekcie zostanie udoskonalona metoda prognozowania krótkoterminowego zwalczania rolnic (Noctuinae) poprzez poznanie zależności pomiędzy czynnikami meteorologicznymi a inkubacją jaj rolnicy zbożówki i rolnicy czopówki.

2

The Olcostephanus Level : an Upper Valanginian ammonoid mass-occurrence (Lowel Cretaceous, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria)

Lukeneder A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2004

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Vol. 54, no. 1

23-33

EN

The Early Cretaceous mass-occurrence of Olcostephanus (Olcostephanus) guebhardi morph. querolensis BULOT from the Late Valanginian Saynoceras verrucosum Zone of the KB1-A section, Ternberg Nappe, the Northern Calcareous Alps (Upper Austria) is described. This horizon, spanning an interval of almost 3 metres, is interpreted as a long-term accumulation from the water column combined with temporary redeposition from local submarine highs. The fauna of the Olcostephanus horizon is composed of nine genera and ten species. The Olcostephanus mass-occurrence represents a widespread phenomenon. It appears most commonly at oceanographic elevations where olcostephanid shells accumulated on the sea-floor during see-level highs.

3

Water blooms - what causes them?

Eloranta P.

Oceanological Studies

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1998

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Vol. 27, No. 1

15-19

EN

Water blooms are usually connected with cyanoprokaryote or algal mass occurrence, however, some other phenomena may also cause an intensive water colour in lakes. Common and characteristic water bloom is often brought about by mass oc-currence of tree pollens, abundant occurrence of fungal spores or, at deeper water layers, besides algae also some green or red sulphur bacteria. The most characteristic blooming algae belong to cyanoprokaryotes, but this phenomenon can be also caused by other taxa e.g. green algae, euglenophytes and chloromonads.