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PL
Przedstawiono wyniki obliczeń numerycznych związanych z przepływem gazowej zawiesiny pyłu węglowego przez palnik zasilający wielki piec. Spośród szeregu parametrów, od których przepływ ten jest uzależniony, w prezentowanej pracy uwzględniono jedynie dwa, tj. gęstość zawiesiny i średnicę palnika, określając ich wpływ na współczynnik oporu aerodynamicznego oraz siłę oddziaływania międzyfazowego.
EN
Results of the numerical modelling of the flow of the pulverized coal through the nozzle feeding the blast furnace has been presented in this paper. Influence of the mass concentration of the powder and the nozzle diameter on the drag coefficient and interfacial forces has been determined.
EN
Four seasonal sampling campaigns successively in April, July, September 2008 and February 2009 took place at Świder, a town located to the south-east of Warszawa, Poland. Three particle size fractions of particulate matter were collected by a NILU (The Norwegian Institute for Air Protection, Norway) sampler. The following elements were determined by the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) method: K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br and Pb. The highest mean mass concentrations in fine and medium fractions were observed in April 2008 and February 2009. For a coarse fraction, the highest values of mass concentrations were observed in April and September 2008. Ca, Mn and Fe existed mainly in the coarse fraction. These elements probably came from the southern direction. Zn was divided between three fractions equally. In February 2009 the highest Zn concentrations were observed in the medium fraction. Pb existed mainly in the fine and medium fractions. The highest values of Pb concentrations were observed in February 2009. Bromium existed in the fine fraction. Correlations were observed between Ca, Mn and Fe concentrations. Correlation factors were about 0.8 for the coarse fraction. For other analyzed elements, the correlation coefficients were small. Basing on the backward trajectories and elemental concentrations of particulate matter (PM), it was confirmed that in winter the main influence on air quality is caused by pollution coming from coal combustion in local houses, heat and power plants working in urban areas. In summer the main influence on air quality is caused by pollution from sources in rural cultivable areas. The improvement of air quality is possible by decreasing the emission, using coal with a small level of harmful compounds and whole elimination of plant preventive agents and using fertilizers with a small content of unwanted elements.
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