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PL
Autor artykułu przedstawił skondensowaną historię rozwoju japońskiego lotnictwa bojowego, jak i jego próby zdobycia niezależności. Ponadto artykuł porusza problemy, z jakimi japońskie siły lotnicze borykały się w okresie II wojny światowej oraz konsekwencje wynikające z nierozwiązania tych dylematów.
EN
In his article, the author presents a brief history of the development of Japanese air combat forces as well as their attempts to gain independence. In addition, in the paper there are discussed the problems which Japanese air forces struggled with during World War II and the consequences resulting from the failure to solve these dilemmas.
EN
The demand for petroleum products is increasing day by day, but mentioned products have limited sources and they are hazardous for environment. Therefore international organizations for example: International Maritime Organization, start to make restrictive requirements application petroleum products for safety environmental, what is the main reason of the use of the alternative liquids. One of the most popular environmental friendly, renewable and less toxic oils is vegetable oils. They can used as fuels and lubricants. The vegetable oils are mainly triglycerides, which contain three hydroxyl groups and long chain unsaturated free fatty acids attached at the hydroxyl group by ester linkages. They have good properties of lubricity, viscosity and thermal. In this article focused only on lubricants. Among a wide group of vegetable oils chosen rapeseed oil. Rapeseed is the most important and most efficient oilseed crop in Europe and it is the most common basestocks for vegetablebased lubricants. It conducted research into pure rapeseed oil and its different quantity additives to traditional marine motor oil – Marinol RG 1240. The two basic physic-chemical parameters, they were flash point and dependence of viscosity and temperature, were compare and assess. It has been proven that vegetable oils have a higher ignition temperature than mineral oils and a smaller viscosity change in the range of temperature presented.
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