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1

Study of environmental efficiency of ship operation in terms of freight transportation effectiveness provision

Melnyk O., Onishchenko O., Onyshchenko S., Golikov V., Sapiha V., Shcherbina O., Andrievska V.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2022

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Vol. 16 No. 4

723--729

EN

Development and implementation of various projects focused on improving standards of energy efficiency and rational use of energy carriers is a priority for numerous enterprises and companies. Modern shipping devotes sufficient attention to improving the environmental performance of the fleet. As part of the strategy to improve environmental safety and energy efficiency, as well as to reduce air and marine pollution in industries, including maritime transport and shipping, a set of steps to improve the ship's energy efficiency is being implemented. This process is carried out in various ways, however, at the same time maintaining the economic indicators of fleet operation. Relevant is the research aimed at analyzing the introduction of energy management systems in the maritime transport and summarizing the experience of operating the ships, which allows to identify a number of proposals, the implementation of which allows to maintain the economic efficiency of transportation. The article offers a review of the main energy efficiency tools and ways to ensure the transport efficiency of existing ships without modernization by operating them at reduced speeds and fuel consumption and thereby minimizing carbon emissions, as well as developing a set of measures to improve the environmental efficiency of cargo transportation.

2

Review of ship information security risks and safety of maritime transportation issues

Melnyk O., Onyshchenko S., Onishchenko O., Shumylo O., Voloshyn A., Koskina Y., Volianska Y.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2022

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Vol. 16 No. 4

717--722

EN

In recent years, various types of commerce including transport have suffered significant damage and costs due to cyber-attacks. The geographic scope of freight transportation has no boundaries, attacks can be launched almost anywhere there is an Internet connection. Therefore, there is no immunity from the failure of computer systems and information of delivery processes in the networks of organizations and companies engaged in maritime transportation. In addition, while the consequences of cyber-attacks on major shipping lines and ports, as well as the digital systems of logistics companies, can be comprehensively analyzed, the vulnerability of ships remains insufficiently studied. This paper offers an analysis of the risks in the field of maritime freight transport and the main factors of influence such as digitization on the safety of the transport process. The basic threats to the information system of the ship are defined and the techniques of risk analysis for the ship information security is proposed.

3

Evaluation of determinant factors influencing the selection of ship management companies

Riadi A., Mudaffa F.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2022

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Vol. 16 No. 4

711--716

EN

Looking at the high flow of the shipping industry and many things related to the ship operations that have to be done every day, several ship owners have collaborated with Ship Management Company (SMC) to assist them in managing their ships' operations. SMC is required to be responsible for the daily operational management of the ship on behalf of the ship owner such as crewing, technical management, administration, and chartering. Seeing the importance of collaboration and the diversity of services provided by the SMC, it is necessary to evaluate each determinant factor by the ship owner for the selection of an SMC to assist the ship owner in choosing an SMC that suits their needs. It is also to improve the service prioritized by the owner to SMC. The purpose of this research is to identify the determinant factors of SMC selection from the owner’s perspective, evaluate the importance of each of these factors, and obtain different views between the owner and SMC in the selection of ship management. The Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP) method is used for evaluating weight based on the opinions of the owners and SMC who are experts in their fields. Then, the different perspectives between the owner dan SMC were obtained from the processing result. The results show that owners placed their top priority on factors that they can get the most from SMC, such as human resource factors and services. Meanwhile, SMC placed its priority on cost and its services factors that described the things they must manage well and optimization provided to owners.

4

Maritime transportation system safety and operation cost joint optimization

Kołowrocki Krzysztof, Magryta-Mut Beata

Safety and Reliability of Systems and Processes

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2022

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Summer Safety and Reliability Seminar 2022

93--116

EN

The model of system safety impacted by operation process is created and the procedure of its safety in the safety state subsets not worse than the critical safety state maximization is proposed. The model of system operation total costs in the safety state subsets is introduced and the procedure of its operation total cost in the safety state subset not worse than the critical safety state minimization is presented. To analyze jointly the system safety and its operation cost optimization, we propose determining the optimal values of limit transient probabilities of the system operation process at the particular operation states that allows to find the best system safety function and other safety indicators, utilizing the created system safety model and linear programming. Next, to find the system operation total costs in the safety state subsets, corresponding to this system best safety indicators, we replace the limit transient probabilities at the particular operation states, existing in the formula for the system operation total costs in the safety state subsets, by their optimal values existing in the formulae for the coordinates of the system safety function after maximization. On the other hand, to analyze jointly the system operation cost and it’s safety optimization, we propose the procedure of determining the optimal values of limit transient probabilities of the system operation process at the particular operation states that allows to find minimal system operation total cost in the safety state subset not worse than the critical safety state, using the created system operation cost model and linear programming. After that, to find the system conditional safety indicators, corresponding to this system minimal total operation cost in the safety state subset not worse than the critical safety state, we replace the limit transient probabilities at particular operation states, existing in the formula for the system safety function coordinates, and for remaining system conditional safety indicators by their optimal values existing in the formulae for the system minimal total cost in the safety state subsets not worse than the critical safety state. The created models are applied separately and jointly to the maritime transportation system. Moreover, to fulfil the obtained maritime transportation system optimal safety and operation cost results the modifications of its operation process is proposed. The evaluation of results is performed and future research in the field of the complex systems, including maritime transportation systems, safety and their operation costs joint analysis and optimization is proposed.

5

Addressing theaccidental risks of maritime transportation: could autonomous shipping technology improve the statistics?

Hoem Å.S., Fjørtoft K., Rødseth Ø.J.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2019

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Vol. 13, no. 3

487--494

EN

A paradigm shift is presently underway in the shipping industry promising safer, greener and more efficient ship traffic. In this article, we will look at some of the accidents from conventional shipping and see if they could have been avoided with autonomous ship technology. A hypothesis of increased safety is often brought forward, and we know from various studies that the number of maritime accidents that involves what is called “human error” ranges from some 60‐90 percent. If we replace the human with automation, can we then reduce the number of accidents? On the other hand, is there a possibility for new types of accidents to appear? What about the accidents that are today averted by the crew? This paper will present a method to assess these different aspects of the risk scenarios in light of the specific capabilities and constraints of autonomous ships.

6

The energy efficiency gap in Turkish maritime transportation

Konur Olgun, Bayraktar Murat, Pamik Murat, Kuleyin Barış, Nuran Mustafa

Polish Maritime Research

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2019

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nr 3

98--106

EN

The Turkish Merchant Shipping Industry has recently witnessed an increasing awareness of the importance to minimize environmental pollution and fuel oil consumption. Together with certain non-governmental organizations and media concerns about environmental protection, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has been strict on controlling undesirable effects on the environment and, consequently, forcing shipping companies to minimize their emissions. Besides, today’s highly advanced technology companies over the world have developed various innovative systems that can be utilized to minimize carbon emission, thus giving assurance to relevant investors that their investments are most likely to turn out well with a considerable financial gain in the short or long term. Despite all such favorable developments, in a general look, shipping companies seem reluctant in making use of technologies providing efficiency in energy consumption. This reluctance has eventually brought about the term “Energy Efficiency Gap”. This research conducts a questionnaire, created by Acciaro et al. [1], among the shipping companies in Turkey. 20 respondent companies, who represent 26 percent of the Turkish owned merchant marine fleet of over 1000 gross tonnage in terms of deadweight cargo capacity, participated in the research. The Pearson correlation analysis was used, and interpretations were made according to the obtained statistical values. The aim of the research was to identify reasons and points restraining the use of new technologies regarding energy efficiency, as well as to develop proposals for the innovators in this field about how to overcome this handicap concerning technical and managerial aspects of gaining energy efficiency.

7

Autonomous and unmanned transportation ships as revolutionary solutions in future of telematics

Preś I.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Technicznej w Katowicach

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2017

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nr 9

113--125

EN

According to Eurostat, in 2015 freight maritime transportation was responsible for 51% of share in transportation of overall EU international trade, what places it as a first transportation mode in Europe. [1] This is an important trigger for engineers to develop new solutions in ships’ construction, which could enhance the optimization of costs and increase efficiency of maritime transportation. The publication presents two big on-going research projects, which will define the future in ships’ technologies. First one, Maritime Unmanned Navigation through Intelligence in Network (MUNIN) and second, Ship Intelligence belonging to Rolls-Royce. In the first chapters, the article says about the latest trends according to European Union strategy in terms of maritime transportation. The third and the fourth chapter present both of the research projects in their current state. At the end, the author analyzes and compares both projects providing an overview how it meets the strategy for the future of cargo transportation in Europe, indicating the most important features.

PL

Obecnie obserwuje się wzrost znaczenia transportu morskiego. Według badań przeprowadzonych przez Eurostat, w 2015 transport ładunków drogą morską posiadał 51% z ogólnego podziału na środki transportowe dla ładunków, co oznacza, iż transport morski cargo jest drugim środkiem transportu w Europie. Fakt ten jest istotny dla inżynierów, aby wprowadzać nowe rozwiązania w konstrukcji statków morskich, które mogłyby zoptymalizować koszty oraz zwiększyć efektywność transportu morskiego. Publikacja prezentuje dwa duże projekty, które mogą zadecydować o przyszłości konstrukcji i technologii statków morskich: europejski projekt Morska Bezzałogowa Nawigacja poprzez Inteligencję w Sieci (MUNIN) oraz Inteligentne Statki wdrażane przez brytyjską firmę Rolls-Royce.

8

Rozmiar i przyczyny offshoringu polskiej floty transportowej

Rydzak L., Mianowana K., Guz T., Natoniewski M., Grochowicz J., Starek A., Sagan A.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 5

521--527, CD1

PL

W pracy dokonano analizy zjawiska offshoringu, występującego na polskim rynku transportu morskiego, polegającego na tym, że polscy armatorzy rejestrują swoje statki pod obcą banderą. Podkreślono, że pojęcia emigracji nie można ograniczać tylko do jednego czynnika produkcji, jakim jest czynnik ludzki (zasoby ludzkie). W pracy zaprezentowano dane GUS, dotyczące tematu i wskazano główne przyczyny offshoringu, czyli „emigracji” środków pracy. W podsumowaniu przedstawiono koncepcję przyszłego europejskiego obszaru transportu morskiego bez barier, która może nie tylko zahamować emigrację polskich statków handlowych pod obce bandery, ale również spowodować ich powrót pod banderę polską.

EN

Paper presented the analysis of Polish transportation ships „emigration” phenomena. The definition of term „emigration” includes all of the production factors, not only human resources. The files of Polish Central Statistical Office were used as a source data. High level of charge associated with the banner was indicated as a cause of examined phenomena. In conclusion, the new concept of the future European maritime transportation space without barriers and a large part of administrative procedures omitted not only can stop the emigration of Polish transportation ships under foreign flag, but also it can return them the Polish banner.

9

Maritime Transportation System Safety – Modeling and Identification

Dziula P., Kołowrocki K., Soszyńska-Budny J.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2013

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Vol. 7, no. 2

169--175

EN

The article is showing a concept of critical infrastructure systems’ safety states model. Model construction is basing on: popular technical systems’ safety states models, and notions specified in acts of law and other studies concerning crisis management. Paper is including some concept of proposed model usage possibilities ‐ methods and procedures for estimating unknown basic parameters of safety states transitions process: identifying the distributions of its conditional lifetime at safety states, estimating probabilities of its staying at safety states at the initial moment, probabilities of its transitions between safety states and parameters of the distribution for the description of its conditional lifetimes at safety states.

10

Satellite Navigation Systems in the transport, today and in the future

Januszewski J.

Archives of Transport

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2010

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Vol. 22, iss. 2

175-187

EN

Operational status and practical exploitation (October 2010) of Satellite Navigation Systems (SNS), as GPS and GLONASS, and Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS), as EGNOS are presented in this paper. Other SNS are under development as Galileo and Compass, other SBAS in various part of the world are already available (WAAS, MSAS) or under development as GAGAN or SDCM. The receivers of these systems are now found in every mode of transportation - air, maritime and land. Additionally SNS markets and applications in the transport and the most significant events in the satellite navigation systems in the nearest years and SNS markets and applications are described also.

PL

W artykule omówiono status operacyjny i problemy eksploatacyjne (październik 2010) nawigacyjnych systemów satelitarnych (SNS), takich jak GPS i GLONASS oraz satelitarnych systemów wspomagających (SBAS), takich jak EGNOS. W różnych częściach świata dostępne są inne systemy (WAAS i MSAS), kolejne (Galileo, Compass, QZSS, GAGAN) są na etapie budowy. Odbiorniki w/w systemów znalazły zastosowanie we wszystkich rodzajach transportu. Omówiono też najważniejsze wydarzenia jakich można spodziewać się w najbliższych latach w dziedzinie SNS oraz wykorzystanie tychże systemów na rynku transportowym.

11

A model for risk analysis of oil tankers

Montewka J., Krata P., Goerlandt F., Kujala P.

Archives of Transport

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2010

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Vol. 22, iss. 4

423-445

EN

The paper presents a model for risk analysis regarding marine traffic, with the emphasis on two types of the most common marine accidents which are: collision and grounding. The focus is on oil tankers as these pose the highest environmental risk. A case study in selected areas of Gulf of Finland in ice free conditions is presented. The model utilizes a well-founded formula for risk calculation, which combines the probability of an unwanted event with its consequences. Thus the model is regarded a block type model, consisting of blocks for the probability of collision and grounding estimation respectively as well as blocks for consequences of an accident modelling. Probability of vessbl colliding is assessed by means of a Minimum Distance To Collision (MDTC) based model. The model defines in anovel way the collision zone, using mathematical ship motion model and recognizes traffic flow as a non homogeneous process. The presented calculations address waterways crossing between Helsinki and Tallinn, where dense cross traffic during certain hours is observed. For assessment of, a grounding probability, a new approach is proposed, which utilizes a newly developed model, where spatial interactions between objects in different locations are recognized. A, ship at a seaway and navigational obstructions may be perceived as interacting objects and their repulsion may be modelled by a sort of deterministic formulation. Risk due to tankers running aground addresses an approach fairway to an oil terminal in Skoldvik, near Helsinki. [...]

PL

W artykule przedstawiono model oceny ryzyka w transporcie morskim, w aspekcie kolizji statków oraz wejść na mieliznę. W modelu przyjęto jeden typ statków, tankowce do przewozu ropy naftowej, z uwagi na fakt, iż w przypadku wystąpienia kolizji lub kontaktu z dnem statek ten może stanowić bardzo poważne zagrożenie dla środowiska. W pracy przedstawiono dwa nowatorskie podejścia do modelowania prawdopodobieństwa wystąpienia powyższych wypadków. Model do oceny prawdopodobieństwa kolizji statków definiuje w nowy sposób strefę kolizji, w oparciu o właściwości manewrowe statku oraz jego hydrodynamikę. Intensywność ruchu morskiego na analizowanym akwenie modelowana jest w oparciu o proces niestacjonarny, w przeciwieństwie do istniejących modeli. Model oceny prawdopodobieństwa wejścia na mieliznę wykorzystuje model grawitacyjny, który wyznacza bezpieczny obszar manewrowy dla danego statku i danego akwenu. W modelu tym statek i otaczające go płycizny traktowane są jako masy, wzajemnie na siebie oddziaływujące. Obydwa modele wykorzystują dane o ruchu statków zarejestrowane w systemie automatycznej identyfikacji statków (AIS). Analiza ryzyka przeprowadzona została dla dwóch wybranych akwenów w Zatoce Fińskiej. Jako konsekwencje wypadku przyjęto model kosztów, skonstruowany w oparciu o dane statystyczne z międzynarodowego funduszu IOPCF, który pokrywa koszty w związku z rozlewem olejowym na morzu.

12

Stability criteria as constraints in a fleet of ships optimisation problem

Oleksiewicz B.

Polish Maritime Research

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2004

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S 1

39-53

EN

The paper has been written within the European EUREKA Project E!2772, initiated and completed at the Faculty of Ocean Engineering & Ship Technology, Gdansk University of Technology in the years 2001-2003. A problem has been solved concerning mathematical optimisation of a fleet of multipurpose sea-river vessels for European short-shipping reguIlar lines, in the area of The North and Baltic Seas, on the level of marine transportation , task, by the non-linear programming methods with constraints. A method is proposed which enables existing criteria of stability to be included as constraints in the optimisation model of a jleet. In the numerical examples, three typical criteria of intact stabiliry: by IMO, PRS, and HSMB have been selected to demonstrate a post-optimisation feasibility analysis of principal parameters of ships.