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1

Damage Investigation of a Stork Wärtsilä 6SW280 Engine Valve Exhaust – A Case Study

Kawiak Michał, Krajewski Sławomir, Urbanowicz Kamil

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no 4

42--54

EN

The loss of steerage in maritime vessels often stems from main engine failures, as expounded in the present article. The focal incident involves a cascading engine breakdown initiated by a single exhaust valve fault. Subsequent consequences encompass the fragmentation of the second exhaust valve, structural damage to the engine components, including the head and piston, cracking of valve seats, and the inadvertent entry of cooling water into a cylinder. The ensuing plastic strain on the cylinder surface, coupled with valve fragments infiltrating the turbocharger, leads to additional, albeit minor, damage. Notably, the high degree of plastic strain obfuscates the original features of the cracked elements, necessitating the author to delineate a hypothetical cause and progression of the destruction process. In the article's conclusive remarks, the author underscores the paramount importance of continuous engine operation monitoring and meticulous fault diagnosis to uphold the safety standards of maritime transport.

2

Using Artificial Neural Networks for predicting ship fuel consumption

Nguyen Van Giao, Sakthivel Rajamohan, Rudzik Krzysztof, Kozak Janusz, Sharma Prabhakar, Pham Nguyen Dang Khoa, Nguyen Phuoc Quy Phong, Nguyen Xuan Phuong

Polish Maritime Research

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2023

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nr 2

39--60

EN

In marine vessel operations, fuel costs are major operating costs which affect the overall profitability of the maritime transport industry. The effective enhancement of using ship fuel will increase ship operation efficiency. Since ship fuel consumption depends on different factors, such as weather, cruising condition, cargo load, and engine condition, it is difficult to assess the fuel consumption pattern for various types of ships. Most traditional statistical methods do not consider these factors when predicting marine vessel fuel consumption. With technological development, different statistical models have been developed for estimating fuel consumption patterns based on ship data. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are some of the most effective artificial methods for modelling and validating marine vessel fuel consumption. The application of ANN in maritime transport improves the accuracy of the regression models developed for analysing interactive relationships between various factors. The present review sheds light on consolidating the works carried out in predicting ship fuel consumption using ANN, with an emphasis on topics such as ANN structure, application and prediction algorithms. Future research directions are also proposed and the present review can be a benchmark for mathematical modelling of ship fuel consumption using ANN.

3

Understanding fuel saving and clean fuel strategies towards green maritime

Van Nhanh Nguyen, Rudzki Krzysztof, Dzida Marek, Pham Nguyen Dang Khoa, Pham Minh Tuan, Nguyen Phuoc Quy Phong, Nguyen Xuan Phuong

Polish Maritime Research

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2023

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nr 2

146--164

EN

Due to recent emission-associated regulations imposed on marine fuel, ship owners have been forced to seek alternate fuels, in order to meet the new limits. The aim of achieving low-carbon shipping by the year 2050, has meant that alternative marine fuels, as well as various technological and operational initiatives, need to be taken into account. This article evaluates and examines recent clean fuels and novel clean technologies for vessels. The alternative fuels are classified as low-carbon fuels, carbon-free fuels, and carbon neutral fuels, based on their properties. Fuel properties, the status of technological development, and existing challenges are also summarised in this paper. Furthermore, researchers have also investigated energy-saving devices and discovered that zero-carbon and virtually zero-carbon clean fuels, together with clean production, might play an important part in shipping, despite the commercial impracticability of existing costs and infrastructure. More interestingly, the transition to marine fuel is known to be a lengthy process; thus, early consensus-building, as well as action-adoption, in the maritime community is critical for meeting the expectations and aims of sustainable marine transportation.

4

Fuel systems of high power stationary engine

Kneba Zbigniew

Combustion Engines

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2023

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R. 62, nr 3

141--146

EN

The use of alternative fuels and, in the future, synthetic fuels has forced changes in the design of fuel supply systems in internal combustion engines. When operating a stationary engine at constant load, the possibility of using lean fuel mixtures appears. The selection of a precise operating mixture ignition system requires changes in traditional fuel systems. The article presents the current designs of fuel supply systems and their properties. Attention was paid to operating parameters resulting in acceptable emissions of toxic exhaust gas components.

5

Assessing the topicality of the problem related to the explosion of crankcases in marine main propulsion engines (1972–2018)

Wiaterek Daniel, Chybowski Leszek

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2022

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nr 71 (143)

33--40

EN

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a query aimed at assessing the validity of the topic of crankcase explosions prevention in the main marine engines. The study takes into account the engine type, engine manufacturer, ship’s age, accident severity, ship’s location at the time of the incident, and the share of fatal accidents in the analyzed population of crankcase explosions. One of the primary hazards associated with offshore and deep-sea ship operations – and primarily ship power plants – are fires and explosions that result in accidents and incidents with an average frequency of 60 days. This paper discusses the actuality of crankcase explosion hazards in the main propulsion engines of various types of sea vessels. The assessment was made based on the results of a statistical analysis of historical data from 1972 to 2018. The methodology consisted of three stages: (1) a selection query to obtain the source data, (2) analysis of the obtained results (data separation, extraction of additional information, and statistical analysis), (3) synthesis of the obtained information, and drawing conclusions about the numerical indicators describing the statistical distribution of individual events for the given evaluation criteria. The analysis showed that the risk of crankcase explosions affects ships of all ages – both in crosshead (31%) and trunk piston engines (61%) – and that the number of serious incidents (67%) remained constant over the investigated period. Half of all incidents occurred on vessels younger than 15 years old. 58% of explosions took place in engines of the most popular prime movers manufacturers. The probability that a main engine crankcase explosion will result in injury or death is 17.34%.

6

Test method for determining the chemical emissions of a marine diesel engine exhaust in operation

Korczewski Zbigniew

Polish Maritime Research

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2021

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nr 3

76--87

EN

The article briefly describes the problem of air pollution caused by sea-going ships and the resulting restrictions on the emission of toxic and harmful chemical compounds in the exhaust of marine engines, introduced by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) under the International Convention for the Prevention of Sea Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73/78). Such emissions provide a significant metrological problem, not only for the owners of operating seagoing ships, but also for shipyards, maritime administration offices and environmental protection inspectors. For this reason, the article’s author is developing research issues related to the diagnosing the exhaust emissions of marine engines under operating conditions, i.e. with limited control (measurement) susceptibility. This is particularly important in the period of intensive implementation of a new category of marine fuel, so-called modified fuels with low sulphur content. As part of the problem, a computational model of the parameters characterising the exhaust emissions of a marine engine in operation is presented in this article. This model is based on the measurement of the engine’s control parameters, using a standard (stationary) measurement system and a portable diagnostic system, configured for the purpose of this research. Presented here are representative measurements and calculation results (both obtained by the author and provided by the manufacturer) from the chemical exhaust gas emissivity of one of the ship engines operated. These confirm the adequacy of the calculation model developed and the diagnostic effectiveness of the measuring equipment applied. The methodology developed for experimental testing may also be implemented for the operation of other types of marine engines, provided that the basic chemical composition of the fuel supply and the engine load characteristics and hourly fuel consumption are known. Moreover, there is the possibility of indicating the cylinders and measuring the chemical composition of exhaust gases in the high-temperature part of the exhaust duct.

7

Analysis of the pre-injection system of a marine diesel engine through multiple-criteria decision-making and artificial neural networks

Rodriguez C. G., Lamas M. I., Rodriguez J. D., Abbas A.

Polish Maritime Research

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2021

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nr 4

88--96

EN

The present work proposes several pre-injection patterns to reduce nitrogen oxides in the Wartsila 6L 46 marine engine. A numerical model was carried out to characterise the emissions and consumption of the engine. Several pre-injection quantities, durations, and starting instants were analysed. It was found that oxides of nitrogen can be noticeably reduced but at the expense of increasing consumption as well as other emissions such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. According to this, a multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model was established to select the most appropriate parameters. Besides, an artificial neural network (ANN) was developed to complement the results and analyse a huge quantity of alternatives. This hybrid MCDM-ANN methodology proposed in the present work constitutes a useful tool to design new marine engines.

8

Analysis of mass transfer in marine engine with prechamber combustion spark ignition system

Pielecha Ireneusz

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 2

art. no. e136744

EN

The development of combustion systems construction is associated with the possibility of increasing the thermal or overall efficiency of an internal combustion engine. The combustion systems currently in use (mainly related to direct fuel injection) are increasingly being replaced by hybrid systems, including direct and indirect injection. Another alternative is the use of prechambers in new combustion systems. This article concerns the thermodynamic aspect of this issue – namely, the assessment of the inter-chamber f low of a marine engine equipped with a prechamber combustion spark ignition system. The research was carried out using mainly one-dimensional simulation apparatus, and detailed analyses were presented using three-dimensional modeling. The tests included the engine model at medium load. Differences in mass f lows were shown at different diameters and different numbers of holes from the preliminary chamber (while maintaining the same cross-sectional area). Similar values of excess air coefficient during ignition of the fuel dose in the prechamber were observed, which resulted in changes in the f low between the prechamber and the main chamber. The differences in mass f low affected the temperatures achieved in the individual combustion chambers. Based on three-dimensional analyses, the mass transfer rate between the chambers and the temperature distribution were assessed during fuel ignition initiated in the prechamber.

9

A review of human error in marine engine maintenance

Islam R., Anantharaman M., Khan F., Garaniya V.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2020

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Vol. 14, no. 1

43--47

EN

Maritime safety involves minimizing error in all aspects of the marine system. Human error has received much importance, being responsible for about 80% of the maritime accident worldwide. Currently, more attention has been focused to reduce human error in marine engine maintenance. On-board marine engine maintenance activities are often complex, where seafarers conduct maintenance activities in various marine environmental (i.e. extreme weather, ship motions, noise, and vibration) and operational (i.e. work overload and stress) conditions. These environmental and operational conditions, in combination with generic human error tendencies, results in innumerable forms of error. There are numerous accidents that happened due to the human error during the maintenance activities of a marine engine. The most severe human error results in accidents due to is a loss of life. Moreover, there are other consequences too such as delaying the productivity of marine operations which results in the financial loss. This study reviews methods that are currently available for identifying, reporting and managing human error in marine engine maintenance. As a basis for this discussion, authors provide an overview of approaches for investigating human error, and a description of marine engine maintenance activities and environmental and operational characteristics.

10

Koncepcja diagnozowania gniazd zaworów cylindrowych silników okrętowych w eksploatacji

Korczewski Zbigniew

Journal of Polish CIMEEAC

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2020

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Vol. 15, no 1

62--70

PL

W artykule przybliżono fizykę uszkodzeń eksploatacyjnych zaworów cylindrowych silników okrętowych oraz technologię ich naprawy. Zaprezentowano system diagnozujący tego typu silników, który znajduje się na wyposażeniu bazy laboratoryjnej Katedry Siłowni Morskich i Lądowych WOiO PG. Umożliwia on przeprowadzenie kompleksowej oceny stanu technicznego przestrzeni roboczych silników zabudowanych w siłowni okrętowej w bieżącej eksploatacji. Zaproponowano schemat organizacji badań zaworów cylindrowych z wykorzystaniem posiadanego systemu diagnozującego dla potrzeb dokonania oceny skuteczności zaadaptowanej technologii naprawy gniazd zaworowych.

11

Data analysis to evaluate reliability of a main engine

Anantharaman M., Islam R., Khan F., Garaniya V., Lewarn B.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2019

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Vol. 13, no. 2

403--407

EN

Maritime transportation is the essence of international economy. Today, around ninety percent of world trade happens by maritime transportation via 50,000 merchant ships. These ships transport various types of cargo and manned by over a million mariners around the world. Majority of these ships are propelled by marine diesel engines, hereafter referred to as main engine, due to its reliability and fuel efficiency. Yet numerous accidents take place due to failure of main engine at sea, the main cause of this being inappropriate maintenance plan. To arrive at an optimal maintenance plan, it is necessary to assess the reliability of the main engine. At present the main engine on board vessels have a Planned Maintenance System (PMS), designed by the ship management companies, considering, advise of the engine manufacturers and/or ship’s chief engineers and masters. Following PMS amounts to carrying out maintenance of a main engine components at specified running hours, without taking into consideration the assessment of the health of the component/s in question. Furthermore, shipping companies have a limited technical ability to record the data properly and use them effectively. In this study, relevant data collected from various sources are analysed to identify the most appropriate failure model representing specific component. The data collected, and model developed will be very useful to assess the reliability of the marine engines and to plan the maintenance activities on-board the ship. This could lead to a decrease in the failure of marine engine, ultimately contributing to the reduction of accidents in the shipping industry.

12

Problems of Nitrogen Oxides Emission Decreasing from Marine Diesel Engines to Fulfill the Limit of Tier 3

Herdzik Jerzy

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2019

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Tom 21, cz. 1

659--671

EN

The paper presents problems of limitation the nitrogen oxides emission from marine diesel engines. The emission of noxious substances from combustion of marine fuels is restricted in respect of the atmosphere protection, International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations and others. The IMO requirements were determined by time of being in force. The first tier started in 2000 year, the second in 2011, the third is being valid from 2016 on USA waters and in some chosen port areas (from 2021 will be obligatory on Baltic Sea, North Sea and English Channel) and it is a necessity to comply those last requirements. In case of NOx – between the first and second tier the emission was limited 20%, while the third step was limited 80% of the first one. This is a very great challenge, because in nowadays marine diesel engines and marine heavy and diesel oils generally applied, it would seem impossible comply those requirements. It was formed environmental controlled areas of NOx emission (ECA) and they will extend. Governments of some countries (USA, Norway) were introduced on own territorial waters the requirements of NOx and SOx emission. In case of exceeding the limits (or a lack of the proper certificates) it was imposed an ecological charge (a form of tax) or the interdict of entrance on regulated water zones. In the paper it was given an attention to the new challenges for engine producers and ship-owners of fulfilling tier 3 standards or search new substitute solutions. The applying solutions for nitrogen oxides emission limitations cause the decreasing of engine efficiency and increasing the fuel consumption (and carbon dioxide emission) up to ten percent. Due to regulations of marine environment protection they generate additional investment and operation cost for ship-owners and charterers.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono problemy ograniczania emisji tlenków azotu z okrętowych silników wysokoprężnych. W celu ochrony atmosfery przed emisją szkodliwych substancji z procesu spalania paliw okrętowych wprowadzono regulacje Międzynarodowej Organizacji Morskiej (IMO) i inne. Wymagania IMO określają czas wejścia w życie (obowiązywania). Pierwsze ograniczenie emisji tlenków azotu (Tier 1) obowiązuje od 2000 roku, drugie (Tier 2) od 2011, natomiast trzecie (Tier 3) obowiązuje od 2016 roku na wodach amerykańskich i wybranych obszarach portowych (od 2021 roku będzie obowiązywać na Morzu Bałtyckim i Północnym oraz Kanale La Manche) oraz zachodzi konieczność spełnienia tych wymagań. Dla tlenków azotu (NOx) – pomiędzy pierwszym a drugim limitem jest różnica 20%, podczas gdy trzeci limit jest o 80% mniejszy od pierwszego. Jest to wielkie wyzwanie, ponieważ w okrętowych silnikach wysokoprężnych stosuje się paliwa ciężkie i oleje napędowe, wydaje się niemożliwe spełnienie tych wymagań. Utworzono obszary kontroli emisji (ECA) tlenków azotu i te obszary będą się powiększać. Rządy niektórych krajów (USA, Norwegia) wprowadziły własne wymagania na ich wodach terytorialnych odnośnie emisji tlenków azotu i tlenków siarki. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na nowe wyzwania dla producentów silników i armatorów statków w celu spełnienia standardów emisji w limicie Tier 3 lub poszukiwania innych równoważnych rozwiązań. Stosowane rozwiązania ograniczenia emisji tlenków azotu zmniejszają sprawność silników oraz zwiększają zużycie paliwa (i emisji dwutlenku węgla) nawet o dziesięć procent. Z powodu wprowadzenia regulacji chroniących środowisko morskie, generują one dodatkowe koszty inwestycyjne i eksploatacyjne dla armatorów i czarterujących.

13

Experimental investigation of seawater scrubbing of SO2 in turbulent contact absorbers and spray absorbers

Ma Yiping, Xu Leping, Zhou Junfeng, Yang Kailiang, Li Guoxiang

Environment Protection Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 45, nr 3

39--53

EN

The SOx emissions of the marine engine are regulated by international maritime conventions. In this paper, the effect of various parameters, including SO2 partial pressure, liquid to gas ratio (L/G), alkalinity and pH, was investigated by seawater scrubbing experiment in a turbulent contact absorber (TCA) and a spray absorber (SA) on a laboratory scale. The experimental data showed that the desulfurization efficiency of TCA was mainly dependent on the value of L/G and irrelevant to the changing way of L/G; the appropriate L/G of TCA was 2.3 dm3/m3 and pH of effluent water was 2.4–2.8 at the L/G of 1.1–2.8 dm3/m3. Comparatively, the desulfurization efficiency of increasing liquid flow rate was better than that of decreasing gas flow rate in the SA experiment. At the gas velocity of 1.58 m/s and L/G of 2.3 dm3/m3, the desulfurization efficiencies and drop pressures of TCA and SA were 75.9% and 42.4%, 690 and 260 Pa, respectively. The results indicate that TCA chosen as an absorber is likely to be a competitive desulfurization technique for controlling marine diesel emission.

14

Pressure measurement in the cylinder of four-stroke marine engine - simulation analysis

Cuper-Przybylska Dominika

Combustion Engines

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2019

|

R. 58, nr 2

36--39

EN

The measurement of combustion pressure relies on connecting a pressure sensor to a four-stroke marine engine cylinder by a channel led out from the engine cylinder. The geometry of the channel distorts the results of combustion pressure measurements. The purpose of the work is to create a model of combustion processes in engine cylinders. The model uses a mathematical description of the indicator channel on one of the engine cylinders. The input data to the model and the data necessary for its verification came from the direct measurements on the research facility. The test object was a four-stroke Sulzer 3AL25/30 engine loaded by an electric power generator. During calculations, different diameters and lengths of measurement channel were simulated. The obtained results allowed to formulate the conclusion that the geometry of the measurement channel has a significant impact on the measurement results. The increase of the length of the measuring channel as well as the diameter of the channel causes disturbances in the measurement of the maximum pressure.

15

The emission and combustion characteristics of marine diesel engine with extreme throttled of air or exhaust ducts

Kowalski J.

New Trends in Production Engineering

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2018

|

Vol. 1, Iss. 1

427--433

EN

Presented paper shows the results of the laboratory tests on the relationship between the extreme throttling of both air intake duct and exhaust gas duct and gaseous emission from the marine engine. The object of research is a laboratory, 4-stroke, DI diesel engine, operated at loads from 50 kW to 250 kW at a constant speed equal to 750 rpm. During the laboratory tests the thermodynamic and exhaust gas emission characteristics of the engine were measured with technical condition recognized as "working properly" and with simulated throttling of both air intake duct and exhaust gas duct. Air intake duct throttling by 60% causes visible changes at both gas temperature and pressure behind the intercooler. The study results show significant changes of NOx and CO2 emission for considered air intake duct throttling. The best indicator of exhaust gas duct throttling among considered thermodynamic parameters of the engine is mean in-cylinder pressure. In the case of measuring the composition of exhaust gas, the throttling of the exhaust gas duct causes visible changes in CO2 and NOx emission. The conclusion is that the results of measurements of the composition of the exhaust gas may contain valuable diagnostic information about the technical condition of air intake and exhaust gas duct of the marine engine.

16

Model of processes of the AL25/30 marine engine and its verification

Cuper-Przybylska Dominika

New Trends in Production Engineering

|

2018

|

Vol. 1, Iss. 1

285--291

EN

The work presents a model of the marine diesel engine working process. The research object was the AL25/30 engine. The model consists of partial models of the combustion process in the engine cylinders, the heat exchange process, flows through air and exhaust channels, heat exchange in the intercooler and friction in mechanical components of the engine. The model includes a description of the processes taking place in the turbocharger also. The input data to the model and the verification data were the results of direct measurements on the research facility. The verification showed errors in the calculation of air and exhaust gas parameters not exceeding 11%. The paper also presents an analysis of the results of fast-changing parameters, including combustion pressure in engine cylinders and pressures in individual gas channels. The designed model allows the analysis of the research facility operation and enables its further development towards the assessment of toxic compounds emission to the atmosphere.

17

Reliability and types of diagnosis in the process of diesel engine operation

Girtler J.

Journal of Polish CIMEEAC

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2018

|

Vol. 13, no 1

20--29

EN

The article presents complexity of the problem concerning development of diagnosis with defined reliability by a diagnosing system (SDG) on technical condition of marine combustion engines, especially main engines. It was shown that development of the final diagnosis, the so-called initial operation diagnosis, on the operational usability (fDG on PEx) of a main engine in particular, is not possible without prior development of reliable diagnoses such as: diagnosis on correctness of diagnostic signals, diagnosis on correctness of values of the measured diagnostic parameters of an engine (DG on pWM), diagnosis on technical condition of an engine (DG on ST) and initial diagnosis on operational usability of an engine (wDG on PEx), the so-called initial operation diagnosis. Difficulties in development of the diagnoses were emphasized herein due to the fact that the process of acquisition of information needed to develop diagnoses with certain reliability or accuracy is a two-dimensional stochastic process with components: B(t) – being considered during operation (use) of SDG (at so-called long time - quasistatic) and C(ʋ) – being considered while measuring diagnostic parameters and diagnostic inference (at so-called short time - dynamic). The need to determine reliability or accuracy rate of each diagnosis in the form of conditional probability P(S/K) was also indicated, where S – technical state of the engine and K – vector of values of diagnostic parameters reflecting state S. Diagnostic status of marine engine as a diagnosed system (SDN) was characterized in general, on the example of an engine operation process with regards to input (X), output (Y), constant (C) and interference (Z) values. Also there was explained how to understand the terms: diagnostic test, signal inference, measurement inference, structure inference and operation inference, and how inductive inference can be used to verify, for example, the hypothesis H on engine state S when vector K of values of engine diagnostic parameters is observed.

18

The evaluation of viscosity properties of engine oil – Marinol RG 1240 after working in various types of engines

Malinowska M.

Journal of KONES

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2018

|

Vol. 25, No. 1

275--281

EN

The lubricating oils are a liquid substance, consisting of a base (mineral, synthetic or vegetable) and selected additives. They can used for lubricate internal combustion engines, so they called – engine oils. For proper functioning of the engine, lubricating oil have to fulfil basic requirements: the main function is to enable the formation of a film of oil between the moving parts which reduces friction and wear, assisting in cooling, keeping the compression ratio, reducing corrosion, filling in all micro ridges on the surface of cooperating components, sealing the combustion chamber etc. The most significant property of any lubricating oil is viscosity, which is the measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress. The important feature is that property of viscosity changes during the exploitation process of oil, it may increase and decrease. That is why, for engines it is important not only to choose the type of oil correctly but also to frequent monitor the viscosity. In the article, the author shows how the viscosity of marine engine oils changes after working in different types of engines. The experiments were conducted using the method of the rheometer Haake Mars III of Thermo Scientific. The samples of engine oil – Marinol RG 1240 were collected after various periods of use in three different engine types Cegielski- Sulzer.

19

Experimental research on influence of the fuel nozzle geometry on the fuel consumption of the marine 4-stroke diesel engine

Kowalski J., Nagórski J., Sikora G.

Journal of KONES

|

2018

|

Vol. 25, No. 2

185--190

EN

The article presents experimental research that has been carried out on a marine, 4-stroke, 3-cylinder, turbocharged engine. During testing, the engine operated at a constant rotational speed of 750 rpm and a load from 0 kW to 280 kW. The engine was fuelled by diesel oil of known specification and loaded by electric generator with water resistance. The fuel consumption was measured during the engine operation with fuel nozzles with different geometries. The measurement of the fuel consumption was carried out using a weighing system that was designed, constructed, and manufactured by the “KAIZEN” scientific research team at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at the Gdynia Maritime University. The results of measurements show changes in the fuel consumption by the engine with the geometry of the injected fuel spray. The research facility is Sulzer’s 3- cylinder, 4-stroke, turbocharged AL25/30 piston engine. The fuel system consists of Bosch injection pumps controlled by a rotation speed regulator. Fuel injectors are centrally located in the cylinder heads of the engine.

20

Charakterystyka systemów oczyszczania spalin w pomocniczych silnikach okrętowych

Pielecha J., Rymaniak Ł., Brzeziński Ł.

TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego

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2017

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R. 24, nr 12

265--269, CD

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano podstawowe charakterystyki systemów oczyszczania spalin przeznaczone do pomocniczych silników okrętowych o zapłonie samoczynnym. W związku z wprowadzaniem norm dotyczących ochrony środowiska, również tego typu silniki coraz częściej są wyposażane w systemy zmniejszające emisję zanieczyszczeń. Główny nacisk położony jest na zmniejszenie emisji tlenków azotu, a zastosowane metody selektywnej redukcji katalitycznej pozwalają na zmniejszenie jej o ponad 90%, co w konsekwencji skutkuje spełnieniem bardzo restrykcyjnych norm emisji spalin w strefach, w których ta emisja jest kontrolowana.

EN

The article presents basic characteristics of exhaust aftertreatment systems designed for auxiliary marine diesel engines. Due to the introduction of environmental standards, such engines are increasingly more often equipped with emission reduction systems. Emphasis is placed on the reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions, and selective catalytic reduction methods enable a re-duction of more than 90%, which allow such systems to meet very strict emission standards in the areas where this emission is limited.