Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Development measures to enhance the ecological safety of ships and reduce operational pollution to the environment

Melnyk Oleksiy, Onyshchenko Svitlana, Onishchenko Oleg

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 118

195--206

EN

Reduction of ecological risks of shipping is a challenging task that requires methods of legislative and regulatory control, organizational measures, and technical and technological support. Furthermore, the matter concerns not only the reduction of possible risks but also the level of existing impact on the marine environment because of exhaust gas emissions by ships, discharge of waste and ballast water, as well as control of ecological consequences of accidents. The purpose of this study is to analyse possible sources of environmental impact during ship operation cycles, identify significant risks, review existing potentials to reduce the risk of ship accidents and their environmental consequences, and develop solutions to existing problems. This study offers results, which can serve as the initial basis for the formation of comprehensive measures on the reduction of environmental risks, and consequences of possible accidents for the environment caused by ships and international shipping.

2

A study of the seasonal and interannual variability of phytoplankton and zooplankton assemblages in a significant marine ecosystem

Kämpf Jochen, Newman Michelle, Doubell Mark, Möller Luciana, Baring Ryan, Shute Alex, Rodriguez Ana

Oceanologia

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2023

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Vol. 65 (2)

434--451

EN

The eastern Great Australian Bight (GAB) is a significant marine ecosystem, featuring a range of marine mammals and large pelagic fish including blue whales, sharks and tuna. Previous research has classified the region as generally oligotrophic, apart from late austral summer months when seasonal upwelling triggers phytoplankton blooms in the region. Based on multi-year field observations, this study analysed the interannual and interdecadal variability of the plankton community structure in this region. Pigment data indicate that nano- and pico-phytoplankton generally dominated the phytoplankton community structure with averages of 39% and 30% of the total biomass, including a relatively large proportion of nanophytoplankton (cryptophytes, haptophytes and prasinophytes) with cell sizes <5 µm, not resolved in microscopic cell counts. Nano- and pico-phytoplankton alone contributed ∼0.3 mg/m3 to the chlorophyll-a signal and therefore sustained an overall mesotrophic environment year-round. Distinct diatom blooms developed during the upwelling season within concentrated subsurface layers where chlorophyll-a concentrations increased to >1 mg/m3, characterising eutrophic conditions. The biomass of diatoms increased from <10% to ∼30% of total biomass. Diatom blooms coincided with relatively high abundances of three dominant zooplankton species (Oithona similis, Penilia avirostris and Microsetella norvegica) and/or the dinophyta Noctiluca scintillans, but events of high zooplankton abundance also occurred outside the upwelling season. The observational findings also show the occurrence of significant subsurface phytoplankton blooms in late spring, not reported before, that may also contribute to the ecosystem functioning of the region.

3

Two-Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Morphodynamic Evolution in Bouregreg Estuary (Morocco)

El Assaoui Naïma, Sadok Abdelaziz, Bendaraa Anass, Charafi Moulay Mustapha

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 5

217--230

EN

The Bouregreg valley, located on the Atlantic coast of Morocco, has been subject to several anthropogenic and natural impacts that disturb the proper functioning of the estuary’s ecosystem. Important dredging operations influenced by both tides and freshwater inflows have created a significant variation of estuary’s morphology characterized by a sand bar developed at the mouth. The main objective of this study is to investigate the Morphodynamic processes of the estuary and in particular the impact of dredging operations using a two-dimensional horizontal numerical (2DH) modeling approach based on the shallow water equations. Several numerical tests have been carried out to calibrate the model and to investigate the hydrodynamic and morphological aspects of the estuary. For this technical solution, the modelling simulations show that in addition to the quantities of sand that will be dredged initially, the maintenance of the channel will facilitate a better water circulation between the Bouregreg valley and the Atlantic Ocean and improve the stability of the civil engineering structures and the neighbouring monuments. In addition, this water circulation will guide the river flow in the ebb phase of the tide. The model results show a reduction of about 30% in the impact of erosion, observed before the digging of the canal.

4

The distinguishing proof of a wide range of offices for oceanic route influencing ecosystem in Saudi Arabia

Elentably A., Fisher K., Holger S., Alghanmi A., Alhrbi S.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2022

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Vol. 16 No. 3

455--460

EN

Navigational apparatuses, hardware and gadgets have created and the boat's route official needs to take assist in flighty ways with arranging and explore the ocean journey. The boat's official has a bunch of marine route hardware, which makes the upkeep of boats, freight and lives a lot simpler, because of mechanical advances. Subsequently, safeguarding the marine climate. As the absence of preparing and failure influence the climate, whether while moving boats to moor in ports or during cruising, as well as stacking and dumping activities in ports. Besides, momentum sailors are prepared to know how to function and work all advanced navigational hardware that made the excursion adrift smoother, more secure and safer. Positive aspects on the climate to be viable with current offices and robotization, the boat today has many high-level route hardware frameworks that give exact information to the journey, consequently keeping away from a large number of the negatives that happened in past times.

5

Coastal and marine issues and their relation to ecosystem survey

Elentably A., Fisher K., Holger S., Alghanmi A., Alhrbi S.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2022

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Vol. 16 No. 3

449--454

EN

Protecting and preserving the environment and marine resources is a constant concern of countries. The seas and oceans face increasing threats to their flora and fauna from pollution, both from land and sea sources. Overexploitation of marine resources and overfishing pose serious threats to biodiversity and the balance of marine ecosystems. Especially for countries that rely on fisheries resources to feed their populations in closed or semi-closed seas. It is unusual to highlight overfishing by ships, as coastal states' resources do not allow for effective safety controls and as a result, there are a number of severely depleted fisheries worldwide. It is therefore vital that conservation and management measures for straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks continue and increase, as it is a resource that has transcended many national jurisdictions. According to the priorities of the current research project, which include alignment and adaptation to the regulations of the Saudi marine environment, the research group of the current marine ecosystem project tries to analyze the variables contained in maritime transport and shipping and to measure the impact of these variables on the marine ecosystem, by focusing on four national priority areas: 1) reliable and long-term seafood supply; 2) thriving coastal ecosystems; 3) sustainable coastal development; and 4) risk resilience in coastal communities. Prioritizing coastal issues and gathering desired outcomes from.

6

Correlation between Ecological Status of Sedati Waters and Gonadosomatic Index of Short-Necked Clam (Paratapes undulatus)

Fitriani Nurul, Cahyoko Yudi, Sulmartiwi Laksmi, Pursetyo Kustiawan Tri, Idris Mohd Hanafi, Zein Alfian, Masithah Endang Dewi

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 5

198--204

EN

Catching is one way to get Short necked-clam so the demand also increases. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of short necked-clam is a study to maintain the availability of short-necked-clam in waters. Another thing that can be obtained from this study is to know its relation to the ecological status (quality of water, substrate, and the abundance of plankton) in the waters of Sedati, Indonesia. The strategy utilized in deciding the choose point is based on the purposive inspecting strategy did some time recently with attempting to take samples at a few point within the range of brief necked-clam angling ground. To decide the relationship of the environmental status with GSI used regression, and correlation is further illustrated by descriptive statistical analysis. Based on the regression analysis, water quality has a relationship to the gonadosomatic index of short-necked clam either directly with a value of -0.1278 or through nutrients that are worth 0.6813. While the nutrient has a relationship to the gonadosomatic index of -0.99583 and substrate of 0.2525. The results showed ecological status that correlates most strongly is plankton abundance of 94.39% (very strong) but negative correlated, with dissolved oxygen of 83.92% (very strong) and with the temperature of 62,98% (strong).

7

Acoustic tracking dynamic phenomena in marine ecosystem

Orlowski A.

Hydroacoustics

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2009

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Vol. 12

167-180

EN

Acoustic information, collected in the form of measurements of integrated echo energiesrelated to time and 3D space has been applied at the Sea Fisheries Institute since 1981 to examine the rough statistical relationships between clupeoids distribution in the Baltic and the relevant environmental factors. In this paper it is shown that the data collected can be also applied for very detail observation of dynamic phenomena in marine ecosystem. Two differentiated case studies were selected to show new acoustic applications in specific areas of oceanographic research. In the first case spatial characteristics of fish diel vertical migration in the southern Baltic was surveyed and analysed for the period 1994-2007, against the environmental background. In the second case acoustic sounding was applied to quantify ebullition of methane from Baltic sediments. Both phenomena are strongly dependent on climatic variability. For both cases the final characteristics of the phenomenon was given in the form of video frames, expressing the processes in time. Unique method of echo-recording transformation into video frames was described and applied to analyse the process of ebullition of methane from the seabed.

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Acoustic information applied to 4D environmental studies in the Baltic

Orlowski A.

Oceanologia

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2006

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No. 48 (4)

509-524

EN

Since 1981, acoustic information collected in the form of calibrated measurements of integrated echo energy has been applied at the Sea Fisheries Institute to observe the relationships between fish distribution and environmental factors. Data gathered in different seasons for each elementary distance unit (EDSU) at standardised depth intervals were compared to the values of selected environmental parameters measured in parallel. Acoustic, biological and hydrological data were correlated in space and transferred to the complex database, enabling 4D analysis of numerous factors characterising a wide range of fish behaviour. A number of methods and standards of comparisons are described to explain how to improve understanding of the relationship between 3D spatial environmental gradients and fish distributions. The results of various case studies, including the influence of hydrologic and seabed characterising factors, illustrate the practical application and validity of the methods. Particular attention is given to indicators of the dependence of local fish biomass density on the temperature structure in the sea.

9

Morskie Obszary Chronione - droga do zachowania bioróżnorodności mórz

Radziejewska T., Gruszka P.

Problemy Ekologii

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2005

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R. 9, nr 5

243-252

PL

Morskie Obszary Chronione (MOC) są jedną z form ochrony różnorodności ekosystemów morskich. Ich zadaniem jest zapewnienie ochrony gatunków rzadkich lub zagrożonych, ochrona całych szczególnie cennych zespołów organizmów i ich siedlisk, tworzenie obszarów kontrolnych dla badań nad zmianami środowiska morskiego oraz zapewnienie potencjalnych korzyści dla rybołówstwa. MOC funkcjonują w wielu rejonach mórz, przy czym większość z nich znajduje się w rejonach przybrzeżnych. Część MOC nie spełniło pokładanych w nich nadziei. Brak skuteczności MOC może wynikać z niewłaściwej lokalizacji, z oddziaływania niekontrolowalnych czynników zewnętrznych, z niewystarczającej znajomości ekologii akwenu otaczanego ochroną czy też z konfliktu między potrzebami ochrony a celami ekonomicznymi i społecznymi. W wielu przypadkach jednak MOC okazały się skutecznym narzędziem ochrony lub rewitalizacji ożywionych zasobów mórz. MOC, ustanowione i funkcjonujące w oparciu o uregulowania prawne i współpracę różnych grup użytkowników, mogą powstrzymać niszczenie siedlisk, złagodzić lokalne efekty przełowienia populacji ryb i wzmocnić odporność ekosystemów na globalne zmiany klimatyczne i wzrost populacji ludzkiej. Są one odpowiedzią na potrzebę zachowania bogactwa gatunków i ekosystemów morskich znajdujących się zarówno w bezpośrednim zasięgu społeczności nadmorskich, jak i bardzo odległych od wybrzeży, ale odczuwających skutki antropopresji.

EN

Marine Protected Areas (MAP) are a form of marine ecosystem diversity conservation. Their role is to provide protection to rare and/or endangered species, protect entire particularly valuable communities and their habitats, serve as a reference in studies on changes of the marine environment, and yield potential benefits for fisheries. Although MPA have been established in various marine areas, most of them are situated in the near-shore zone. Some MPA have not lived up to expectations. Their failure could have resulted from unsuitable location, operation of uncontrollable external factors, inadequate knowledge on the ecology of an area granted protection, or from a conflict between conservation needs and economic and social goals of stakeholders in an area. However, in many cases MOC have proven to be an efficient tool in protection, conservation, and revitalisation of living marine resources. Established and functioning in a framework of an appropriate legal system and cooperation of various groups of users, MPA have a potential of preventing habitat degradation, ameliorating local effects of overfishing, and reinforcing the resistance of marine ecosystems to global climate changes and human population increase. MPA are an answer to the need for conserving the richness of marine species and ecosystems, both those exposed to direct effects of activities within the coastal zone and those that, although remote from the shore, are nevertheless affected by anthropognic pressure.

10

Polon w ekosystemie Bałtyku

Skwarzec B., Stepnowski P.

LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania

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1998

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R. 3, nr 2

9-10