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2 Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2 2025

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Investigating the potential of coral fragment-based CaO-ZnO biocomposites for the sustainable photodegradation of chloramphenicol

Prajaputra Vicky, Karina Sofyatuddin, Isnaini Nadia, Rahayu Putri Sri, Sihombing Mastavioni

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2025

Vol. 26, iss. 2

420--427

Environmental pollution from pharmaceutical waste, particularly antibiotics like chloramphenicol, poses significant risks to marine ecosystems. Chloramphenicol, widely used in aquaculture, is often found in wastewater, leading to bacterial resistance and disrupting aquatic environments. Adsorption techniques, particularly using natural adsorbents like coral-derived calcium oxide (CaO), are emerging as cost-effective methods for mitigating such pollution. However, the limited photocatalytic activity of CaO requires enhancement through the incorporation of semiconductor materials such as zinc oxide (ZnO). This study investigates the synthesis and performance of a CaO-ZnO composite derived from coral fragments for the photocatalytic degradation of chloramphenicol in water. The composite was characterized by XRF, FTIR, SEM, and XRD, and its photocatalytic activity was evaluated over a range of degradation times under UV light. Results demonstrated that the CaO-ZnO composite significantly improved chloramphenicol degradation compared to individual CaO and ZnO, with the highest efficiency observed at 240 minutes, reaching 66.99%. These findings highlight the potential of the CaO-ZnO composite as an effective and sustainable solution for chloramphenicol removal from wastewater.

Influence of extraction time on collagen yield and proximate composition from yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) bones: Insights from industrial waste valorization

Prajaputra Vicky, Maryam Siti, Isnaini Nadia, Apriani Sahra, Maqfirah Siti, Lestari Allysa Salsabila, Mulyana Wilda Susanti

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2025

Vol. 26, iss. 1

1--7

The valorization of tuna bones from industrial waste as a source of halal collagen presents a promising alternative to land-based collagen sources, such as bovine and porcine collagen. This study aims to evaluate the effect of extraction duration on the quality of collagen produced, focusing on yield, proximate composition (moisture, ash, fat, and protein content), functional group analysis, and collagen morphology. Collagen was extracted using the acid-soluble collagen (ASC) method, which involved pretreatment with NaOH to remove non-collagenous proteins, isopropyl alcohol to remove fat, and hydrolysis using acetic acid (CH3COOH). The extraction durations tested were 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, with a solution-to-sample ratio of 1:10 using 0.75 M CH3COOH. Results showed that extraction for 96 hours yielded the highest collagen at 4.70%. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups Amide I, II, III, A, and B, while SEM analysis revealed collagen morphology as small, rounded particles with fine pores and clearly visible collagen fibers. The moisture content decreased with longer extraction times, from 12.8% at 24 hours to 4.2% at 96 hours, while protein content increased, reaching 85.2% at 96 hours. The fat content was reduced to 0.2%, and ash content minimized to 0.8%. The proximate composition met the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 8076:2014), indicating that tuna bone collagen is a viable and good-quality source of halal collagen derived from industrial waste.