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The Effect of Different Additions of Carbon Dioxide on Growth, Lipids, Carotenoids and Chlorophyll-a of Chaetoceros calcitrans

Amaliandini Esza Rezky, Nashrullah Syarif, Larasati Anastasya Dewi, Taufan Fajar, Sari Luthfiana Aprilianita, Dewi Nina Nurmalia, Arsad Sulastri, Musa Nadirah

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 1

289--298

EN

Global warming gives phytoplankton a significant role in reducing carbon. C. calcitras is a phytoplankton which utilizes carbon dioxide for growth and the formation of secondary metabolites in order to survive. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of differences in duration on growth, lipid content, carotenoids and chlorophyll-a in C. calcitrans and to determine the optimal duration. An experimental method with statistical analysis using ANOVA was used in this study. The treatments implemented were the addition of carbon dioxide for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 minutes with a volume of carbon dioxide addition of 3 bps. The results showed that the addition of carbon dioxide had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the value of lipids, growth, carotenoids and chlorophyll-a. The highest density value was obtained in Treatment for 2 minutes to increase growth with the highest total value of 2,927,500 cells/ml. The best treatment to increase lipids was Treatment for 12 minutes with lipid content of 63.33% and lipid productivity of 1.82 mg/l/day. The best treatment to increase carotenoid content was Treatment for 4 minutes with carotenoid content of 2.20 g/mL and chlorophyll-a content of 1.4431 g/mL. Optimal treatment differences to obtain the highest value of each parameter differ from each other, depending on the synthesis and physiological processes of C. calcitrans.

2

Monitoring of Phytoplankton Abundance and Chlorophyll-a Content in the Estuary of Banjar Kemuning River, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java

Al Diana Nabila Zahro, Sari Luthfiana Aprilianita, Arsad Sulastri, Pursetyo Kustiawan Tri, Cahyoko Yudi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 1

29--35

EN

Estuaries are coastal areas that have a fairly high fertility rate. This region can be said to be fertile because it is influenced by such physical factors as temperature, turbidity, light, and current as well as such chemical factors as salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, and nutrient content. The estuary of the Banjar Kemuning River is a coastal area with a lot of human activities, and it is close to the mainland, causing the change in the nutrient content in the waters. The nutrient content in the waters is closely related to the phytoplankton abundance, as the higher the nutrient content in the waters, the greater the phytoplankton abundance and the chlorophyll-a content. The level of chlorophyll-a content in the waters can indirectly be used as an indicator of the phytoplankton abundance, which can determine the level of fertility of these waters. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the phytoplankton abundance and the chlorophyll-a content in the estuary of the Banjar Kemuning River. This study is observational research with data analysis using linear regression, simple correlation (Pearson), and ANOVA. In addition, the data collection was carried out by purposive random sampling at predetermined points of stations. The results of this study indicated that the phytoplankton abundance and the chlorophyll-a content at the estuary of Banjar Kemuning River during different months were significantly different (P < 0.05). The average phytoplankton abundance during the study was 19,256 cells/L, 19,044 cells/L, and 22,613 cells/L, while the average chlorophyll-a content during the study was 0.958 µg/L, 0.998 µg/L, and 1.167 µg/L. The conclusion was drawn that there is a difference between the phytoplankton abundance and the chlorophyll-a content each month and classified into high correlation.

3

Gastropod Community Structure as Environmental Change Signals for Tropical Status in Sedati Waters, Indonesia

Melati Vivy Hanum, Sari Luthfiana Aprilianita, Cahyoko Yudi, Arsad Sulastri, Pursetyo Kustiawan Tri, Dewi Nina Nurmalia, Idris Mohd. Hanafi

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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Vol. 22, iss. 3

82--90

EN

Sedati is one of the Sidoarjo Regency's Coastal Areas, which has potential resources in capture fisheries. Many industries in Sedati have caused a decrease in the aquatic productivity and aquatic organism conditions, including gastropods. Gastropods are easy to find in various habitats, but their distribution is highly dependent on the habitat conditions such as physical, chemical and biological factors. Gastropods are sensitive to environmental changes and can withstand the environmental changes that are not too wide to be used as indicators of environmental pollution. This study aims to determine the structure of the gastropod community in the Sedati Waters. The research was performed using an observation method. The gastropod samples were taken using a dredge net, while the substrate samples were collected using Ekman grab. The gastropods found in Sedati Waters from October to December are nine species from 2 orders and six families. The species most commonly found in R. venosa, while the least is C. ventricosa. The abundance index of gastropods every month shows a marked difference between stations but not the other main parameters. The diversity index value was between 1.4846–2.0897. The evenness index value reached between 0.8284 and 0.9548. The dominance index ranged from 0.16 to 0.2299. The community structure of gastropods in the Sedati Waters, Sidoarjo, East Java shows a significant difference (p<0.05) between stations and belongs to the medium category.

4

The full or partial replacement of commercial marine engine oil with bio oil, on the example of linseed oil

Malinowska Małgorzata

Journal of KONES

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2019

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Vol. 26, No. 3

129--135

EN

The bio-oils are considered to sustainable, alternative and environmentally friendly source of lubricants compared to commercial engine oils, on the base a mineral, synthetic or semi-synthetic. They are obtained from natural raw material (vegetable or animal oils), which are renewable and non-toxic to humans, living organisms and environment. The vegetable oils called green oils, natural oils, bio-oils or natural esters. They can be obtained from plant seeds, that may be consumed – edible oils (for instance: rapeseed oil) or which cannot be consumed – inedible (for example: linseed oil). The conducted research into linseed oil and its different quantity additives (25% and 50%) to commercial marine mineral oil intended for a medium-speed 4-stroke, trunk marine engine (i.e. Marinol RG 1240). The flash point and dependence of viscosity and temperature were compared and assess. It has been proven that vegetable oils have a high ignition temperature and very small viscosity change in the range of temperatures presented, i.e. high viscosity index. According to the results, it can be recommended the addition of 25% linseed oil in the base lubricant is the relevant for lubricating a medium speed 4-stroke marine engine. The vegetable additives can improve a viscosity index a lube oil, and they will be positively affected environmental protection

5

The full or partial replacement of mineral marine engine oil with vegetable oil, on the example of rapeseed oil

Malinowska M.

Journal of KONES

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2017

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Vol. 24, No. 1

247--253

EN

The demand for petroleum products is increasing day by day, but mentioned products have limited sources and they are hazardous for environment. Therefore international organizations for example: International Maritime Organization, start to make restrictive requirements application petroleum products for safety environmental, what is the main reason of the use of the alternative liquids. One of the most popular environmental friendly, renewable and less toxic oils is vegetable oils. They can used as fuels and lubricants. The vegetable oils are mainly triglycerides, which contain three hydroxyl groups and long chain unsaturated free fatty acids attached at the hydroxyl group by ester linkages. They have good properties of lubricity, viscosity and thermal. In this article focused only on lubricants. Among a wide group of vegetable oils chosen rapeseed oil. Rapeseed is the most important and most efficient oilseed crop in Europe and it is the most common basestocks for vegetablebased lubricants. It conducted research into pure rapeseed oil and its different quantity additives to traditional marine motor oil – Marinol RG 1240. The two basic physic-chemical parameters, they were flash point and dependence of viscosity and temperature, were compare and assess. It has been proven that vegetable oils have a higher ignition temperature than mineral oils and a smaller viscosity change in the range of temperature presented.

6

Multi-source energy networks for cargo Vessels

Ahmed S., Castellazzi A., Williams A.

Transactions on Environment and Electrical Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 1, No. 4

37--43

EN

The paper discusses the feasibility of installing renewable energy generation technologies on sea-going transport, taking into account the additional weight and power consumption. This study in based on the power management of a 26,198 tonne commercial chemical tanker. The management system would aim at reducing the number of generators as well as the power required from burning fossil fuels. After a process of elimination of potential technologies based on feasibility of the project and shipboard application, the work is focused towards photovoltaic and wind energy generation in combination with fossil fueled engines and Li-ion battery storage covering the higher energy density needs, and the intermittent nature of renewables. The network architecture is optimized in order to have the highest efficiency, and reduced system weight. The results show that successful management of the system can lead to reduction in generator requirement, and energy despite the weight of extra installations of photovoltaic and wind energy generation systems. By reducing the number of generators and allowing each remaining one to operate near their maximum power, the specific fuel consumption is improved, the efficiency is increased, resulting in significant fuel and cost saving, along with the mass of fuel to be carried on-board.

7

Coal fly ash supported nZnO for the sorption of triphenyltin chloride

Ayanda O. S., Fatoki O. S., Adekola F. A., Ximba B. J., Akinsoji O. S., Petrik L. F.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2015

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Vol. 41, no. 1

59--71

EN

A laboratory study was performed to study the effects of various operating factors, viz. adsorbent dose, contact time, solution pH, stirring speed, initial concentration and temperature on the adsorption of triphenyltin chloride (TPT) onto coal fly ash supported nZnO (CFAZ). The adsorption capacity increases with increase in the adsorbent amount, contact time, pH, stirring speed and initial TPT concentration, and decrease with increase in the solution temperature. The adsorption data have been analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) adsorption models to determine the mechanistic parameters associated with the adsorption process while the kinetic data were analyzed by pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, Elovich, fractional power and intraparticle diffusivity kinetic models. The thermodynamic parameters of the process were also determined. The results of this study show that 0.5 g of CFAZ was able to remove up to 99.60% of TPT from contaminated natural seawater at 60 min contact time, stirring speed of 200 rpm and at a pH of 8. It was also found that the equilibrium and kinetic data fitted better to Freundlich and pseudo second-order models, respectively. It can therefore be concluded that CFAZ can be effectively used for shipyard process wastewater treatment.

8

The Influence of Familiarity on Life Jacket Donning Performance: Implications for Participant Selection

MacDonald C. V., Brooks C. J., Kozey J. W., Habib A.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2011

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Vol. 17, No. 1

15--23

EN

Laboratories and test houses keep a “pool” of test subjects that volunteer to be participants in life jacket approval testing, which is believed to be an incorrect procedure. Fifty-six participants donned 8 child/infant life jackets onto 4 infant manikins in random order with time and accuracy of donning recorded. Average donning time for all 8 life jackets decreased significantly after the first donning experience. The findings show that the effect of familiarity occurs immediately after the first test, regardless of life jacket type, thus “contaminating” the subject and making them unsuitable for further tests. These observations are important for life jacket standards where the life jacket must be donned by a naïve participant. Currently, a poorly designed life jacket may receive a pass as a result of the learning effect as shown by participants with previous donning experiences.

9

Generation of Asymmetrical Difference Patterns from Array Antennas

Satyanarayana M., Raju G. S. N.

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2011

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Vol. 57, No. 2

185-190

EN

It is common to produce sum patterns from array antennas. These patterns are basically symmetric with one main lode in bore sight and symmetric sidelobe structure around the main beam. The antennas associated with the marine radars are required to produce patterns with asymmetric side lobes. Asymmetrical patterns are very useful for marine radars when ships sail in turbulent water where roll and pitch exists.In particular the sidelobes in one side are lower than those of the other side. It is also essential to produce difference patterns with asymmetric structure from the boresight direction. These patterns are required to have null in the bore sight and high difference slope in the same direction. When these patterns are required from marine radars, the side lobes associated with the difference pattern on the either side of the boresight is at the different heights. In the present work, such useful patterns are generated from the newly designed arrays. The amplitude and phase distributions are designed for small and large arrays. The radiation patterns are numerically computed and they are presented in u- domain.