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Percepcja znaków na mapach gospodarczych w polskich atlasach szkolnych

Żyszkowska W.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

2009

T. 41, nr 1

17-27

W artykule omówiono problem percepcji znaków na mapach gospodarczych w polskich atlasach szkolnych w aspekcie zdolności uczniów do rozumienia i zapamiętywania informacji oraz różnic między atlasami szkolnymi trzech polskich wydawnictw: Nowa Era, Wiking i Demart. W drugiej części artykułu wykorzystano wyniki eksperymentu przeprowadzonego w ramach pracy magisterskiej w Zakładzie Kartografii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego.

The article discusses three issues concerning recognition and memorization of signs on economic maps in Polish school atlases: 1) linking symbols to the phenomena they represent, 2) form of signs (size, shape and color), 3) comparison of the analyzed atlases' functionality. To answer the above questions, an experiment was organized involving 218 elementary school pupils and students of Wrocław University 1st year of geography and 2nd year of cartographic specialization. The subject of research were economic maps prepared basing on maps from school atlases published by Demart, Nowa Era and Wiking publishing houses. Six fictional maps of mining and processing industry were edited in 1:7 500 000, each of them containing 7 signs from the analyzed atlases. Participants were presented with five tasks: 1) linking explanations to particular signs, 2) evaluation of the size of sign groups (too large, too small, correct size), 3) evaluation of association of signs with particular industry (yes, no, rather yes, rather no), remembering which sign shape was most common on maps of mining and processing industry and which colors were used for timber and clothing industries, 5) drawing of the best remembered sign for selected sectors of mining and processing industry. The experiment showed that the signs were well recognized, but it was much easier for participants to associate explanation with signs which showed chemical elements in circles. This supports the obsen/ations of P. Grohmann (1975) on the isomorphism of signs in map perception, as well as his suggestion that picture signs should be placed within closed figures. The results of drawing tasks also supports the views of J.C. Patton and TA. Slocum (1985) on the relative ease with which signs are recognized, but difficulty with which they are recreated. Most participants claimed that the signs on maps were of the right shape and circles, squares and sign colors were easily remembered. Not surprisingly, the number of correct answers grew with the level of education, and geometrie signs proved more difficult for younger participants. Comparison of the maps published by the three publishing houses showed that some sign groups were easier for participants, however it is difficult to announce a definite leader. This, in turn, proves that Polish school atlases are undoubtedly valuable teaching aids.