Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Effects of carrying handles, postures, materials and distances on carrying capability

Lee T. H., Yeh Y.-C.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

|

2015

|

Vol. 21, No. 3

250--255

EN

This study recruited 14 industrial workers to examine the effects of carrying handles, postures, materials and distances on maximum acceptable weights of carrying (MAWC), and resulting heart rate and body rating of perceived exertion (RPE) for a 20 min intensive carrying task. This study showed that MAWC of carrying with bar handles, carrying with hands-and-body posture, solid materials and 4 m distance were significantly higher than that of carrying with groove handles, carrying with hands posture, liquid materials and 8 m distance, respectively. The resulting heart rates while carrying MAWCs of groove handles, hands-and-body carrying posture, solid materials and 4 m distance were lower than the resulting heart rates while carrying MAWCs of bar handles, hands carrying posture, liquid materials and 8 m distance, respectively. Most pair levels of independent variables resulted in similar body's RPEs except for the pair levels of carrying distance.

2

Workplace Hazards and Prevention Options From a Nonrandom Sample of Retail Trade Businesses

Anderson V. P., Chun H.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

|

2014

|

Vol. 20, No. 1

181--195

EN

Employer commitment is a key factor in an effective safety program, yet limited research has focused on the safety priorities of retail store managers. To address this, the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recruited 4 experienced ergonomists, who met and interviewed 9 retailers in different parts of the eastern USA. The reports from the 9 interviews were used to document the hazards facing retailers and the interventions they attempted. Those interviewed were managers/owners of establishments that ranged from a small bakery with 11 employees to a supermarket with 85 or more employees. The main hazards across all establishments included overexertion, contact-with-objects, and falls-to-the-same-level. We also compared theretailers’ perceptions of safety hazards with injuries from actual hazards as supplied by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. This report provides insight into the retailers’ perceptions of safety hazards as well as their commitment to the prevention of workplace injuries.

3

Grip Force and Heart Rate Responses to Manual Carrying Tasks: Effects of Material, Weight, and Base Area of the Container

Lee T. H., Tseng C. Y.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

|

2014

|

Vol. 20, No. 3

377--383

EN

This study recruited 16 industrial workers to examine the effects of material, weight, and base area of container on reduction of grip force (ΔGF) and heart rate for a 100-m manual carrying task. This study examined 2 carrying materials (iron and water), 4 carrying weights (4.4, 8.9, 13.3, 17.8 kg), and 2 base areas of container (24 ´ 24 cm, 35 ´ 24 cm). This study showed that carrying water significantly increased ΔGF and heart rate as compared with carrying iron. Also, ΔGF and heart rate significantly increased with carrying weight and base area of container. The effects of base area of container on ΔGF and heart rate were greater in carrying water condition than in carrying iron condition. The maximum dynamic effect of water on ΔGF and heart rate occurred when water occupied ~60%–80% of full volume of the container.

4

Effect of Background Music on Maximum Acceptable Weight of Manual Lifting Tasks

Yu R.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

|

2014

|

Vol. 20, No. 3

437--445

EN

This study used the psychophysical approach to investigate the impact of tempo and volume of background music on the maximum acceptable weight of lift (MAWL), heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of participants engaged in lifting. Ten male college students participated in this study. They lifted a box from the floor, walked 1–2 steps as required, placed the box on a table and walked back twice per minute. The results showed that the tempo of music had a significant effect on both MAWL and HR. Fast tempo background music resulted in higher MAWL and HR values than those resulting from slow tempo music. The effects of both the tempo and volume on the RPE were insignificant. The results of this study suggest fast tempo background music may be used in manual materials handling tasks to increase performance without increasing perceived exertion because of its ergogenic effect on human psychology and physiology.

5

Occupational Risk Factors and Back Injury

Craig B. N., Congleton J. J., Beier E., Kerk C. J., Amendola A. A., Gaines W. G.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

|

2013

|

Vol. 19, No. 3

335--345

EN

Twenty-one risk factors affecting laborers in manual materials handling tasks were analyzed to determine what, if any, statistically significant relationships existed between the factors and the emergence of occupational back injury. The statistically significant risk factors (p ≤.05) in the univariate analysis were determined to be weight lifted per hour (work intensity), trunk twists per hour, weight lifted per day, frequency of lift, trunk motions per hour, and trunk flexions per hour, with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.28-2.88. In addition, self-reported discomfort in the neck, middle back, knees, and lower back was associated with the outcome of back injury (p ≤.05, OR 1.75-2.66). In the multivariate analysis, the statistically significant risk factors (p ≤.05) were weight lifted per hour (work intensity), average weight of lift, and number of trunk twists per hour, with ORs of 1.74-4.98.

6

Effects of Range and Mode on Lifting Capability and Lifting Time

Lee T. H.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

|

2012

|

Vol. 18, No. 3

387--391

EN

This study examined the effects of 3 lifting ranges and 3 lifting modes on maximum lifting capability and total lifting time. The results demonstrated that the maximum lifting capability for FK (from floor to knuckle height)was greater than that for KS (from knuckle height to shoulder height) or FS (from floor to shoulder height. Additionally, asymmetric lifting with initial trunk rotation decreased maximum lifting capability compared with symmetric lifting or asymmetric lifting with final trunk rotation. The difference in total lifting time between KS and FS was not significant, while FK increased total lifting time by ~20% compared with FS even though the travel distance was 50% shorter.

7

A Whole Body Postural Loading Simulation and Assessment Model for Workplace Analysis and Design

Rebelo F., Da Silva K. C., Karwowski W.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

|

2012

|

Vol. 18, No. 4

509--519

EN

This study reports on the development and validation of a new computer model for simulating human postures at work, and assessing the reaction forces and bending moments in 43 human articulation joints. The proposed model estimates the intradiscal pressure in the vertebral column in response to external loading forces encountered during human interactions with work objects or processes. The model was implemented in a selfcontained interactive software package. The simulation results compare favorably with the reported experimental data, and provide reasonable confidence in the quality of the model. Its characteristics and its applications in evaluating physical task performance are also discussed.