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1
Content available remote Advanced Maritime Technologies to Support Manoeuvring in Case of Emergencies - a Contribution to E-navigation Development
Baldauf M., Klaes S., Schroder-Hinrichs J.-U., Benedict K., Fischer S., Wilske E.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2011
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Vol. 5, no. 2
141--148
EN
Safe ship handling in every situation and under all prevailing circumstances of ship status and the environment is a core element contributing to the safety of the maritime transportation system. Especially in case of emergencies, there is a need for quick and reliable information to safely manoeuvre a ship e.g. to quickly return to the position of a Person-overboard (PoB) accident. Within this paper investigations into onboard manoeuvring support for Person-overboard accidents will be presented. Based on the analysis of se-lected accident case studies and existing solutions representing the technical state-of-the-art, shortcomings will be identified and discussed and a potential approach for advanced manoeuvring support in the context of e-Navigation based requirements will be introduced and discussed.
2
Content available remote Speciation of Population in Neuroevolutionary Ship Handling
Lacki M.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2010
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Vol. 4, no. 2
211--216
EN
This paper presents the idea of using machine learning techniques to simulate and demonstrate learning behavior in ship maneuvering. Simulated helmsman is treated as an individual in population, which through environmental sensing learns itself to navigate through restricted waters selecting an optimum trajectory. Learning phase of the task is to observe current situation and choose one of the available actions. The individual improves his fitness function with reaching destination and decreases its value for hitting an obstacle. Neuroevolutionary approach is used to solve this task. Speciation of population is proposed as a method to secure innovative solutions.
3
Content available remote Simulation of Load Distribution along a Quay during Unparallel Berthing Manoeuvres
Artyszuk J.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2010
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Vol. 4, no. 3
273--278
EN
The marine berths are normally secured for safety reasons with a system of fenders. Their role is to absorb and dissipate the kinetic energy of a ship coming into a contact with a berth, so the structural in-tegrity of both the berth and ship's hull is preserved. Normally the combination of a number and the single fender strength indicate the ship's maximum allowable lateral speed in parallel berthing conditions (of course, with a safety margin frequently taken into account). More or less directly and/or approximately, this is also a general selection method for fender systems. The main objective of this conference contribution, as inspired by some suggestions and needs within a domestic marine society since the author's developed and successfully implemented fender effect in ship manoeuvring simulation, is to analyse the local loads in a particular fender around the region of contact during an oblique berthing. Various conditions of ship's lateral and angu-lar velocities are tested. The results are compared with some practical shiphandling tips, as to be found in the literature, leading to a necessity of revision of the existing practice. The presented investigations are believed to be very helpful also for fender system designers.
4
Content available remote Problem of Stopping Vessel at the Waypoint for Full-Mission Control Autopilot
Morawski L., Nguyen-Cong V.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2010
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Vol. 4, no. 2
151--156
EN
The paper presents a controlling method to control vessel of a full mission autopilot at the transitional phase when vessel reduce speed from navigation speed down to manoeuvring speed while she accesses to the manoeuvring waypoint, where the vessel is started control in manoeuvring mode. The vessel is con-trolled by three propellers: the bow thruster, the stern thruster and the main propeller. The autopilot is designed with 5 fuzzy logic controllers. It works in Matlab-Simulink and tested on a scaled physical model of a tanker in the lake environment.
5
Content available remote On the Control of CPP Ships by Steering During In-Harbour Ship-Handling
Yabuki H., Yoshimura Y.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2010
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Vol. 4, no. 2
157--162
EN
This paper describes the results of experimental and simulation studies that aimed at developing effective control methods for single-CPP single-rudder ships during the coasting manoeuvre and the stopping manoeuvre. In order to improve the manoeuvrability of CPP ships under coasting, the authors performed full-scale experiments and confirmed that CPP ships under coasting using the Minimum Ahead Pitch (MHP) of CPP are controllable by steering. A simulation study was also conducted to evaluate the ship-handling method during the stopping manoeuvre that applies a turning moment to the ship by the maximum rudder angle steering prior to the reversing operation of the CPP and it is confirmed that CPP ships can be controlled sufficiently by the proposed method.
6
Content available remote New Black Sea Terminal of Port Kulevi and it Navigating Features
Gegenava A., Varshanidze N., Khaidarov G.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2010
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Vol. 4, no. 4
391--396
EN
In May, 2007 in Georgia the new Black Sea Terminal (including the complex of a railway junction, capacities for storage of oil) was opened in the port Kulevi. Necessity of creation of the named terminal in Georgia was caused by following factors: 1. The necessity of search and the creation new alternative ways of safe transportation of oil to Europe; 2. A favourable geographical position of Georgia - Asia, the Near East and Europe crossroads; 3. Presence of already existed means of communication between Georgia and oil-producing regions - Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan. Choosing the port and terminal place it was necessary to be guided first of all by maintenance of safety navi-gation and minimum expenses from the point of view of an economic profit. That is why the special attention was paid to search of a natural reservoir with an exit in the sea. This article deals with the questions of construction of the oil terminal, maintenance of port Kulevi with means of the navigating aids and features of entering and leaving vessels.
7
Content available remote Fuzzy Fast Time Simulation Model of Ship's Manoeuvring
Zalewski P.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2010
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Vol. 4, no. 1
25--28
EN
The paper presents a concept of fuzzy FTS (fast time simulation) model of twin-screw ship manoeuvring autonomously (without tugs) in confined waters. The conceptual model has been based on the fuzzy logic controller with expert database formed by manoeuvres obtained from the real-time non-autonomous trials classified in relation to expert manoeuvre impact on ship’s advance, lateral and rotation speed and her position in reference to the present ship status. Exemplary pitch controller for vessels with two propellers at specified hydro-meteorological conditions has been presented.
8
Content available remote Computer Vision and Ship Traffic Analysis: Inferring Maneuver Patterns From the Automatic Identification System
Moan T., Aarsæther K.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2010
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Vol. 4, no. 3
303--308
EN
The Automatic Identification System has proven itself as a valuable source for ship traffic information. Its introduction has reversed the previous situation with scarcity of precise data from ship traffic and has instead posed the reverse challenge of coping with an overabundance of data. The number of time series available for ship manoeuvring analysis has increased from tens, or hundreds, to several thousands. Sifting through this data manually, either to find the salient features of traffic, or to provide statistical distribu-tions of decision variables is an extremely time consuming procedure. In this paper we present the results of applying computer vision techniques to this problem and show how it is possible to automatically separate AIS data in order to obtain traffic statistics and prevailing features down to the scale of individual manoeuvres and how this procedure enables the production of a simplified model of ship traffic.
9
Content available remote Analysis of the Influence of Current on the Manoeuvres of the Turning of the Ship on the Ports Turning-Basins
Kornacki J.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2010
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Vol. 4, no. 4
397--402
EN
The paper presents the problem of the influence of current on ship during the manoeuvre of the turning and influence on this manoeuvre. The test of the different qualification of the influence of current on the manoeuvre of the turning of the ship was undertaken. The analysis of the influence of the current was conducted on this manoeuvre.
10
Content available remote Use of Simulation for Optimizing Manoeuvres in Constantza Port
Barsan E.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2008
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Vol. 2, no. 1
23--28
EN
Constantza Maritime University had won a two year research grant, financed by the Romanian Government through the National University Research Council, for optimization of the Constantza port fairway and assessment of maneuvering procedures for handling of very large ships. The actual port fairway could not ensure safe navigation for ships with a draught greater than 13 meters, and also in the container terminal area, the actual maximum depth is 11meters. In a port without tide, the unique solution is to deepen and enlarge the existing fairway. The aim of our paper is to present the working hypothesis and methodology, which we used for creating the ship handling simulator maneuvering scenarios for very large ships. Validation and assessment of these scenarios, in order to establish the optimum shape and dimensions of the redrawn fairway, were done in cooperation with Constantza port pilots and VTS operators.
11
Content available remote The Environmental Effects of Projected Container Terminal to the Safely Manoeuvring
Yurtören C., Duru O., Satir T.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2008
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Vol. 2, no. 1
93--97
EN
This paper investigates vessel traffic risks that are exposed by a new port installation. A vessel traffic risk analysis was performed by the Ship Handling Simulator team for container terminal installation in Izmit Bay. The main purpose is to evaluate whether the container terminal project shall affect the proper operation of nearside Oil Refinery Terminal. Construction and revision of shore structures may form significant threats for masters in ports and narrow waterways. The Ship handling simulator of ITUMF presents the environmental objects’ effects, vessel traffic and weather conditions. Furthermore, the Environmental Stress Model of Inoue (2000) may give an opportunity to analyse vessel traffic risks quantitatively by SHS.
12
Content available remote Ship Control in Manoeuvring Situations with Fuzzy Logic Controllers
Morawski L., Nguyen-Cong V.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2008
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Vol. 2, no. 1
77--84
EN
In this paper, the ship control regulator in manoeuvring situation is presented. It consists of three fuzzy logic controllers. Each controller controls one of motions: turning, transverse and longitude motion of a ship. The regulator is built in the simulink of Matlab with the graphical interface. All experiments are performed in the Matlab environment with the ship simulation.
13
Content available remote Combination of Processing Methods for Various Simulation Data Sets
Gucma M.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2008
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Vol. 2, no. 1
11--15
EN
Computer based simulations can be used for assessment of traffic lane perimeters, and an actual level of risk at given area and given conditions. Navigational risk is defined as the product of probability of failure occurrence and the consequences it can cause. Additionally, the definition of risk was supplemented by relative frequency of performing the maneuver in given conditions and in given time t. In article method of simulation data possessing for maneuvers of approaching and entering to port, on base of specific vessels, is presented. Autonomous and non autonomous simulation methods are used for obtaining data sets, are supported in presented software solution, as well as restrictions in its implementation.
14
Content available remote The use of backstepping method to ship course controller
Witkowska A., Smierzchalski R.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2007
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Vol. 1, no. 3
313--318
EN
The article systematises and perform approaches the new concept of the ship autopilot in which control rules are derived for nonlinear controllers designed with the aid of the backstepping method and used for controlling the ship’s motion on its course. The objectives, approaches and problems were described. The design is very interesting has goals to create closed-loop systems with desirable stability properties in the regulation and tracking problems with a uniform asymptotic stability, rather than analyze the properties of a given system. The symulation were performed on the tanker model and were comparised in the system with PD controller.
15
Content available remote The model of ship movement while touching the sea-bed
Galor W.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2007
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Vol. 1, no. 4
413--418
EN
When a ship hits the sea-bed then it’s hull pressing on ground. It caused the reversible passive ground reaction. The consequences of such event can result the ships hull damage. The paper presents of detailed model of ships movement while touching the ground. The pressure on ship hull and parameters of trajectory (ploughing and penetration) are determined.
16
Content available remote Some problems of berthing of ships with non-conventional propulsions
Koziol W., Galor W.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2007
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Vol. 1, no. 3
319--324
EN
The berthing manoeuvre of ship is the last stage of navigation process. The safety of berthing depends on velocity due impact the quay. In case of ships with non-conventional propulsion (mainly two stern screws and few thrust propellers) the berthing manoeuvres are different then other ships. The paper presents an analysis the kind of ships power and their manoeuvrability features in aspect of safety berthing.
17
Content available remote Internet based integration of multi-ship handling simulators with IP multicast
Chen J., Shao S., Hu Q., Zhang M.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2007
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Vol. 1, no. 1
25--29
EN
IP multicast is a cost-effective method to accelerate data transmission rate and reduce network delay as well. This paper presents an improved IP multicast method to realize the interaction of internet based multi-ship handling simulators. The result of the experiments shows that with the new method, the availability of network resources and compatibility of the systems are tremendously enhanced.
18
Content available remote Depth optimization of designed new ferry berth
Gucma S., Jankowski S.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2007
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Vol. 1, no. 4
407--412
EN
Increasing sea ferries traffic on Baltic Sea has in the recent years motivated the design of larger ferries. Currently the lengths of the most ferries, which call at port of Świnoujście, do not exceed the limit of 170 meters. The new projected ferry berth will be adopted for ferries with LOA equal 220 and even 230 meters. It is obvious that propeller of that sea ferries will produce a propeller stream with greater velocity and initial diameter as well, particularly that they will maneuver without any tugs. That water jet can much easier cause bottom erosion especially at mooring berth. This article is a presentation of depth optimization process at berth No 1 of Sea Ferries Terminal (SFT) in port of Świnoujście.
19
Content available remote Combined maneuvering analysis, AIS and full-mission simulation
Aarsæther K. G., Moan T.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2007
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Vol. 1, no. 1
31--36
EN
This paper deals with a method for identifying the main parameters of a maneuver using both real-time full mission simulators and positioning data obtained from the Automatic Identification System of the same area. The effort required for experiments in real time maneuvering is naturally larger than the effort required to collect already available data. Analysis of both data sources is presented. We show how the curvature of the ships track can be related to the wheel-over point and further used to estimate the main parameters of a course-changing maneuver. The southern approach to the Risavika harbor in the southwest of Norway is used as a demonstration. The approach angle and turning circle diameter was accurately identified in both AIS and simulator data, but significant navigational markings was only quantifiable in simulator data.
20
Content available remote Analytical model of position uncertainty of ship’s plan geometry in integrated navigation system
Tomczak A.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2007
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Vol. 1, no. 2
187--191
EN
For safety reason it would be essential to apply uncertainty of ship’s contour position in safety evaluation of maneuvers carried out on basis of INS (Integrated Navigation Systems) indications, instead of real dimensions of the ship’s contour. The paper presents analytical method of ship’s plan geometry (contour) uncertainty area determination. The model was used to determine uncertainty area of ship maneuvering in Świnoujście harbor for typical configuration of navigational equipment applied in existing pilot systems. The results of experiment were discussed. The model equations were derived from measurement error propagation theory. Potential application of uncertainty area as safety zone around ship contour was appointed.
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