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1

Mollusc faunas of lake deposits in Gorzów Wielkopolski (NW Poland) as an indicator of environmental changes during Eemian and Early Weichselian

Alexandrowicz Witold Paweł, Skoczylas Sylwia, Sobczyk Artur, Stefaniak Krzysztof, Kotowski Adam, Przybylski Bogusław, Ciszek Dariusz, Badura Janusz, Urbański Krzysztof

Geological Quarterly

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2021

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Vol. 65, No. 3

art. no. 36

EN

During the construction of the S-3 road near Gorzów Wielkopolski, a sedimentary succession of the Eemian Interglacial and the older part of the Weichselian Glaciation were exposed. The succession, ~22 m thick, consists of lacustrine and fluvioglacial deposits. Lake sediments, mainly calcareous gyttja with peat intercalations, represent the infills of two palaeolakes. The almost complete skeleton of a forest rhinoceros, Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis, and a bone of the fallow deer Dama dama were found in the older lake deposits. Mollusc shells were numerous in both lake sequences, analysis of which revealed two types of assemblage, representing the coastal, littoral zone of a shallow lake with a muddy bottom. The sequence of mollusc communities observed in vertical succession allowed reconstruction of environmental changes during deposition. Several hydrological changes have been recognized within the palaeolake, especially water level fluctuations probably due to climate change.

2

Malakofauna martwicy wapiennej we wsi Rybna koło Krakowa (południowa Polska) jako wskaźnik zmian środowiska południowej krawędzi wyżyny krakowsko-częstochowskiej

Alexandrowicz Witold Paweł

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2021

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nr 478

1--14

PL

Liczne skorupki mięczaków znaleziono w odsłonięciu martwic wapiennych we wsi Rybna k. Krakowa. W 12 próbkach rozpoznano występowanie ponad 2500 okazów należących do 49 gatunków. W obrębie sekwencji malakologicznej możliwe było wydzielenie trzech zespołów faunistycznych. Najstarszy z nich (fauna M) odpowiada chłodnemu okresowi wczesnego holocenu i reprezentuje zacienione siedliska o dużej wilgotności, porośnięte krzewami lub rzadkimi lasami o znacznym udziale drzew iglastych. Jego cechą charakterystyczną jest obecność gatunków typowych dla zimnych faz klimatycznych. Drugi, młodszy zespół (fauna F) jest typowy dla ciepłego i wilgotnego klimatu fazy atlantyckiej. Charakteryzuje on siedliska zwartych lasów mieszanych i liściastych. Pojawiają się tu liczne formy o wysokich wymaganiach termicznych. Najmłodszy zespół (fauna O) wskazuje na rozległe antropogeniczne wylesienia na obszarze depozycji martwic wapiennych. Ta zmiana cech siedlisk przyrodniczych była prawdopodobnie związana z fazą intensywnego zasiedlenia okolic wsi Rybna i rozwoju rolnictwa we wczesnym średniowieczu.

EN

Numerous molluscan shells were found in an outcrop of calcareous tufa in the village of Rybna near Kraków. In 12 samples, over 2500 specimens belonging to 49 taxons were found. Three types of molluscan assemblages can be distinguished within the malacological sequences. The oldest of them (M-type fauna) corresponds to the cold period of the Early Holocene and represents shady habitats of significant moisture, covered with bushes or sparse coniferous forests. Its characteristic feature is the presence of cold-tolerant species typical for cold climate phases. The second, younger assemblage (F-type fauna) is typical for the warm and moist climate of the Atlantic Phase. It characterizes habitats of dense mixed and deciduous forests. Numerous forms of high thermal requirements are found here. The youngest assemblage (O-type fauna) implies extensive anthropogenic deforestations in the surrounding area. This change in the characteristics of natural environment was most likely associated with a phase of intense settlement in the village of Rybna and development of agriculture during the Middle Ages.

3

Late glacial and holocene environmental changes in the Southern Baltic Sea area based on malacofauna investigations

Krzymińska J., Koszka-Maroń D., Pikies R., Przezdziecki P.

Polish Geological Institute Special Papers

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2018

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Vol. 30

1--70

EN

Climate fluctuations and related crucial environmental changes in the Late Glacial and Holocene in the southern Baltic Sea area can be reconstructed by mollusc analyses. Lacustrine sediments host an association of molluscs and other fossils, including freshwater species such as: Armiger crista f. cristatus, Gyraulus laevis, Lymnaea peregra, Pisidium casertanum, Pisidium casertanum f. ponderosa, Pisidium milium, Pisidium nitidum, Pisidium obtusale f. lapponicum, Valvata cristata and Pisidium conventus, which indicate cold climate. Deposition in freshwater reservoirs continued during the Early Holocene. at that time, species characteristic of cold freshwater environments were accompanied by freshwater mollusc species that require higher temperatures: Bithynia tentaculata, Physa fontinalis and Pisidium amnicum. This suggests climate warming in the Preboreal period. These lacustrine sediments were partly destroyed and covered by marine sands during the Middle and Late Holocene. Good indicators of changing environmental conditions from freshwater to marine are the following marine species found in the sediments: Hydrobia ulvae, Hydrobia ventrosa, Cerastoderma glaucum, Mytilus edulis and Macoma balthica.

PL

Zmiany klimatyczne, a za tym daleko idące zmiany środowiska w późnym glacjale i holocenie na obszarze południowego Bałtyku mogą być wyjaśniane także przez badania fauny mięczaków. Na obszarze południowego Bałtyku w okresie późnego glacjału występowały gatunki słodkowodne wskazujące na klimat zimny, takie jak: Armiger crista f. cristatus, Gyraulus laevis, Lymnaea peregra, Pisidium casertanum, Pisidium casertanum f. ponderosa, Pisidium milium, Pisidium nitidum, Pisidium obtusale f. lapponicum, Valvata cristata, Pisidium conventus. Akumulacja jeziorna w słodkowodnych zbiornikach strefy przybrzeżnej kontynuowała się w okresie wczesnego holocenu. W tym czasie oprócz gatunków słodkowodnych, zimnolubnych pojawiły się gatunki mięczaków i małżoraczków słodkowodnych, o wyższych wymogach termicznych (Bithynia tentaculata, Physa fontinalis, Pisidium amnicum). Świadczy to o ociepleniu się klimatu w okresie preborealnym. Zrastanie przybrzeżnych zbiorników rozpoczęło się w okresie borealnym i trwało również w okresie atlantyckim. W tym czasie miały miejsce wlewy wód morskich do zbiorników. Wskaźnikiem tego jest liczne występowanie morskich gatunków takich jak: Hydrobia ulvae, Hydrobia ventrosa, Cerastoderma glaucum, Mytilus edulis, Macoma balthica. W osadach piaszczystych w okresie subborealnym i subatlantyckim zdecydowanie przeważała fauna morska.

4

Malacofauna of the Holocene tufa in the valley of the Ociemny Stream (Pieniny Mts., southern Poland)

Alexandrowicz W. P.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2017

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Vol. 43, no. 1

5--18

EN

A rich molluscan fauna was found in the outcrop of slope sediments and calcareous tufas in the valley of the Ociemny Stream in the Pieniny Mts. The malacological sequence identified there represents the entire Holocene, but it contains several stratigraphical gaps. From this viewpoint, it is a unique finding within the area studied. In nine samples, 11,000 specimens of 71 species of molluscs were identified. The ecological and zoogeographical diversity of the composition and structure enabled the separation of three faunistic assemblages. The oldest assemblage (with Discus ruderatus) corresponds with the cold period of the Early Holocene and represents shadowed habitats overgrown with the coniferous forests of the taiga type. Its characteristic feature is the presence of glacial relics (e.g. Vertigo genesii and Vertigo geyeri). The other younger fauna (with Discus perspectivus) is typical of the humid and warm climate of the Atlantic Phase. It is characteristic of the habitats of mixed and deciduous forests. Numerous Balkan and Mediterranean thermophilous forms appear in this assemblage. The youngest malacoenosis (with Bithynella austriaca) is typical for the historical times. The particular intervals containing molluscan fauna are separated by gaps corresponding to the erosion phases. Because of the land relief in the valley of the Ociemny Stream, which is not conducive to the development of human economy, no marked anthropogenic deforestation occurs.

5

Facies and fauna proxies to reconstruct the MIS 5 and MIS 7 coastal environments in Eastern Tunisia

Chakroun A., Zaghbib-Turki D.

Geological Quarterly

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2017

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Vol. 61, No. 1

186--204

EN

This study is based on the analysis of the sedimentology and the fossil assemblages of the Pleistocene deposits in Eastern Tunisia. It aims to establish the different fauna assemblages in order to highlight their paleoenvironments and discuss the importance of the Persististrombus latus distribution especially in the MIS 5e deposits around the Mediterranean Basin. The stratigraphic succession has been divided into two main units. The lower unit is quartz-rich sediment. Its lower marine term revealed well preserved species (Bivalves, Gastropods, Echinoids and Scirripedia) dominated by Acanthocardia, Cerastoderma, Parvicardium, Arca, Donax, Glycymeris, Loripes, Tellina and Cerithium. This fauna is representative of a typical association/biocenosis which may be developed in a sheltered bay, where the hydrodynamism is regularly moderate to low and/or quickly post-mortem buried. The upper unit is carbonated. Its basal term is also rich marine fauna which contains the extant tropical West African species Persististrombus latus. The occurrence of Persististrombus latus in this unit compared to its presence in the whole Mediterranean basin in the Late Pleistocene leads to question its importance in the interpretation of the climate warming during the Late Pleistocene, and to suggest its Atlantic origin.

6

Przemiany klimatyczno-środowiskowe w późnym glacjale i holocenie na podstawie badań zespołów malakofauny i małżoraczków na obszarze południowego Bałtyku : wpływ na ówczesne biocenozy

Krzymińska J., Pikies R., Przezdziecki P.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 1

49--58

EN

The climate changes and related crucial environmental changes in the Late Glacial and Holocene in the Southern Baltic area can be investigated by mollusc and ostracod analyses. It is well known that accumulation of mineral and biogenic sediments in the Southern Baltic area began in the Late Glacial. The process took place in cold tundra lakes and mires. The presence of lake basins is confirmed by seismoacoustic investigations and the resulting 3D spatial model. Lacustrine sediments contain an assemblage of molluscs and ostracod fauna represented by freshwater species indicating cold climate, such as: Armiger crista f. cristatus, Gyraulus laevis, Lymnaea peregra, Pisidium casertanum, Pisidium casertanum f. ponderosa, Pisidium milium, Pisidium nitidum, Pisidium obtusale f. lapponicum, Valvata cristata, Pisidium conventus, Candona candida, Candona neglecta, Cytherissa lacustris, Darwinula stevensoni and Cypridopsis vidua. The accumulation in freshwater reservoirs was continued during the Early Holocene. Besides cold freshwater species, sediments of that age also contain freshwater species of molluscs and ostracods that required higher temperature: Bithynia tentaculata, Physa fontinalis, Pisidium amnicum, Candona compressa and Metacypris cordata. It indicates a climate warming in the Preboreal period. These lake sediments were partly destroyed and covered by marine sands during the Middle and Upper Holocene. Good indicators of changing from a freshwater to marine environment are the following marine species found in the sediments: Hydrobia ulvae, Hydrobia ventrosa, Cerastoderma glaucum, Mytilus edulis, Macoma balthica, Cyprideis torosa and Cytheromorpha fuscata.

7

A long-term influence of anthropogenic alkalization on molluscs biodiversity in an area affected by cement industry : Świętokrzyskie Mountains, South-Central Poland

Barga-Więcławska J. A., Świercz A.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2015

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Vol. 41, no. 4

49--61

EN

The presented paper reports data from malacological and pedological studies carried out at sites representing diverse biotopes (beech wood, coniferous forest, and meadow) located 2 km away from the Dyckerhoff Cement Plant in Sitkówka-Nowiny in 1992 and in 2008–2009. The studies aimed to determine physicochemical properties of soils exposed to cement and limestone dust emission and to identify composition of snail communities inhabiting three different biotopes in relation to physicochemical properties of soils, and to grasp the dynamics of the alkalization-dependent changes in physicochemical properties of soils and their impact on the composition and ecological structure of malacofauna.

PL

Prezentowana praca przedstawia wyniki wieloletnich badań malakologicznych i gleboznawczych, które zostały przeprowadzone w zróżnicowanych biotopach (las, bór, łąka) znajdujących się do 2 km od emitora pyłów, Cementowni Dyckerhoff Sitkówka-Nowiny w latach: 1992–1993 oraz 2008–2009. Celem pracy było przedstawienie zmian właściwości fizyczno-chemicznych gleb, przekształconych pod wpływem alkalizacji, które zadecydowały o składzie gatunkowym malakofauny bytującej w 3 różnych biotopach.

8

Molluscan assemblages in Late Holocene deposits in Busko-Zdrój (Nida Basin, Southern Poland)

Alexandrowicz W. P., Gołas-Siarzewska M.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2013

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Vol. 39, no. 1

5--19

EN

Late Holocene deposits containing abundant and well-preserved malacofauna were exposed within the Spa Park in Busko-Zdrój. Molluscan shells were found in sand, dark muds and calcareous muds. Dark and calcareous muds are intercalated by fine-grained sand and peat devoid of malacofauna. Ali these deposits were accumulated on swampy, flat bottom of wide river valley. The result of radiocarbon dating has shown that the formation of the deposits started in the upper part of the Subboreal Phase. Numerous Late Medieval portery shards were found in several topmost profile sections. The identified malacofauna suggests that similar climatic and habitat conditions prevailed throughout the entire sedimentation period. Snails typical of open habitats, accompanied by hygrophilous taxa, play a dominant role. Mesophilous and aquatic taxa occur in accessory proportions, while shadow-loving forms are virtually absent.

9

Malacological characteristic of the Weichselian Upper Pleniglacial (MIS-2) loess profile in Tłumaczów (SW Poland)

Alexandrowicz W. P., Ciszek D., Gołas-Siarzewska M.

Geological Quarterly

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2013

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Vol. 57, No. 3

433–-442

EN

The profile of silty sediments in Tłumaczów was the subject of detailed lithological and malacological analyses. Abundant malacofauna represented by typical loess species were found in the sediments. The variability of the species composition and ecological structure of faunal assemblages provided the basis for the reconstruction of the sedimentary environment and characteristics of the climatic conditions that prevailed during the deposition of the sediments. The results of analyses indicate that the described sediments belong to the youngest loess series related to the Weichselian Upper Pleniglacial (MIS-2). The sequence of molluscan assemblages shows considerable similarities to the described faunas found in numerous loess profiles in southern Poland. It differs substantially from the malacological sequences recognized in loess profiles in Western and Southern Europe. This proves the significant and climate-determined diversification of malacocoenoses during the Weichselian Upper Pleniglacial (MIS-2) in Europe.

10

Malacofauna on coal - ash settling basins comparison of a functional basin to a basin abandoned for 26 years

Pech P., Fric Z. F.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 39, nr 3

73--85

EN

A composition of snail fauna in a functional coal-ash settling basin has been compared to that of a partly reclaimed coal-ash settling basin which had been abandoned for 26 years, using a nature reserve as a control. A total of 24 molluscan species were found at the control site, 21 species in the internal area of the abandoned settling basin and six species in the internal area of the functional settling basin. Numerous and relatively diverse malacofauna have become established on the abandoned coal ash settling basin, consisting mainly of high populations of a low number of widespread species.

11

Zmiany środowiska Niecki Nidziańskiej (południowa Polska) w świetle analizy malakologicznej martwic wapiennych w Pińczowie

Alexandrowicz W.P., Gołas-Siarzewska M.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2013

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nr 454

1--13

PL

Badania malakologiczne zostały przeprowadzone w odsłonięciu martwic wapiennych i deluwiów lessowych w Pińczowie na terenie Niecki Nidziańskiej. Zostały opisane bogate i zróżnicowane zespoły mięczaków. Ich skład gatunkowy i struktura odzwierciedlają zmiany środowiska sedymentacji osadów w późnym holocenie. Martwice wapienne utworzyły się w niewielkim zbiorniku wodnym powstałym na zapleczu grobli trawertynowej. Deluwia lessowe, stanowiące strop profilu, są związane z rozwojem procesów stokowych, wywołanych działalnością rolniczą człowieka. Wiek deluwiów został ustalony na podstawie datowania radiowęglowego i licznych fragmentów wyrobów ceramicznych na średniowiecze. Następstwo zespołów faunistycznych umożliwiło zdefiniowanie głównych faz zmian środowiska sedymentacyjnego, a także określenie roli wpływu człowieka na przebieg sedymentacji osadów oraz charakter i zróżnicowanie występujących w nich zespołów mięczaków. Stanowisko martwic w Pińczowie może służyć za modelowy profil przebiegu sedymentacji węglanowej w niewielkich jeziorkach zaporowych oraz zmian antropogenicznych środowiska.

EN

Malacological researches was conducted in an outcrop of calcareous tufa and loess diluvium found in Pińczów, in the Nida Basin. Rich and varied mollusc assemblages were described in detail. The species composition and structure indicates changes in the sedimentary environment during the late Holocene. Calcareous tufa accumulated in a small reservoir formed at the back of travertine dam. The uppermost part of the profile composed of loess diluvium, point out to the development of slope processes induced by human agricultural activity. This sediment accumulated in the Middle Ages as determined from radiocarbon dating and numerous findings of pottery. The succession of the faunal assemblages enables to define the major phases of changes in the sedimentary environment, determine the human impact on the sedimentation and describe the malacofauna diversity. The tufa profile from Pińczów can serve as a model section presenting the carbonate sedimentation process in small lakes and anthropogenic environmental changes.

12

Assemblages of molluscs from Sulisławice (Małopolska Upland, southern Poland) and their significance for interpretation of depositional conditions of calcareous tufas in small water bodies

Alexandrowicz W. P.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2012

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Vol. 82, No. 2

161–-176

EN

Small water bodies, occurring behind barriers across valleys, create very advantageous conditions for the sedimentation of calcareous tufas. These sediments usually contain rich and diversified malacocoenoses. The composition and structure of these associations are closely linked to environmental changes during the accumulation of the sediments. At the Sulisławice locality, the remnants of two barriers, composed of hard, calcareous tufa, were found. Behind them, sequences of granular, calcareous tufas were preserved, forming terraces, elevated up to 3 m above the level of the present stream bed. The age of the sediments was obtained from radiocarbon dating and is referable to the Atlantic Phase. The rich malacofauna, occurring in these tufas, permitted the recognition of four types of faunistic association, in a sequence that corresponds to phases in the development of the water bodies. Three of them are characterised by the dominance of aquatic species and permit the reconstruction of specific features of the body of water. In the fourth association, terrestrial species predominate. A detailed, malacological analysis was the basis for a model of the evolution of the water bodies, occurring behind the barriers. The model is more widely applicable to the sediments of similar origin, frequently found in upland regions of Poland and other parts of Europe.

13

Zespoły mięczaków w vistuliańskich lessach we wsi Chobrzany koło Sandomierza (południowa Polska)

Alexandrowicz W. P.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

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2011

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T. 37, z. 3

357-373

PL

Analizie malakologicznej poddano materiał muszlowy pochodzący z profilu lessów w Chobrzanach koło Sandomierza. Omawiany profil tworzy pionową ścianę o wysokości dochodzącej do 6.5 m. Górną część sekwencji tworzą typowe żółte lessy z pionowymi spękaniami przykryte przez współczesną glebę. W części dolnej pojawia się laminacja i konkrecje węglanowe. W omawianych osadach rozpoznano sześć gatunków ślimaków. Wszystkie one należą do grupy tzw. gatunków lessowych. Zmiany w składzie i strukturze fauny pozwoliły na wyróżnienie kilku zespołów odpowiadających cechom środowiska sedymentacyjnego, umożliwiających rekonstrukcje paleoklimatyczne i stratygraficzne. Wyniki analiz wskazują, że omawiane osady można zaliczyć do najmłodszej serii lessowej (lessów młodszych górnych) związanych z pleniglacjałem zlodowacenia Wisły.

EN

Malacological analysis was conducted on shell material from loess profile in Chobrzany village located near Sandomierz. This particular profile represents a vertical wall, up to 6.5 m high. Its upper part is composed of typical, yellow loess with vertical cracks covered by recent soil. In the lower interval the occurrence of poorly visible lamination and carbonate concretions is observed. Six species of snails were identified. These belong to the so-called "loess species". Several types of molluscan communities can be distinguished on the basis of faunistic changes. These molluscs' assemblages correspond with the palaeoenvironment and they allow for palaeoclimatic and stratigraphical reconstructions. The results of malacological analysis indicate that the loesses in Chobrzany could belong to the youngest loess sequence (Upper Younger Loess), which were deposited during Pleniglacial Phase of Vistulian.

14

Malakofauna osadów jeziornych torfowiska Gajlik na Pojezierzu Sejneńskim (północno-wschodnia Polska)

Alexandrowicz W. P., Żurek S.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

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2010

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T. 36, z. 4

491-504

PL

Analizie malakologicznej poddano skorupki ślimaków i małży występujące w gytiach wapiennych i kredach jeziornych wypełniających torfowisko Gajlik na Pojezierzu Sejneńskim. W sześciu analizowanych próbkach stwierdzono występowanie 13 gatunków mięczaków wodnych. Obserwowane zmiany składu i struktury zespołu mięczaków uzupełnione wynikami analiz palinologicznych i radiometrycznych pozwoliły na rekonstrukcję ewolucji torfowiska Gajlik w okresie późnego glacjału i dolnego holocenu. Skorupki mięczaków występowały wyłącznie w osadach związanych z cieplejszym i okresami (interfaza alleröd oraz preborealna i borealna faza holocenu). Nie pojawiały się one natomiast w osadach zimnych okresów późnego glacjału.

EN

Malacological analysis was conducted on snails and bivalve shells present in calcareous gytia and lacustrine chalk of the Gajlik mire in the Sejny Lake District. Thirteen species of water molluscs were identified within six analyzed samples. Changes observed in the structure and composition of molluscs, supplemented by palynological data, and the results of radiocarbon datings allowed for the reconstruction of the mire's evolution during Late Glacial and Early Holocene period. Molluscs' shells occurred solely in sediments associated with warmer periods (interphase Alleröd and Preboreal-Boreal phases of Holocene). Additionally, they were not present in sediments associated with cold Late Glacial periods.

15

A new find of mammoth tusk in loess-like sediments of the Zakliczyn Basin (Outer Western Carpathians, Poland)

Cieszkowski M., Zuchiewicz W., Alexandrowicz W. P., Wojtal P.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2010

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Vol. 80, No 1

89-99

EN

In June 2007, in a valley side of a small stream close to Janowice in the Western Outer Carpathians of Poland, a 1.8 m long mammoth tusk was found within loamy-debris solifluction sediments, ca. 1 m thick. These discordantly overlie a 4-m-high strath built up of steeply dipping sandstones of the Krosno beds of the Skole Nappe, being in turn covered by 7.5-m-hick loessial silts and loess-like slopewash sediments. The latter are overlain at the top by another solifluction cover, ca. 1.5 m thick. The mammoth tusk belonged to an adult animal, probably 30-60 years old. The succession of malacofaunistic assemblages within loess-like sediments indicates a cold, polar climate, and an environment resembling tundra developed upon moderately moist substratum during the last glacial stage. The lower part of malacological sequence enriched in mesophile species probably refers to the Vistulian (Weichselian) interpleniglacial period. The middle part, indicative of more dry habitats, can be associated with the younger Pleniglacial, whereas the top part should represent the terminal phase of the latter. Sediments bearing the mammoth tusk were probably deposited at the turn of the Vistulian older Pleniglacial and Interpleniglacial time.

16

Malakofauna górnoholoceńskich martwic wapiennych w Beskidach Zachodnich (południowa Polska)

Alexandrowicz W. P.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

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2009

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T. 35, z. 2

175-200

PL

Górnoholoceńskie martwice wapienne występują pospolicie na obszarze Beskidów Zachodnich. Często, choć nie zawsze, zawierają one miej lub bardziej bogate zespoły mięczaków. Analiza malakologiczna przeprowadzona została na podstawie materiału pochodzącego z 33 stanowisk reprezentowanych przez 59 próbek. Pozwoliła ona na opis najbardziej charakterystycznych zespołów mięczaków. Zostały wydzielone cztery typy i trzy podtypy fauny różniące się między sobą strukturą i składem gatunkowym. Malakofauna rozpoznana w omawianych osadach węglanowych jest ściśle uzależniona od lokalnych warunków. Spośród 68 rozpoznanych gatunków tylko kilka występowało licznie i w wielu profilach, podczas gdy pozostałe miały znaczenie akcesoryczne. Badania nad górnoholoceńskimi martwicami wapiennymi mają duże znaczenie dla rozpoznania mechanizmów tworzenia takich osadów węglanowych i zróżnicowania zespołów fauny. Stanowią one także podstawę rozważań aktuopaleontologicznych istotnych dla interpretacji paleogeograficznych i paleoekologicznych martwic holocenu oraz późnego glacjału występujących w południowej Polsce.

EN

Upper Holocene calcareous tufa occur commonly in the Western Beskidy Mts. Often, at least not always they contain more or less rich and differentiated molluscan assemblages. Malacological analysis was carried out on the basis of material collected from 33 localities represented by 59 samples. The most typical communities of snails and bivalves were characterized. Four types and three subtypes of fauna differing oneself in structure and species composition have been distinguished. Malacofauna recognized in discussed calcareous deposits is closely depended on local conditions. The whole material comprises 68 species, but only a few of them occur in large numbers and in many profiles, while the remaining ones had only accesorical importance. Malacological investigations of Upper Holocene calcareous tufa are important for recognizing mechanisms of deposition such calcareous sediments and differentiation of molluscan assemblages. They can be useful for actuopelaeontological analysis essential for palaeogeographical and palaeoecological interpretations of tufas of Holocene and Late Glacial age occurred in Southern Poland.

17

Malacofauna of Late Quaternary lacustrine deposits at Osłonki (Kujawy, Central Poland)

Alexandrowicz S. W.

Folia Quaternaria

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2008

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nr 78

51-69

EN

Successions of mollusc assemblages were described from two borehole cores drilled in the archaeological site at Osłonki. They indicate changes of sedimentary conditions and the environment in particular parts of the ancient melt-basin during Late Glacial and Holocene time. The section of lake sediments of pre-Allerod - Subboreal age, passing upwards into younger ones and deposited within swamps and marches, represents the south-western part of the basin. In the north-western part the deposition began some time later, but not before Allerod. Initially it took place on swampy and flooded meadows, which were transformed into a lake existing during the Early and Middle Holocene and drying up in the Late Holocene. The human impact had a substantial influence on the temporary impoverishment of the mollusc fauna.

18

Kamieniołomy surowców węglanowych w regionie świętokrzyskim przykładem korytarzy ekologicznych

Barga-Więcławska J. A.

Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria

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2007

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R. 31, z. 3/1

53-63

PL

Badanie malakofauny i roślinności kamieniołomów węglanowych w regionie świętokrzyskim przeprowadzono w latach 1990-2005. W artykule wyróżniono hałdy i wyrobiska wskazując na różnice warunków ekologicznych na zwałach i w wyrobiskach. Wykazano duży udział gatunków południowych. Kamieniołomy surowców węglanowych stanowią drogę migracji roślin i ślimaków. Interesującym przykładem wyjątkowych walorów przyrodnicznych historycznych terenów pogórniczych jest wzgórze Karczówka w Kielcach - teren eksploatacji galeny w utworach węglanowych. Tereny przekształcone górniczo są miejscem występowania rzadkich i zagrożonych wyginięciem gatunków roślin i ślimaków. Malakofauna przestrzeni pogórniczej stanowi obraz przeobrażeń zachodzących w środowisku przyrodniczym regionu.

EN

Studies of malacofauna and vegetation in quarries of carbonate rocks in the Swiętokrzyskie region were carried out in the period between 1999-2005. The investigations were conducted on waste heaps and workings, and demonstrated the differences in ecological conditions between heaps and workings. Snail studies were performed using the quantitative method. The study revealed the presence of 57 snail species which constitutes 58% of all snail species occurring in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains. The most abundant snail communities were observed in the "Zygmuntówka" quarry, in "Miedzianka" and "Wietrznia" quarries, and in the area of the historical galena mine on Karczówka in Kielce. Terrains changed by mining are habitats of rare and endangered plant and snail species. The following snail species should be mentioned: Cecilioides acicula, Clausilia bidentata, Acantinula aculeate, Trichi lubomirski, Helix pomatia and Helix lutescens. Nine southern species were identified. Malacofauna of post-mining areas is a manifestation of transformations progressing in natural environment of our region.

19

Palaeoenvironmental and climatic changes during the early pleistocene recorded in the lacustrine-boggy-fluvial sediments at Komorniki, NE Poland

Khursevich G., Nita M., Ber A., Sanko A., Fedenya S.

Polish Geological Institute Special Papers

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2005

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Vol. 16

35--44

EN

The lacustrine-boggy-fluvial sequence at Komorniki, NE Poland was subject to complex (geological, palynological, diatomological and malacological) investigations. These sediments occur between the Narevian and Nidanian glaciations tills and belong to the Augustovian Interglacial of Poland correlated with the Cromerian 1 Interglacial of the Netherlands. Two cold stages of a glacial rank and one warm stage of interglacial rank (with dominant pollen of Quercus, Ulmus, Carpinus, Alnus, Tilia and Corylus in sediments corresponding to the climatic optimum) have been distinguished in the pollen succession. The latter is similar to that known from the Augustovian Interglacial profiles at Szczebra, Kalejty and Czarnucha. Diatom succession from the Komorniki section includes certain unidentified, apparently new small species of Stephanodiscus, Staurosirella and Pseudostaurosira side be side with the Pleistocene extinct taxon of Stephanodiscus niagarae var. insuetus and a relatively widespread species of S. rotula characterizing by some morphological peculiarities. In the composition of the malacofauna the fluvial extinct species of Fagotia wuesti and Sphaerium cf. rivicola are the most important molluscs for the biostratigraphy. Among them, Sphaerium cf. rivicola is known from the late Tiglian in the Netherlands. Fagotia wuesti is characteristic of the Bavel Interglacial in the Netherlands, as well as of the Borntal and Artern interglacials in Germany.

20

Molluscan assemblages of Late Glacial and Holocene calcareous tufas in southern Poland

Alexandrowicz W.P.

Folia Quaternaria

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2004

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nr 75

309-309

EN

The calcareous tufas and travertines of the Weichselian Late Glacial and Holocene age host very abundant and diversified molluscan assemblages. Most of the 80 studies localities are located in southern Poland, namely in the Carpathians and in the zone of Mid-Polish Uplands. Malocological analysis has enabled for distinguishing several types of molluscan assemblages and detailed description of their stratigraphic sequences. The malacological sequences reflect environmental changes during the last 12,000 years caused by both natural factors (mainly climatic oscillations) and anthropopressure. Moreover, these results allow one to characterize the differences and similarities among geographical regions, and to select phases during which increased migration took place. The possibility of malacostratigraphic subdivision of the Late Glacial and Holocene is particulary important for Quaternary stratigraphy, Malacological data, which are the basis for interpretation, have been supplemented by the results of palynological, isotopic, and archaelogical studies, as well as by the results of radiocarbon datings