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Logics for Modelling Collective Attitudes

Porello D.

Fundamenta Informaticae

2018

Vol. 158, nr 1/3

239--275

We introduce a number of logics to reason about collective propositional attitudes that are defined by means of the majority rule. It is well known that majoritarian aggregation is subject to irrationality, as the results in social choice theory and judgment aggregation show. The proposed logics for modelling collective attitudes are based on a substructural propositional logic that allows for circumventing inconsistent outcomes. Individual and collective propositional attitudes, such as beliefs, desires, obligations, are then modelled by means of minimal modalities to ensure a number of basic principles. In this way, a viable consistent modelling of collective attitudes is obtained.

Cognitive effort of voters under three different voting methods - an experimental study

Malawski M., Przybyszewski K., Sosnowska H.

Operations Research and Decisions

2010

Vol. 20, No. 3-4

69-79

This paper deals with the comparison of the processes of decision making by voters under the approval voting rule (in two variants: classical and categorization) and majority rule. Under the majority rule, each voter chooses a single alternative. Under approval voting, they can vote for as many alternatives as they wish. Under the categorization method, they divide alternatives into three groups: approvable, not approvable and neutral. We conducted a process tracing experiment with respondents choosing an office manager from 13 candidates characterized by 14 attributes. The process of collecting information on candidates from the data presented on the screen was observed by a coordinator. For this experiment, the concept of cognitive effort was defined as the quantity of information gathered. The cognitive effort made under the three methods was compared. The highest cognitive effort was observed in the case of the categorization method and the lowest in the case of approval voting.