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PL
Jednym z ważniejszych zadań związanych z wdrożeniem ustaleń Ramowej Dyrektywy Wodnej oraz planowaniem i gospodarowaniem wodami w obszarach regionów wodnych i ochroną wód podziemnych w Polsce jest wyznaczenie i ustanowienie obszarów ochronnych głównych zbiorników wód podziemnych (GZWP). W 2009 r., na zamówienie Krajowego Zarządu Gospodarki Wodnej został uruchomiony 6-letni program udokumentowania obszarów ochronnych 116 zbiorników. Przeprowadzona analiza obowiązujących aktów prawnych wskazuje na konieczność podjęcia pilnych inicjatyw legislacyjnych, które powinny usprawnić proces ustanawiania obszarów ochronnych GZWP, przyśpieszyć proces ich wdrażania oraz ułatwić egzekwowanie wprowadzonych wymogów ochronnych. Główne kierunki działań w tym zakresie obejmują uzupełnienie ustawy Prawo wodne, między innymi o wykaz nakazów, zakazów i ograniczeń możliwych do wprowadzenia w celu ochrony zbiornika, a także opracowanie i wdrożenie aktu prawnego dotyczącego szczegółowych zasad ustanawia obszaru ochronnego. Niezbędne jest także doprowadzenie do wzajemnej zgodności przepisów dotyczących planowania przestrzennego i planowania w gospodarce wodnej.
EN
The establishment of the protection areas of the main groundwater reservoirs is one of the important tasks for the implementation of the Frame Water Directive as well as for the planning, water management and water protection in Poland. In 2009 at the National Water Board order the 6 year program was initiated to document protection areas for 116 reservoirs. The carried out analysis of the existing legal regulations revealed the necessity to undertake urgent legislative initiatives which should improve the process of establishing the MGR protection areas. The implementation of these initiatives should be accelerated and the enforcement of the protection measures should be facilitated. The main actions in this respect are to supplement the Water Law with among others the list of orders, bans and limitations possible to be introduced to protect a reservoir. A legal regulation must be elaborated and implemented as far as the detailed principles of the protection area establishment are concerned. It is necessary to make land use planning regulations and water management planning regulations compatible.
EN
The area of the GWB (groundwater body) No. 23 is a part of West Pomeranian and Lubusz Voivodeships and the water region of the Lower Odra and Przymorze Zachodnie. It includes districts: gryfiński, myśliborski, pyrzycki and gorzowski. The geological conditions of the study area are visibly corresponding to the deep tectonic structures of Szczecin basin and Gorzów block. Fresh groundwater is occurring here in porous sediments of the Quaternary, Neogene and Paleogene and fissured-porous rocks of the Upper Cretaceous. In the area of Szczecin basin, structures of Cretaceous aquifers are associated with Mesozoic secondary anticlines. In the Odra valley the aquifers are constituted from shallow laying Quaternary sediments (depth: 10 to 50 m). Thickness of Upper Cretaceous marbles leading fresh water does not exceed 30 m. The primal structures of the youngest sediments of Neogene- Miocene (-50 to -80 m above sea level) were disrupted during the earlier glaciations. During this geological period many of the geomorphological forms - egzaration depressions and glacitectonic extrusions formed from the Paleogene and Neogene sediments, and also elevations built from xenoliths coming from deeper rock bed, were formed by the complex of different geomorphological processes. The sediments of Neogene-Miocene have variable thickness, from a few meters within the deep erosion structures, up to 200 m within the Tertiary elevations. The Quaternary aquifers occur in multilayer system of groundwater layers constituted by fluvioglacial and fluvial sedimentation (sand and gravel) during successive glaciations and interglacials. Aquifers are often divided in multiple different layers, isolated by low-permeable layers of clays or glacial silts and proglacial clays. There are selected few regional aquifers: four Quaternary aquifers - first unconfined; upper, interior and lower intertill aquifers; two Miocene - upper and lower aquifers and one Cretaceous aquifer. The thickness of individual aquifer is variable; it's locally up to 50 m. The GWB No. 23 aquifers were aggregated to 3 levels (hydrogeological zones) belonging to different systems of groundwater flow: I level - first unconfined and upper intertill aquifer (locally Cretaceous aquifer); II level - interior intertill aquifer; III - lower intertill aquifer and upper Miocene aquifer. Because of the multilayer character, the GWB No. 23 groundwater system is very rich in water.
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