Artykuł opisuje wpływ pogody kosmicznej na zakłócenia (niekiedy na ogromną skalę) w przesyle energii elektrycznej. Przedstawia przykłady światowych awarii elektroenergetycznych, które pozbawiły prądu wiele milionów ludzi i doprowadziły do uszkodzenia infrastruktury przesyłowej (m.in. spalone transformatory przesyłowe). Autorzy wyjaśniają powstawanie prądów indukowanych geomagnetycznie GIC1 i ich wpływ na transformatory, podając jednocześnie środki zaradcze zapobiegające negatywnym wpływom tych prądów. Proponują także listę działań, gdyby zaistniało prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia burz magnetycznych w Polsce. Jednak dotychczas (w latach 1980-2011) nie stwierdzono wpływu burz słonecznych na Krajowy System Elektroenergetyczny.
EN
The impact of magnetic (or solar) storms on power system operation has been long under debate in the electricity sector. Initially, scientists claimed that such phenomena might occur during the night only, at the peak of solar activity, and might be of issue only in higher latitudes. However, experience gained over the recent years shows that the risk of magnetic storms affecting the electromagnetic system is likely to occur in both the hemispheres and in many different countries, including those located in moderate latitudes. So far, no influence of the solar storms on the National Power System in the years 1980-2011 has been detected.
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Over the last two decades, models of the Earth’s magnetospheric magnetic field have been continuously improved to describe more precisely the different magnetospheric current systems (magnetopause current, symmetric and partial ring currents, tail currents and field aligned currents). In this paper we compare the different Tsyganenko models and the Alexeev and Feldstein model in the context of cosmic ray physics. We compare the vertical cutoff rigidity and asymptotic direction of vertical incidence obtained with these models for the January 20, 2005, ground level enhancement and for the big magnetic storm of April 6, 2000. For the event of January 20, 2005, we study the impact of the differences in asymptotic direction obtained with the models on the radiation dose computation at aircraft altitude. For the magnetic storm of April 6, 2000, we discuss the importance of the different magnetospheric current systems in causing cutoff rigidity variations. Finally we summarise the advantages and drawbacks of the different models in the context of space weather.
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The October-November 2003 geomagnetic storm has been regarded as the third most powerful event on record. The series of solar flares and coronal mass ejections that occurred between October 26 and November 20, 2003 had extraordinary effects on Earth's upper atmospheric and space environments for example aurora at middle and low latitudes. A set of comprehensive data has been collected both from space and from ground to study this event. A brief overview of these observations has been presented. Many effects of this solar storm has been also presented. This paper tries to answer the question what was the source of aurora observed at low- and middle- latitude. The comparision of Timed satellite's measurements and results from Weimer's model of electric potential in the ionosphere suggests that not ring current but highly displaced auroral oval could be the source.
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This paper presents a power electronics system for a contactless supply of energy, via a magnetic field, of isolated movable electrical equipment, e.g. an artificial heart, or any portable equipment. Contactless energy transmission in this system is performed by means of the coupling between windings placed on isolated movable parts of the core of a single-phase transformer. Theoretical analysis and practical results concerning the convereter configuration, control, operational safety and sensibility on a wide range variable coupling are presented.
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It is known that during the geomagnetic storms an increase of the functional activity of the cardiovascular dosorders. Previous attempts to protect patients from geomagnetic storms by the use of iron shielding seem not have been quite successful. An alternative possibility is to use active shielding, or rather a compensatory method, which involves the creation in a hospital room of three-dimensional magnetic field time-varying within the normal variations of the geomagnetic field. The generated field must be maximally uniform, it must compensate for magnetic disturbances while retaining natural geomagnetic conditions - the main (quasi-constant) geomagnetic field as well as its short-periodic variations. To satisfy these requirements theoretical calculations and their experimental examinations have been carried out. Investigations using a magneto-compensating installation should give an answer to the fundamental question: are the variations of the geomagnetic field, as one of the consequences of the solar activity, the major, or at least a sufficient factor responsible for exacerbation of disorders of cardiovascular system? If the answer is affirmative, the installation could be recommended for use clinical practice.
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