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Catalytic Ozonation of Ponceau 4R Using Multifunctional Magnetic Biochar Prepared from Rubber Seed Shell

Nguyen Hung Minh, Truong Tram Thi Bao, Nguyen Hong-Hue Thi, Tran Phong Thanh, Tran-Thuy Tuyet-Mai, Nguyen Long Quang, Nguyen Dung Van

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 12

143--151

Herein, abundant and underutilized rubber seed shell (RSS) was valorized for one-pot production of multifunctional magnetic biochar (MBC) through one-pot FeCl3 activation. Fe3O4 and Fe0 crystals were formed in MBC, providing a saturation magnetization of 6.83 emu/g. In addition, the material had a specific surface area of 378 m2/g and a total pore volume of 0.22 cm3/g. MBC was subsequently explored for catalytic ozonation of Ponceau 4R (P4R). As a result, MBC enhanced P4R ozonation in a broad pH range of 3.0–9.0. At pH 5.8, the pseudo-first-order rate constant of P4R decolorization with MBC improved by 50% compared to that without MBC. Summarily, RSS-derived MBC is a potential catalyst for enhanced ozonation of Ponceau 4R thanks to its low cost, eco-friendliness, relative effectiveness, and magnetic separability.

Characterization of magnetic biochar amended with silicon dioxide prepared at high temperature calcination

Baig S. A., Lou Z., Hayat M. T., Fu R., Liu Y., Xu X.

Materials Science Poland

2016

Vol. 34, No. 3

597--604

Calcination is considered to increase the hardness of composite material and prevent its breakage for the effective applications in environmental remediation. In this study, magnetic biochar amended with silicon dioxide was calcined at high temperature under nitrogen environment and characterized using various techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed elimination of Fe3O4 peaks under nitrogen calcination and formation of Fe3Si and iron as major constituents of magnetic biochar-SiO2 composite, which demonstrated its superparamagnetic behavior (>80 Am2·kg-1·) comparable to magnetic biochar. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that both calcined samples generated higher residual mass (>96 %) and demonstrated better thermal stability. The presence of various bands in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was more obvious and the elimination of H–O–H bonding was observed at high temperature calcination. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed certain morphological variation among the samples and the presence of more prominent internal and external pores, which then judged the surface area and pore volume of samples. Findings from this study suggests that the selective calcination process could cause useful changes in the material composites and can be effectively employed in environmental remediation measures.