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1

Sampling native and non-native mobile epifauna with baited traps and habitat collectors : Port of Gdynia case study (southern Baltic Sea, Poland)

Normant-Saremba Monika, Hegele-Drywa Joanna, Marszewska Lena

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2020

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Vol. 49, No. 3

319--327

EN

The effectiveness of two artificial habitat collectors, crab condo (HC1) and habitat crate (HC2), providing a refuge for small mobile fauna, was tested along with two commercial baited traps, Chinese box trap (BT1) and Gee's Minnow trap (BT2) recommended for only single deployments under a harmonized survey of the Baltic and the North-East Atlantic. Our objective was also to determine whether a multi-deployment of baited traps in the growing season increases the diversity and abundance of collected mobile epifauna. Nineteen species of benthic mobile epifauna, including six non-indigenous species (NIS), were collected between May and October 2014 using all tested types of traps in the Port of Gdynia (southern Baltic Sea). Crustaceans, represented by 16 taxa, constituted the group with the highest diversity and abundance. Our study showed that HC1 and HC2 are more effective gear than BT1 and BT2, as both species richness (including NIS) and abundance were higher. Furthermore, the double deployment of BT1 and BT2 increased the diversity and abundance of the captured fauna. The use of artificial habitat collectors as an additional method to the already recommended baited traps for mobile epifauna monitoring in ports should be considered and the number of baited trap deployments should be increased during the growing season.

2

Macrozoobentos Distribution as a Bioindicator of Water Quality in the Upstream of the Citarum River

Chazanah Nurul, Muntalif Barti Setiani, Rahmayani Rijki Aulia, Sudjono Priana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 3

10--17

EN

This study aims to prove the type and abundance of macrozoobenthos are affected by the physico-chemical condition of the habitat so that it can be used as a bioindicator in assessing river water quality with a case study in the Upstream of Citarum River. The method used in this study consists of two stages, namely determining the status of river quality with pollution index and determining the components to see the relationship of the water quality parameters to the abundance of macrozoobenthos with principal component analysis. On the basis of these studies, the results were that at the location of the study status of the river quality is slightly polluted and mildly polluted. For the slightly polluted status Corbicula sp. was used as the dominant macrozoobenthos parameter with the parameters of dissolved oxygen, organic carbon and N-O in the clay-dominated sediments. In turn, for the river areas with mild pollution, Enallagma sp., Tubifex sp., and Chironomous sp. were used as bioindicators and they have a relationship with the parameters of nitrate, TSS, and P-total.

3

Ocena jakości wód górnych partii rzeki Wisłoka (Polska południowa) na podstawie makrozoobentosu

Hajduk W., Kokoszka P., Korzec K., Kusior B., Ryczek W., Siwek K., Klich M.

Science, Technology and Innovation

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2018

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Vol. 2, no. 1

19--26

PL

W październiku 2017 roku pobrano próby makrozoobentosu na sześciu stanowiskach w górnych partiach rzeki Wisłoki. Na ich podstawie dokonano oceny jakości wody i przypisano im klasy posługując się metodą BMWP-PL oraz indeksem Margalef’a. Jakość wód Wisłoki jest niezadowalająca – najczęstszym wynikiem oszacowania jakości jest III i IV klasa. Wynik ten jest znacznie gorszy niż oszacowanie tą samą metodą jakości wody górnych partii rzeki Jasiołki i rzeki Ropy. Rzeki te są podobne fizjograficznie i usytuowane w pobliżu Wisłoki.

EN

In October 2017, macrozoobenthos samples were collected on six positions in the upper parts of the Wisłoka River. Based on them, the quality of water purity was assessed and the purity classes were assigned to them using the BMWP-PL method and the Margalef index. The quality of waters in Wisłoka is unsatisfactory - the most common result of the quality assessment is the 3rd and 4th water purity class. This result is much worse than the assessment of the water quality of the upper parts of the Jasiołka River and the Ropa River using the same water quality method. These rivers are similar physiographically and situated near Wisłoka.

4

The structure of macrozoobenthic communities as an environmental status indicator in the Gulf of Gdańsk (the Outer Puck Bay)

Warzocha J., Gromisz S., Wodzinowski T., Szymanek L.

Oceanologia

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2018

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No. 60 (4)

553--559

EN

An attempt is made to use long-term (1979-2014) macrobenthos data series to derive insights on changes in abiotic conditions and on potential effects of long-term macrobenthos variability on food availability for fish and wintering waterfowl. The data were collected from a small embayment, protected as a NATURA 2000 area, functioning as a fishing ground important for the local community and as a site of diverse commercial developments. The analysis showed a drastic reduction of the macrobenthos abundance and biomass, which could have been related to oxygen deficiency; on the other hand, recolonisation processes have also been observed.

5

Assessment of biodiversity and environmental quality using macrozoobenthos communities in the seagrass meadow (Gulf of Gdańsk, southern Baltic)

Dąbrowska A. H., Janas U., Kendzierska H.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2016

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Vol. 45, No. 2

286--294

EN

This study shows the macrozoobenthic biodiversity and the quality status of the Zostera marina meadow in the Gulf of Gdańsk. To our knowledge, this is the first study focused on the assessment of environmental quality based on macrofauna occurring on such a small and specific habitat as a seagrass meadow. The meadow is dominated by Zostera marina, but also Zanichellia palustris and Potamogeton pectinatus are present. Compared to the soft bottom macrofauna in the southern Baltic, the biodiversity of macrozoobenthos is very high, which is reflected in 33 taxa observed during the whole research, while the mean number of taxa was 12. There were also some taxa found only on the bottom overgrown with vegetation, e.g. Idotea balthica or even taxa that are currently rarely observed in the Gulf of Gdańsk, e.g. Gammarus locusta or Gammarus ineaquicauda. Nineteen percent of the stations were classified into the very good quality status and 50% into the good quality status, so the environmental status of this meadow based on the BQI index is assessed as good. Given these results, this is probably one of the best preserved meadows in the southern Baltic.

6

Stałość fauny makrobentosowej na przykładzie rzeki Mała Ina lewobrzeżnego dopływu Iny (Pomorze Zachodnie)

Raczyńska M., Machula S., Raczyński M., Spieczyński D., Zimnicka-Pluskota M.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2016

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Nr 47

26--32

PL

Przedstawione wyniki badań obejmują analizę materiału biologicznego pobranego w maju 2007 i 2012 z rzeki Mała Ina zlokalizowanej w dorzeczu rzeki Iny. Na tej podstawie określono strukturę taksonomiczną fauny makrobentosowej. Badaną rzekę charakteryzowała zróżnicowana struktura jakościowa i ilościowa poszczególnych taksonów, a bioróżnorodność była niska. Różnica w ilości osobników tworzących zespół bentosu w analizowanych okresach była duża, jednak pod względem jakościowym grupa ta obejmowała prawie takie same pod względem taksonomicznym organizmy.

EN

The study results presented include an analysis of the biological material collected in May 2007 and 2012 from the Mała Ina river located in the Ina River basin. These served as the basis for determining the taxonomic structure of macrobenthos. The river studied varied with regard to the qualitative and quantitative structures of individual taxa, and the biodiversity in the streams was very low. Despite a significant difference in the number of individuals making up the benthos in the analyzed periods, in terms of quality, this group consisted of almost the same in terms of taxonomic organisms.

7

Context-dependent consequences of Marenzelleria spp. (Spionidae: Polychaeta) invasion for nutrient cycling in the Northern Baltic Sea

Maximov A., Bonsdorff E., Eremina T., Kauppi L., Norkko A., Norkko J.

Oceanologia

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2015

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No. 57 (4)

342--348

EN

Within the framework of the possibility of using the Mediterranean pen shell Pinna nobilis in restoration and conservation plans of benthic habitats, an in situ experiment was conducted using empty P. nobilis shells. The latter were transplanted in a bare soft-bottomed area and their associated fauna were followed along 120 days and compared at different temporal points and with the assemblages living in the surrounding soft-sediment area. Compared to soft-sediment communities, an evidently increasing succession of species richness, abundance, and diversity descriptors (Shannon-Wiener H′ and Pielou's evenness J′) was observed with the community inhabiting empty Pinna shells. Among the forty-five (45) species found in association with the transplanted empty shells, seventeen (17) were found constantly in the three temporal points; the other twenty-eight (28) species appeared in the samples collected in the second and/or third sampling time. While motile and sessile species associated to Pinna shells showed an increasing pattern of appearance and abundance along the experiment time, those of soft sediment remained almost constant. The comparison between Pinna shells and soft-sediment associated communities showed that the species richness was slightly different between the two different sample types (49 for soft sediment versus 45 for empty Pinna shells); however the total abundance was found more important with empty Pinna shells. The results obtained herein argue in favor of the important engineering effect of P. nobilis in soft benthic habitats and therefore for the necessity of its conservation.

8

Zastosowanie wskaźnika BPL do oceny stanu biozanieczyszczenia polskiej części Zalewu Wiślanego

Michałek M A, Gruszka P

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2015

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Nr 41

61--68

PL

Celem pracy jest określenie przydatności wskaźnika BPL (ang. biopollution level index) do oceny stanu biozanieczyszczenia polskiej części Zalewu Wiślanego. Na podstawie danych z lat 2010 i 2012 w akwenie odnotowano łącznie 15 gatunków makrozoobentosu, w tym 5 zaliczono do grupy gatunków nierodzimych: Marenzelleria neglecta, Rhitropanopeus harrissi, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Dreissena polymorpha i Rangia cuneata. W oparciu o przyjęte kryteria i dane literaturowe dotyczące wpływu obcych gatunków na środowisko, stan biozanieczyszczenia Zalewu Wiślanego został oceniony jako średni.

EN

This paper presents biopollution assessment results with respect to macrozoobenthic non-indigenous species in the Polish part of the Vistula Lagoon. A biopollution level index (BPL) was applied and evaluated based on the studies on macrozoobenthos conducted in 2010 and 2012 within the frame of several individual projects. Overall 15 macrozoobenthic species were identified, 5 of which were aquatic alien species: Marenzelleria neglecta, Rhitropanopeus harrissi, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Dreissena polymorpha and Rangia cuneata. According to the applied criteria the Vistula Lagoon was moderately influenced by invasive species.

9

Biotic typology of polish marine areas based on bottom macrofauna communities

Błeńska M., Osowiecki A.

Biuletyn Instytutu Morskiego w Gdańsku

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2015

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Vol. 30, No. 1

167--173

EN

The aim of this study was to develop methodological assumptions of the biotic typology and, based on these assumptions, determine the biotic types in the Polish Marine Areas. The biotic typology proposed in this paper is based on the analysis of the structure and the classification of macrozoobenthos. This group of organisms can be regarded as the main component structuring the biotic types due to their sedentary way of life and less susceptibility to spatial and seasonal changes compared with pelagic biota. Soft and hard bottom sediments occurring in the Polish Marine Areas were taken into consideration. The basic criterion of the biotic typology was to identify the predominant components of the seabed zoocoenoses – animal species and communities, from which the biotic type takes its name. As a result of the classification process the Polish Marine Areas were divided into six sub-areas of different environmental characteristics (a type of sediment, salinity and water dynamics); each of them inhabited by different macrozoobenthos communities. Consequently, the following biotic types were determined: I) Chironomidae-Oligochaeta, II) Macoma balthica-Marenzelleria sp., III) Bylgides sarsi-Macoma balthica, IV) Hydrobiidae-Cerastoderma glaucum, V) Pygospio elegans-Hydrobiidae, VI) Mytilus trossulus-Gammaridae. The proposed typology is the first comprehensive attempt at classification of the Polish Marine Areas taking into account both biotic and abiotic elements of the marine environment.

PL

Celem pracy było przygotowanie założeń metodycznych typologii biotycznej oraz, na podstawie tych założeń, wyznaczenie typów biotycznych w polskich obszarach morskich. Proponowaną w niniejszej pracy typologię biotyczną oparto na wynikach analizy struktury i klasyfikacji zbiorowisk makrozoobentosu będących głównym składnikiem nadającym charakter typom biotycznym ze względu na trwałe związanie z miejscem występowania i nie podleganie zmianom przestrzennym i sezonowym w takim stopniu, jak biocenozy toni wodnej (pelagialu). Analizą objęto dno miękkie (piaszczyste i muliste) oraz twarde (kamieniste) polskich obszarów morskich. Podstawowym kryterium zaproponowanej typologii biotycznej było określenie dominujących składników zoocenoz dna morskiego – gatunków i zbiorowisk, od których dany typ biotyczny bierze swą nazwę. W wyniku przeprowadzonej klasyfikacji dokonano podziału polskich obszarów morskich w oparciu o te składniki środowiska, które w głównym stopniu kształtują biotop (siedlisko) i wpływają istotnie na strukturę gatunkową zamieszkujących go zbiorowisk makrozoobentosu (tj. rodzaj osadu, zasolenie i dynamika wód). W rezultacie wyróżniono następujące typy biotyczne: I) Chironomidae-Oligochaeta, II) Macoma balthica-Marenzelleria sp., III) Bylgides sarsi-Macoma balthica, IV) Hydrobiidae- -Cerastoderma glaucum, V) Pygospio elegans-Hydrobiidae, VI) Mytilus trossulus-Gammaridae. Zaproponowana w niniejszej pracy typologia jest pierwszą kompleksową próbą klasyfikacji polskich obszarów morskich uwzględniającą zarówno elementy ożywione, jak i nieożywione środowiska morskiego.

10

The first record of Piscicola pojmanskae Bielecki, 1994 in the Gulf of Gdańsk (the southern Baltic Sea) with species characteristics distinguishing it from Piscicola geometra (Linnaeus, 1758)

Kendzierska H., Dąbrowska A. H., Cichocka J. M., Janas U., Bielecki A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2014

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Vol. 43, No. 3

324--327

EN

Specimens of Piscicola pojmanskae were identified in the macrozoobenthos community in Zostera meadows in Puck Bay. The presented paper is the first report on the observation of this species in the Gulf of Gdańsk (the southern Baltic Sea). Leeches are a rare component of the benthic fauna in this brackish water area.

11

Using macrozoobenthos to assess the ecological condition of the Starzyc Lake (North-West Poland)

Konieczny R., Daniszewski P.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 14, nr 4

1--8

EN

In the summer of 2008–2009 species composition and quantity of macrozoobenthos in deposits samples collected with Ekman gripping device at 4 points of Starzyc Lake was studied. Lake Starzyc also called Chociwel is located in West Pomeranian Voivodeship and is adjacent to the town of Chociwel from South and South East of the city. In the collected material of the analysed lake macrozoobenthos organisms from the following classes were found: Oligochaeta, Hirudinea, Crustacea, Insecta and Bivalvia. The Insecta class was the most numerous one in respect of species found, including larvae of the following orders: Ephemeroptera (Leptophlebia sp., Ephemera sp., Caenis macrura (Stephens)), Trichoptera (Limnephilidae, Leptoceridae, Cyrnus sp.) Diptera and Megaloptera (Sialis lutaria L.). The density and biomass distribution in the analysed Starzyc Lake demonstrates the occurrence of unfavourable changes which may lead to eutrophication in the shallowest layers of the body reservoir and in the zone at the depth of 4.9 m. The littoral zone of the studied lake features high density and significant benthic fauna biomass with low values of PIE biodiversity index.

12

Evaluation of chemical and physico-chemical indicators of water and bottom macrofauna the Resko Lake on the basis of the European Union Water Framework Directive

Daniszewski P., Konieczny R.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

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2013

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Vol. 5

86-96

EN

We carried out a detailed study of the kinetics of oxidation of N'-ferrocenylmethyl-N'-phenylbenzohydrazide (FcX) to ferrocenium ion (FcX+) in aqueous and organic mediums. This study using cyclic (CV) and rotating disk electrode (RDE) voltammetry showed that the FcX/FcX+ redox couple is reversible. The N'-ferrocenylmethyl-N'-phenylbenzohydrazide and ferrocenium ion diffusion coefficients (D) were calculated from these results. In addition, the electron transfer rate constant and the exchange current density for the oxidation of ferrocene were determined. A comparison of the kinetic data obtained from the two electrochemical techniques appears to show that the data from the RDE experiments are more reliable because they are collected under strict mass transport control. Have studied lake close to neutral pH - 7.67 to 7.73. All lakes in accordance with the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive have been included in the first class. The concentration in the surface layer of Ptot. Lake is little differentiated, is at level II quality class according to the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive. Tested water lakes were changing the concentration of the PO43-diss - these concentrations correspond to water quality from III. The increase of the concentrations of phosphorus in the Lake may indicate a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the waters of the shallow and changes their status to release phosphorus compounds accumulated redox in sediment bottom. In the case of nitrogen-compounds nitrates and nitrites values for these indicators were at level I and II class in all the surveyed lakes in accordance with the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive. Indicator, which indicates the high productivity of Lake is the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). The level of this indicator values on the studied Lake was on level III class. In the remaining Lake oxygen concentration was similar (continued in I class). Fauna of the Resko Lake bottom during summer stagnation was poor in terms of quality, which proves its considerable biological degradation. In terms of the concentration in the test macrozoobenthos Lake dominated, and Oligochaeta, Diptera larvae.

13

Evaluation of chemical and physico-chemical indicators of water and bottom macrofauna the Starzyc Lake on the basis of the European Union Water Framework Directive

Daniszewski P., Konieczny R.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

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2013

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Vol. 5

66-75

EN

Have studied lake close to neutral pH 7.70 to 7.74. All lakes in accordance with the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive have been included in the first class. Studies have shown a diverse water quality in lakes in relation to tested indicators. By analyzing the average annual values can be noted that the pH of the water, the O2diss and the concentration of NH4+, NO2?, NO3?, PO43-diss showed a relatively small variation in all investigated Lakes. The level of the total suspended solids in Starzyc lake the peasant was on level II class. The concentration in the surface layer of Ptot. Lake is little differentiated, is at level II and III quality class according to the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive. In the case of nitrogen-compounds nitrates and nitrites values for these indicators were at level I and II class in all the surveyed lakes in accordance with the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive. In 2008 attendance related macrofauna test bed showed that the most common they were mud-eating and larvae chironomids, oligochaeta (F = 100%), which consisted of Tischlera classification of the species is absolutely solid. Among larvae of Chironomidae the species is absolutely integral were Chironomus f. l. plumosus (F = 100%). However Chaoborus sp. belong to the accesoric species. Other designated species of fauna were accidental species of benthic (F) = 25%. In 2009 attendance related macrofauna test bed showed that the most common they were mud-eating and larvae chironomids, oligochaeta (F = 100%), which consisted of Tischlera classification of the species is absolutely solid. Among larvae of Chironomidae the species is absolutely integral were Chironomus f. l. plumosus (F = 100%). However Asellus aquaticus Racov. and Chaoborus sp. belong to the accesoric species. Other designated species of fauna were accidental species of benthic (F) = 25%. Fauna of the Starzyc Lake bottom during summer stagnation was poor in terms of quality, which proves its considerable biological degradation. In terms of the concentration in the test macrozoobenthos Lake dominated and Oligochaeta, Diptera larvae.

14

Mapping an ecosystem service: A quantitative approach to derive fish feeding ground maps

Šiaulys A., Daunys D., Bučas M., Bacevičius E.

Oceanologia

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2012

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No. 54 (3)

491-505

EN

This study presents a quantitative approach to mapping benthophagous fish feeding grounds. This approach combines the spatial biomass distribution of benthic prey items and their importance for the diets of predators. A point based biomass data of macrozoobenthos together with a set of environmental factors was used to develop Random Forests models that produce continuous biomass distribution layers for individual prey species. Depending on the diet composition and the importance of prey for fish feeding, these layers are overlaid and an integrated GIS map of the seabed showing the quality of feeding grounds is generated. These maps provide a useful basis for conservation and marine spatial planning. In addition, this method could be applied to the mapping of resources used by other benthophagous organisms. The method is presented using the example of three common Baltic fish species: cod, flounder and viviparous eelpout.

15

Estuarium rzeki Wieprzy jako siedlisko bezkręgowców dennych

Obolewski K., Burandt P, Glińska-Lewczuk K

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2012

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Nr 31

80--90

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań nad strukturą ilościowo-jakościową makrozoobentosu w warunkach ujściowych odcinków rzek na przykładzie estuarium rzeki Wieprzy. Badania obejmowały obszar portu w Darłowie oraz strefę przybrzeżną Bałtyku w rejonie ujścia rzeki. W trakcie prowadzonych prac zidentyfikowano 18 taksonów należących głównie do Mollusca (6 taksonów), Crustacea (4 taksony), Polychaeta (3 gatunki), Insecta (3 taksony). Zagęszczenie makrozoobentosu osiągnęło najwyższe wartości w strefie kontaktu wód rzecznych z morzem, podczas gdy największą biomasę tych organizmów stwierdzono w strefie przybrzeżnej. Wskaźniki bioróżnorodności malały wraz ze wzrostem udziału słonych wód morskich w estuarium. Pomimo negatywnego oddziaływania funkcjonowania portów morskich na faunę denną wewnątrz estuariów rzecznych, możliwe jest podjęcie działań zwiększających bioróżnorodność tych siedlisk poprzez planowe wdrażanie systemu zarządzania środowiskowego w portach.

EN

In the paper are presented results of the studies on the qualitative and quantitative structure of benthic fauna in the estuary of Wieprza River. The study was carried out in the area of the harbor of Darłowo and the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea. During the study we identified 18 taxa of macronvertebrates belonging mainly to the Mollusca (6 taxa), Crustacea (4 taxa), Polychaeta (3 species) and Insecta (3 taxa). Macrozoobenthos density reached the highest values in the contact zone of the river and the sea, while the highest biomass was stated in the coastal zone. Biodiversity indices decreased due to the increasing share of saline water in the estuary. In spite of negative influence of marine harbors onto the bottom fauna within the river estuaries, there is a possibility to undertake activities aiming at the increase in biodiversity throughout implementation of environmental management system in the harbors.

16

Impact of Taxonomic Structure and Benthic Fauna Biomass on the Biological Classification of River Waters

Raczyńska M., Grzeszczyk-Kowalska A., Chojnacki J., Raczyński M.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2012

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Vol. 19, nr 4-5

421-431

EN

The study results presented include an analysis of the biological material and benthic sediments collected in 2007 from four streams located in the Oder River basin. These served as the basis for determining the taxonomic structure and biomass of macrobenthos at the sampling sites as well as of the water quality based on the Biological Monitoring Working Party index adapted for Poland (BMWP-PL). The streams studied varied with regard to the qualitative and quantitative structures of individual taxa, and the biodiversity in the streams was very high. Insecta was the dominant in terms of numbers in all of the streams studied, and among them Trichoptera was the most frequently occurring group of organisms. The macrozoobenthos biomass values from 66 to 252 g m–2 might indicate that the biological capabilities of these streams are high. The BMWP-PL index evaluation system indicates that the studied streams can, in most instances, be classified as either marginally polluted or polluted (water quality classes III and IV).

PL

Przedstawione wyniki badań obejmują analizę materiału biologicznego i osadów dennych uzyskanych z czterech cieków dorzecza Odry prowadzonych w 2007 r. Na tej podstawie określono strukturę taksonomiczną fauny makrobentosowej i jej biomasę w miejscu pobierania próbek, a także dokonano klasyfikacji wód na podstawie wskaźnika BMWP-PL. Badane rzeki charakteryzowała zróżnicowana struktura jakościowa i ilościowa poszczególnych taksonów, a bioróżnorodność w badanych rzekach była bardzo duża. Pod względem ilościowym we wszystkich badanych rzekach dominowały Insecta, a wśród nich - Trichoptera jako najczęściej występująca grupa organizmów. Wartości biomasy makrozoobentosu (od 66 do 252 g m-2) świadczyć mogą o wysokiej zdolności biologicznej tych cieków. System oceny indeksu BMWP-PL wskazuje, że badane rzeki można zaliczyć w większości przypadków do wód słabo zanieczyszczonych i zanieczyszczonych (III i IV klasa).

17

Influence of beaver ponds on the macroinvertebrate benthic community in lowland brooks

Arndt E., Domdei J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 4

799-811

EN

Beavers (Castor fiber) alter stream ecosystems by dam building resulting in a lower stream velocity, retention of sediments and organic matter as well as modifying physical, chemical and geomorphological conditions in these streams. The effects of beaver dams on invertebrate benthic communities were examined in two semi-natural lowland brooks. For this purpose, beaver ponds and reference sections upstream and downstream of each pond were sampled. Mollusca, Crustacea and five orders of aquatic insects were analyzed according taxa richness, abundances, micro-habitat preferences and feeding types to characterize the macroinvertebrate communities. Detailed data in downstream sections and taxa-related parameters of insects (upstream and downstream sections) were analyzed first time. The abundance of Trichoptera, Plecoptera and Crustacea as well as taxa numbers of EPT taxa decreased significantly in the ponds compared to the free-flowing sections. Odonata and Ephemeroptera did not respond in abundance but in a change of the species composition, because lentic species replaced the lotic species in the impoundment section. Only the number of molluscs increased in the ponds. Regarding the microhabitat preferences, lithal dwellers dominated in all free-flowing sections, whereas its proportion decreased in the ponds. On the opposite, pelal dwellers increased in the impounded area. Significant differences were also found in proportions of shredders and passive filter feeders (decreasing in ponds), whereas predators increased in the ponds compared to the downstream section of the brooks.

18

Przekop przez Mierzeję Wiślaną czy ingerencja w bioróżnorodność Zalewu Wiślanego?

Dobrzycka-Krahel A., Kozakiewicz J.

Journal of Ecology and Health

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2011

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R. 15, nr 5

211-218

PL

Budowa kanału łączącego Zalew Wiślany z Morzem Bałtyckim to ogromna inwestycja, która może mieć wpływ na środowisko, zarówno w trakcie budowy, jak i w czasie jej użytkowania. Idea tego kontrowersyjnego przedsięwzięcia wciąż odżywa. Artykuł podejmuje dyskusję różnych aspektów hipotetycznego wpływu przekopu na ekosystem Zalewu Wiślanego, a szczególnie na jego różnorodność gatunkową w bezpośredniej lokalizacji inwestycji.

EN

The ditch through the Vistula Spit, connecting the Vistula Lagoon with the Baltic Sea is the huge investment, which may effect on the environment during the building and exploitation. Idea of this controversial investment still revives. Hypothetical effects of the ditch through the Vistula Spit on the ecosystem of the Vistula Lagoon and especially on its biodiversity of macrozoobenthos near the onvestment are discuss.

19

Wykorzystanie makrobezkręgowców do oceny biologicznej jakości wody na terenach wodonośnych we Wrocławiu

Rybak J., Pasternak G.

Ochrona Środowiska

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2010

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Vol. 32, nr 2

27-34

PL

W pracy zastosowano wybrane systemy biotyczne do oceny jakości wody w stawach infiltracyjnych na terenach wodonośnych we Wrocławiu oraz w graniczącym z nimi starorzeczu Oławy. Wykorzystane indeksy biotyczne opierają się na zoobentosie, którego skład gatunkowy ulega zmianie wraz ze wzrastającym zanieczyszczeniem środowiska wodnego. Jakość wody powierzchniowej została oceniona z zastosowaniem systemów biotycznych BMWP-PL, ASPT-PL, FBI, EPT, BBI, TBI i CBS. Otrzymane wyniki porównano między sobą oraz z wybranymi wskaźnikami fizyczno-chemicznymi wody, co umożliwiło ocenę przydatności analizowanych systemów biotycznych. Oceniono także bioróżnorodność wody na badanym obszarze. W tym celu obliczono dominację oraz frekwencję poszczególnych gatunków i rodzin na stanowiskach badawczych oraz obliczono wartości wskaźników bioróżnorodności Hurlberta i Margalefa. Zarówno wskaźniki fizyczno-chemiczne, jak i biologiczne potwierdziły ogólnie złą jakość wody na terenach wodonośnych. Nawet na stanowiskach o dużej bioróżnorodności stwierdzono występowanie gatunków pospolitych, stosunkowo odpornych na zanieczyszczenia. Woda we wszystkich badanych stawach została sklasyfikowana jako jedynie zadowalającej, a w niektórych przypadkach nawet niezadowalającej jakości. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdziły zasadność stosowania systemu biotycznego BMWP-PL na szerszą skalę w Polsce.

EN

For the purpose of this study, seven biotic systems were chosen to assess the quality of wet pond water within the aquifer of Wroclaw and in the bordering old Olawa river basin: BMWP-PL, ASPT, BBI, FBI, TBI, CBS and EPT. They all entail zoobenthic communities, whose composition changes with increasing pollution of the aquatic environment. The results obtained were compared with the values of some physicochemical parameters of the water, which enabled the applicability of the biotic systems to be evaluated. The water within the area under study was also analyzed for biodiversity. For this purpose calculations were performed to determine the domination and frequency of particular species and families at the sampling sites, as well as to establish the values of the Hurlbert and Margalef biodiversity indices. Both physicochemical and biological parameters make it clear that water quality in the area of the aquiferous layers is generally poor: species of comparatively high resistance to water pollutants were found to occur even at sampling sites characterized by great biodiversity. Water quality in all of the wet ponds examined has been classified either as acceptable or in some instances even as unacceptable. The results obtained support the applicability of the BMWP-PL index and recommend its use on a larger scale in Poland.

20

Ocena jakości wód powierzchniowych na obszarach zurbanizowanych z wykorzystaniem makrobezkręgowców na przykładzie rzeki Słupi

Obolewski K.

Ochrona Środowiska

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2010

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Vol. 32, nr 2

35-42

PL

Badania jakości wody w Słupi na zurbanizowanym terenie Słupska przeprowadzono na 11 stanowiskach pomiarowych, które różniły się miedzy sobą stopniem przekształcenia dna rzeki. Do oceny stanu ekologicznego badanego odcinka rzeki zastosowano analizy biologiczne i chemiczne, zgodnie z wytycznymi biomonitoringowymi. Badania wykazały dobrą jakość wody (I klasa) w zakresie zawartości substancji biogennych i chlorków oraz pH, jedynie BZT5 było podwyższone na najbardziej przekształconych stanowiskach badawczych. Jakość wody oceniono na podstawie analizy makrozoobentosu, z wykorzystaniem takich wskaźników biotycznych, jak BMWP-PL, ASPT, OQR oraz indeks bioróżnorodności Margalefa (d). Porównanie systemów oceny jakości wody wykazało, że warunki ekologiczne w rzece na terenie zurbanizowanym były gorsze, niż wskazywała na to jakość chemiczna wody. Stwierdzono, że badany odcinek Słupi charakteryzował się wodami III i IV klasy czystości, co potwierdza negatywny wpływ urbanizacji na ekosystemy rzeczne. Wykazano, że przekształcenia dna, poprzez jego przedzielanie i betonowanie, powodują utrudnienia w rozwoju makrobezkręgowców wodnych, co prowadzi do pogorszenia stanu ekologicznego rzeki.

EN

Water quality was assessed using samples collected at 11 sites, which were located along the Slupia River within the city of Slupsk and differed in the extent of riverbed transformations. The ecological state of the river section examined was determined using biological and chemical analyses in compliance with the biomonitoring guidelines. Water quality was found to be good (class I) as regards the pH and the concentrations of biogenic substances and chlorides. BOD5 alone showed increased levels at sampling sites with major transformations in the riverbed. Water quality was also assessed by analyzing the macrozoobenthos with the aid of such bioindicators as BMWP-PL, ASPT, OQR and the Margalef biodiversity index (d). The comparison of these bioindicators revealed that within the urban area the ecological state of the river water was not as good as could have been inferred from the values of its chemical quality parameters. The investigated section of the Slupia River was characterized by waters of class III and class IV quality, which substantiates the negative influence of urbanization on riverine ecosystems. The study has demonstrated that riverbed transformations due to partitioning or placing concrete elements inhibit the growth of hydrobionts and thus deteriorate the ecological state of the river.