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How do different types of river maintenance works affect the ichthyofauna of small European watercourses?

Brysiewicz Adam, Czerniejewski Przemysław, Sieczko Leszek

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2023

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Vol. 30, nr 4

617--633

EN

Watercourses serve the needs of agriculture in certain sections and are subject to strong anthropopressure. When agriculture prevails in the catchment, it often has abundant vegetation, macrophytes in particular, and the bottom is covered by a substantial layer of silt. In order to ensure patency of flow and access to water, small watercourses are very often subject to river maintenance works. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of 3 types of works on the diversity of fish species and density of fish in the 1 and 2 year after the works at 21 sites located on 8 rivers in the European Central Plains Ecoregion. As a result of the works, especially in the 1 year after the works, significant changes were found in hydrochemical and hydrological parameters, especially with the increase in velocity and mean depth in watercourses. Additionally, habitat change contributed to differences in the composition of the ichthyofaunal. After 1 year, the diversity of fish species and fish population density increased or remained unchanged after dredging and removal of plants from the river channel, but they decreased after the removal of macrophytes from river banks. After year 2, a decrease in the diversity of fish species and density was observed, associated with re-infestation and siltation of the watercourses. Particularly in the case of dredging and removal of macrophytes from the river bank, maintenance works should not be done too frequently, because some species of natural value disappear.

2

Macrophytes as a tool for assessing the trophic status of a river: a case study of the upper Oum Er Rbia Basin (Morocco)

Nouri Ayoub, Soumaya Hammada, Lahcen Chillasse, Abdelmajid Haddioui

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2021

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Vol. 50, No. 1

77--86

EN

Macrophytes are one of the main components of the aquatic ecosystem. They are used in several countries as metrics for the ecological assessment of hydrosystems. The objective of our study was to evaluate the suitability of the Macrophyte Biological Index for Rivers (IBMR) to determine a trophic level in the upper Oum Er Rbia basin (Morocco) and to understand physicochemical parameters of water that govern the distribution of macrophyte species. CCA analysis was used to relate the distribution of macrophytes to hydrochemical parameters of water. The CCA analysis shows that the distribution of macrophytes was more correlated with abiotic parameters (EC, WT and DO) than nutrient parameters (PO4-P, NO3-N, NO2-N, NH3-N and CODMn). The recorded values of IBMR in the upper Oum Er Rbia basin indicate that the trophic level of the studied rivers ranged from “moderate” to “very high”. Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed that the IBMR is more correlated with the abiotic parameters such as WT and EC and does not show any significant correlation with the content of PO4-P and NH3-N in water, which makes the IBMR index unreliable for assessing the trophic status related to phosphate and ammonia concentrations in our lotic waters.

3

Diversity of the Rhopalodiaceae Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) on Macrophytes of Different Architecture in Small and Shallow Oxbow Lakes (SE Poland)

Rybak Mateusz, Kochman-Kędziora Natalia, Pęczuła Wojciech

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 5

164--173

EN

The research was conducted in July 2018 on six oxbow lakes of the San River. A total of 21 samples from various macrophyte species were collected. Over 400 species of diatoms were identified in the analyzed materials, 9 of which belonged to the Rhopalodiaceae family. Most of these Epithemia and Rhopalodia species developed as dominants in most of the studied samples. One of reported species – Epithemia selengaensis Vishnyakov, Kulikovskiy & Genkal was first time reported from Poland. The aim of the study was to present the taxonomic diversity of the representatives of the Rhopalodiaceae family growing different macrophyte species in oxbow lakes in the summer aspect.

4

Optimization of the Operation of a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant with Hydrocotyle ranunculoides

Quispe Rebeca, Soto Mishel, Ingaruca Ever, Bulege Wilfredo, Custodio María

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 9

228--236

EN

The objective of the study was to optimize the operation of the municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of the Sicaya district with Hydrocotyle ranunculoides. The relative growth rate of the macrophyte was determined, in addition to the relationship between the population growth area and the final weight according to the number of days elapsed. Medium fences were implemented and the tributary and effluent of the WWTP were characterized physicochemically and microbiologically. The results of the characterization corresponding to the tributary were as follows: 616 mg of TSS/L, 109.2 mg of BOD5/L, 305.4 mg of COD/L, 30.3 mg of oils and fats/L and 3 500 000 NMP of thermotolerant coliforms/100 ml. Owing to the implementation of two medium grids, large suspended solids were retained. The highest efficiency of COD removal with respect to the growth area of H. ranunculoides (2 226.96 m2) was 81.53%. While the efficiency of removal of thermotolerant coliforms was 79.2% at a water temperature of 12.32°C . Using the operational optimization model in the WWTP with H. ranunculoides, an area of 3 291.67 m2 of macrophyte population growth was achieved with a removal efficiency of 93.71% COD and an area of 3 591.67m2 to remove 79.95% of the thermotolerant coliforms at a temperature of 13°C.

5

Occurrence of heavy metals in aquatic macrophytes colonising small aquatic ecosystems

Świerk D., Szpakowska B.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2011

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Vol. 18, nr 3

369-378

EN

Concentration of heavy metals in plant tissues results from the total level of contamination of the ecosystem and the degree of development of a species, ecological form and phenophase. Some aquatic plants have a particularly great capacity to accumulate heavy metals and may be classified as hyperaccumulators. The studies of accumulation intensity of heavy metals by macrophytes in five water reservoirs situated in the General Dezydery Chlapowski Landscape Park indicated great variability of Al, Cu, Pb and Zn in both underground and aboveground plant organs. Most plants accumulated elements in surface layers of the rhizomes, mainly in the epidermis and in the cortex mesophyll. The greatest amounts of the analysed elements were found in rhizomes of Oenanthe aquatica (L.).

PL

Koncentracja metali ciężkich w tkankach roślin jest wypadkową ogólnego poziomu zanieczyszczenia ekosystemu i stopnia rozwoju gatunku, formy ekologicznej oraz fazy fenologicznej. Niektóre rośliny wodne mają dużą zdolność do gromadzenia metali ciężkich, pełniąc funkcję hiperakumulatorów. Badania nad intensywnością akumulacji metali ciężkich przez makrofity, zasiedlające pięć zbiorników wodnych na terenie Parku Krajobrazowego im. gen. Dezyderego Chłapowskiego, wykazały duże zróżnicowanie stężeń Al, Cu, Pb i Zn w częściach nadziemnych i podziemnych roślin. Większość roślin gromadziła pierwiastki w wierzchnich warstwach kłącza, głównie skórki, oraz w miękiszu kory pierwotnej. Największe ilości analizowanych pierwiastków stwierdzono w kłączu Oenanthe aquatica (L.).

6

Effect of pH, dissolved organic carbon and total phosphorus concentrations on selected life history traits of Luronium natans (L.) RAF.

Bazydło E., Szmeja J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 2

191-200

EN

A hypothesis has been put forward that low pH or high concentration of total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the lake water are the factors responsible for observed extinction of the population of Luronium natans (L.) Raf., protected macrophyte species from the group of isoetids. A study was performed on 525 generative individuals collected from 21 lakes in Pomeranian Lakeland (NW Poland) and a correlation between the biometric characteristics and environmental conditions in the lakes was tested. The following life history traits have been analysed: size of individuals, their fecundity and allocation of biomass. The greatest and most fecund individuals grow in the lake water of pH 6.1-7.0, poor in TP (10.1-20.0 [mi]g dm^-3) and DOC (3.5-6.0 mg C dm^-3). The allocation of biomass of the individuals growing in the optimum conditions is as follows 46-54% in the leaves, 22-31% in the roots and 20-27% in the rhizome. In the lakes with water of pH < 5.0 or of TP3 > 20.1 [mi]g dm^-3 and DOC > 6 mg C dm^3, a statistically significant decrease in the size of the individuals and unfavourable changes in the biomass allocation are found. The main environmental factor responsible for dying out local populations of Luronium natans is a decrease of pH below < 5.0.