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EN
Macrophages remove foreign material from the body and are recruited to sites were there are particles present. Multinucleate giant cells from by the fusion of macrophages. In the presence of particles, macrophages produce various chemical mediators, known as cytokines, as well as enzymes. Some of the cytokines are pro-inflammatory (for example, IL1Beta, IL6 and TNFalpha) while others promote giant cell formation (GM-CSF, M-CSF, TGF). The presence of these cellular products can be shown by examining tissue sections with immunohistochemistry and by western blotting. The message (mRNA) for the synthesis of these molecules can be demonstrated by in situ hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction. Macrophages process ingested material and present it as antigen to lymphocytes. Antigen-presenting macrophages play an important part in the initiation of metal sensitization. Surface receptors and their counterligands are expressed on macrophages and lymphocytes during antigen presentation. The particles present in tissues around joint prostheses have been isolated and characterized. Over 95% of these are less than 1 micron (ECD) in size. Transmission electron microscopy has revealed nanoparticles of metal in the range 15-20 nm. Such particles are too small to be phagocytosed. Hydroxyapatite, diamond-like carbon (nano-diamond) and metal particles are being studied and results compared with those of particles in the micrometer range. There is a different response to different nanoparticles.
PL
Badano proces degradacji kwasu poli(L-mlekowego) w obecności makrofagów (Mf) oraz biozgodność układu PLLA+Mf. Postęp degradacji oceniano na podstawie pomiarów lepkości polimeru, analizy widm w zakresie podczerwieni oraz oznaczenia ilości uwalnianego kwasu mlekowego. Porównano żywotność makrofagów oraz sekrecję cytokin w hodowlach makrofagów w nieobecności biomateriału oraz w układach zawierających filmy PLLA i makrofagi. Stwierdzono wzrost szybkości degradacji PLLA w obecności makrofagów oraz zadowalającą biozgodność poli(kwasu L-mlekowego) i komórek linii makrofagowej.
EN
The process of degradation of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) in the presence of macrophages (Mf) and the biocompatibility of the system PLLA+Mf was studies. The progress of the degradation was monitored by the measurements of polymer viscosity and IR spectra of the films as well as the concentration of the released lactic acid. The viability of macrophages and the secretion of cytokines were compared for the systems containing PLLA films immersed in macrophage suspension and macrophages cultured without the polymer. The results confirm the increase in the rate of PLLA degradation in the presence of macrophages as well as the satisfactory biocompatibility of poly(L-lactic acid) and macrophage cells.
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